Nau'in 1 da nau'in 2 na maganin ciwon sukari

Lokaci na farko da aka sami nasarar amfani da insulin don magance cututtukan ciwon sukari a cikin 1922. Tun daga wannan lokacin, maganin insulin ya ceci rayukan miliyoyin mutane. Kowace shekara, shirye-shirye, hanyoyi da hanyoyin gudanarwarsu suna inganta. Yanzu ana samar da nau'ikan insulin sama da 50, kuma ci gaban sababbi, mafi ingantattun waɗanda ke ci gaba.

Manufar insulin far shine a kiyaye metabolism na carbohydrates a matakin kusa da wanda yanayi ke bayarwa. Don wannan, ya zama dole ba kawai don shigo da ciwan shirye-shiryen insulin a cikin jini kusa da yadda yakamata ga yanayin halittar wannan hormone din ba, har ma don kula da kyawawan alamun lokaci na tsawon lokaci, galibi shekaru da yawa.

A waɗanne hanyoyi ne maganin insulin yake buƙata?

Ana amfani da ilimin insulin ba kawai lokacin da insulin na haƙuri ya kasance gabaɗaya ba, har ma lokacin da ƙwayar kumburi ta kasa isa, kuma magungunan rage sukari ba su da tasiri. A ɗan lokaci, ana sanya insulin don lokutan ƙaruwa na buƙatar hormone. A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 30% na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari suna saka kansu da insulin.

Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce

• Normalization na sukari -95%
• Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
• Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
• Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
• Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%

Alamomi don maganin insulin:

1. Nau'in nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, ba tare da la'akari da tsawon lokacin rashin lafiya da shekarun mai haƙuri ba.

2. Matsanancin rikicewar cututtukan hyperglycemic (ketoacidosis mai tsanani, ƙwayar cuta).

3. Nau'in ciwon siga na 2 yayin da magani na al'ada ba zai yiwu ba:

• idan an tabbatar da rashin ingancin abinci mai ƙarancin carb da wakilai na hypoglycemic a cikin mafi yawan abubuwan da aka yarda da su;
• idan akwai contraindications don shan magunguna masu rage sukari: rashin lafiyan ƙwayar cuta, rashin lafiyar koda da hepatic, cututtukan jini;
• yayin daukar ciki da shayarwa.

4. Hadin ciwon sukari da sauran cututtuka:

• asarar nauyi a ƙasa na yau da kullun, ba tare da la'akari da dalilin ba;
• cututtuka na narkewa tare da malabsorption;
• cututtuka masu saurin kamuwa da cuta, musamman yawan kumburi;
• sake dawowa da cututtuka na kullum;
• karancin lalacewa;
• m shisshigi.

5. Matsanancin rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari:

• mai ciwon sukari mai ciwon sukari, tare da raɗaɗi mai raɗaɗi da rage darajar rayuwa;
• cututtukan ƙafafun ciwon sukari tare da rauni mai yawa ko ƙwayar jijiyoyi;
• angiopathy, wanda ke rikicewa tare da aiki na yau da kullun na kowane sashi, har zuwa ƙarancinsa;
• babban triglycerides (> 5.6) a hade tare da yawan cututtukan hyperglycemia.

Kwayar Pancreatic idan ƙwayoyin beta suna tasiri sosai.

Menene fa'idar maganin insulin

Yawancin lokaci, ƙwayar insulin na tilas ga masu ciwon sukari na 1 ba marasa lafiya bane ke jayayya da su, saboda wannan shine zaɓin magani na yanzu. Wannan nau'in cutar ana nuna shi ta rashin cikakkiyar ƙwayar insulin a cikin jiki, ba tare da wannan hormone ba, sukari daga jini ba zai shiga cikin sel ba. Sakamakon haka, kyallen takarda na fama da yunwa, kuma yanayin jinin ya canza sosai, wanda da sannu zai kai ga ciwan ciki, yawanci ketoacidotic.

Duk sauran hanyoyin da aka yi talla, kamar su soda ko ƙwayoyin kara, ba su iya haifar da samarwar insulin. Promwarin da ke tattare da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta sun haɗa da dasa shuki a cikin ƙwayoyin beta da suka girma da juyawa da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Yanzu ba a amfani da su a bainar jama'a, saboda suna kan ci gaba.

A cikin nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari na mellitus, lokacin da aka gano wata cuta, maganin insulin yana buƙatar 5-10% na masu ciwon sukari, bayan shekaru 10 - 80%. Abin takaici, shirye-shiryen insulin suna haifar da fargaba a cikin marasa lafiya, don haka suna ƙoƙari da duk ƙarfinsu don jinkirta fara allurar. Yawancin lokaci wannan yakan faru ne da rashin lafiyar mutum. An tabbatar da cewa yana da mahimmanci don canzawa zuwa insulin idan gemoglobin glycated shine> 7 ta amfani da hanyoyin maganin gargajiya.

Nadin insulin a wannan lokacin na iya rage hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, tare da tsayawa, wani lokacin kuma juyawa, ci gaban su. Marasa lafiya a kan ilimin insulin ba su da wata ma'ana ga bayyananniyar alamun bayyanar cututtuka, suna aiki sosai kuma suna aiki sosai. Don amsa shirye-shiryen insulin, asirin su na hormone yana inganta.

Amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar magunguna na zamani yana sa ya yiwu a sami sukarin jini na yau da kullun, guji hauhawar jini, da haɓaka nauyin jiki. Alkalami mai sikelin tare da gajerun allura na bakin ciki suna ba ku damar yin allurar mara zafi. Inje ba lallai bane a yi shi sau da yawa kamar masu ciwon sikari 1, allura 1-2 na insulin kowace rana ya isa.

Menene nau'ikan

Yau, hanyoyin 2 don gudanar da insulin sun zama ruwan dare: al'ada da haɗuwa, ko na ilimin halayya, suna ƙaruwa.

Harkokin insulin na al'ada yana dogara ne akan allurai na maganin, wanda likitan ya lissafta kuma ya daidaita shi. Mai haƙuri zai iya shigar da adadin magunguna daidai lokacin kan lokaci. Zai iya sarrafa sukari na jini kawai tare da taimakon abinci: rage adadin carbohydrates don rage glucose, haɓaka tare da hypoglycemia. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, sakamakon irin wannan nau'in sarrafa ciwon sukari ya yi nesa da makasudin jini. A halin yanzu, wannan yanayin aikin insulin dauke wanda aka rabu amfani da shi kuma yana amfani ne kawai ga waɗannan marasa lafiya waɗanda ba za su iya ko ba sa son yin ƙididdigar sashin nasu ba.

Sakamakon ilimin insulin mai zurfi ya fi kyau. Misali, hadarin retinopathy an rage shi da 76%, neuropathy - 60%. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yana kusa da samar da abubuwan halitta na hormone. Mahimmancin samar da insulin mai karfi shine injections da yawa wadanda suke yin daidai da yawan kwayar halittar da kuma kara karfin jiki yayin amsa glucose da ke shiga cikin jini, kuma ana bukatar saka idanu akai-akai na sukari tare da glucometer. Abincin tare da ilimin insulin mai karfi ba a buƙata.

Hanya mafi dacewa ta zamani don sadar da insulin zuwa jini a cikin ciwon sukari shine tare da famfo na insulin. Wannan na'urar ne wanda zai iya gabatar da kansa tare da kansa a cikin fata a cikin microdoses, tare da adadin da aka ba shi. Tare da shi, mai haƙuri na iya shigar da madaidaitan adadin ƙwayar kafin cin abinci. Na'urorin zamani suna da damar saka idanu kan matakin sukari da kansu kuma suna faɗakarwa lokacin da ya wuce al'ada. Inganta insulin-insulin kwantar da hankali yana samarda mafi kyawun diyyar cutar siga idan aka kwatanta da sauran halaye, amma yana buƙatar kulawa da na'urar da ƙarin ikon sarrafa glucose. Hakanan ana iya haifar da rashin haɗari ta hanyar allura don samar da insulin kullun a cikin jiki.

• Labarinmu game da yadda ake yin lissafin yawan insulin - karanta nan

Fasali na amfani da jiyya

Ba a amfani da sanannun hanyoyin maganin insulin a kowane yanayi. A cikin kulawa da yara da mata masu juna biyu, sashi, ka'idojin gabatarwa da sarrafa glycemia sun bambanta. A cikin waɗannan rukunin, hankalin insulin yana canzawa akai-akai, don haka marasa lafiya suna buƙatar kulawa ta kusa da likita. Yana da halaye na kansa da kuma amfani da insulin ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin hankali.

A cikin yara

A cikin yara, babban abin da ya shafi hanyar kamuwa da cutar siga shine nuna halin rashin lafiyar jiki a cikin maganin insulin. Haka kuma, yawan faduwar sukari akai-akai suna da hadari a gare su fiye da na manya, tunda suna tsoma baki tare da ci gaban tunani na yau da kullun, ya kara dagula yanayin jiki, da rarraba ayyukan motsi, da kuma tsoma baki tare da karawa juna sani.

Don rage yawan hypoglycemia, an karɓi maƙasudin maƙasudin girma a cikin diabetology ga yara: matakin sukari ≤ 8 mmol / L, haemoglobin <8.

Bukatar insulin a kowace kilogiram na nauyi shine mutum ɗaya ga kowane yaro kuma yana iya bambanta da kusan sau 2 a lokuta daban-daban na ci gabansa: ƙasa da ƙuruciya da kuma lokacin girma, fiye da lokacin balaga.

Yaran da shekarunsu basu kai 2 ba ana wajabta su da maganin gargajiya. Idan yana bayar da kyakkyawan sakamako, amfaninsa zai iya tsawaita zuwa lokacin balaga. Farawa daga shekaru 12, ana bada shawarar yin tazara mai zurfi. A hankali, yara suna koyon yin allurar kansa, suna auna sukari har ma da lissafta sashi. A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar iko da iyaye.

A lokacin daukar ciki

Babban sukari a cikin mata masu juna biyu yana haifar da fetopathy na tayi, wanda ya hada da cututtukan gabobin ciki, tsarin juyayi, da kuma metabolism. Haɓaka al'ada na yaro zai yiwu ne kawai tare da kyakkyawan raunin ciwon sukari mellitus, don haka matakan glucose a cikin mata masu juna biyu ke tsayayye: 3.3-5.1, matsakaicin 5.6 mmol / L.

Ta yaya insulin farjin yake canzawa yayin daukar ciki:

• Nau'in 1. Ana lura da sauye-sauye akai a cikin buƙatun insulin, saboda haka ana iya samun sugars na al'ada ta hanyar kulawa da hankali da kuma daidaita matakan yau da kullun. An fi son aikin kwantar da hankalin insulin.
• Nau'in 2. Bayanin magani yana canzawa da asali, tunda yayin daukar ciki ana rage magungunan rage sukari. Abinda kawai zai iya magancewa shine insulin. Mafi sau da yawa fiye da ba, tsarin al'ada ya isa don biyan diyya na al'ada. Zai bada shawara don canzawa zuwa ilimin insulin yayin shirin.
• Ciwon ciki. Lokacin da ake rubuta magani, ana yin la'akari da matakin ƙaruwar sukari. Inje kafin abinci abinci yawanci ya wadatar, amma a lokuta masu wahala, ana iya amfani da maganin insulin mai zurfi. Kara karantawa game da cutar sankarar mahaifa anan - //diabetiya.ru/pomosh/gestacionnyj-saharnyj-diabet-pri-beremennosti.html

Halin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa

A cikin 1933, lokacin da aka fara amfani da insulin a ko'ina, an lura cewa hanya ta wasu cututtukan kwakwalwa sun zama sauki bayan mai haƙuri ya sami hauhawar jini. Sunyi allurar rigakafi tare da maimaita allurawar kwayoyin, a karkashin kulawar likitocin akai-akai. Hanyar insulin shock therapy, kamar yadda aka kira shi, ya haifar da babban haɗari ga mai haƙuri (mace-mace 2-5%). Tare da shigowar magungunan psychotropic, buƙatar insulin far ya ɓace, bugu da ,ari ba, binciken da yawa bai tabbatar da ingancinsa ba. A kasashen yamma, ba a yin amfani da magani na psychosis tare da insulin a halin yanzu.

A Rasha, yin amfani da insulin therapy shima ya takaita. A halin yanzu, an ba shi izinin yin amfani da irin wannan jiyya kawai ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar schizophrenia tare da ɗan gajeren tarihin cutar, waɗanda wasu hanyoyin ba za su iya bi da su ba. Hanyar tana da manyan jerin contraindications kuma kusan ba a taɓa amfani da su ba.

Dokoki don maganin insulin

Don samun sakamako mai ɗorewa ga masu ciwon sukari da taimakon insulin farji, dole ne a bi wasu ka'idoji:

1. Bayanin likita da allurai na farko likita ne kaɗai ke tantance su.
2. Yakamata a horar da marassa lafiya da ma'amala tare da ka'idoji don kirga raka'a abinci da insulin.
3. Kafin gabatarwar insulin, kuna buƙatar karanta umarnin don miyagun ƙwayoyi, gano menene haɗakar, tsawon lokacin da cin abinci yana buƙatar allurar.
4. Duba ko sirinji ya dace da insulin. Dubi tsawon lokacin da allura yake kuma daidaita dabarar sarrafa magunguna daidai da wannan bayanin.
5. Auna glucose bayan awanni 2. A wannan lokacin, ba za ku iya shigar da ƙarin allurai na maganin ba.
6. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a sanya abin tunawa wanda a ciki ake nuna adadin da lokacin XE, kashi da nau'in insulin, da alamun glycemic.
7. Kullum canza wurin allurar, ba a shafa ko dumin shi.

Abin da zai iya zama rikitarwa

Mafi rikitarwa na yau da kullun amfani da insulin shine overdoses da hypoglycemia mai zuwa. A tsawon shekara guda, kashi 10% na masu ciwon sukari suna fuskantar matsanancin raguwar sukari zuwa matsakaici ko matsanancin ƙarancin cututtukan jini. Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan marasa lafiya marasa hankali don ƙarancin glucose ko tare da neuropathy, wanda ke sa wahalar jin alamun. An ba su shawarar yin amfani da mita sau da yawa, a wasu yanayi suna ƙara yawan ƙwayar sukari da rage ƙananan insulin.

Za'a iya tantance hauhawar jinin haila ta waɗancan alamu:

• tashin zuciya
• rawar jiki cikin wata gabar jiki;
• rawar jiki ko jin motsi;
• yunwa
• bari;
• rashin iya maida hankali.

Ba shi da wahala a dakatar da irin wannan harin, kawai a sha shayi mai dadi ko kuma ku ci kamar yadda za ku iya cin abinci. Babban abu shine a san shi a kan lokaci.

Toari a kan rashin lafiyar hypoglycemia, ƙwaƙwalwar insulin na iya haifar da: