Ta yaya gajeren telomeres da kumburi suna ba da gudummawa ga ciwon sukari

Kuna son sanin menene hanyar haifar da ciwon sukari a matakin salula? Karanta wani wurin da aka ambata daga littafin Nobel Prize wanda ya yi nasara a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da magani "Telomere sakamako".

Littafin, wanda Elizabeth Helen Blackburn, masaniyar kimiyyar cytogenetic, Nobel Prize ta samu tare da haɗin gwiwar psychosa Elissa Epel, an fi mayar da hankali ga ayyukan tsufa a matakin salula. "Manyan haruffa" na wannan aikin ana iya kiransu lafiya cikin telomeres - maimaita gutsuttsuran abubuwan da ba sa yin lamba wanda suke a ƙarshen chromosomes. Telomeres, wanda aka gajarta tare da kowane bangare na sel, suna taimakawa wajen tantance yadda kwayoyinmu suke saurin girma da kuma lokacin da suka mutu, ya danganta da saurin da suke tsufa.

Wani muhimmin binciken da aka gano a kimiyance shine cewa karshen sassan chromosom shima zai iya yin tsawo. Don haka, tsufa tsari ne mai fa'ida wanda za'a iya yin saurinsa ko haɓaka shi, kuma a wani yanayi na juyawa.

Wani muhimmin nuance: gajeren telomeres suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ciwon sukari. An bayyana dalilin da ya sa hakan ke faruwa a cikin matani na musamman daga littafin “Telomere Effective.an kawo mana littafin ne ta Gidan wallafa Eksmo.

Duk yadda kuke yin awo, babban ciki yana nufin akwai matsalolin rayuwa. Wannan ya shafi mutane masu ciwon hancin giya, da waɗanda waɗanda BMI ɗinsu ba daidai bane, amma kugu ya fi fadi sama da kwatangwalo. Rashin metabolism yawanci yana nufin kasancewar yawancin abubuwan haɗari lokaci ɗaya: mai mai, ciki mai ƙarfi, hawan jini, da juriya na insulin. Idan likita ya sami ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan a cikinku, zai bincika ciwo na rayuwa, wanda ke haifar da cututtukan zuciya, ciwon daji, da ciwon sukari, ɗaya daga cikin babbar barazanar lafiyar ɗan adam a cikin karni na 21.

Cutar sankarau babbar barazana ce ga duniya. Wannan cuta tana da jerin sakamako na tsawon lokaci mai ban tsoro, wanda ya hada da cutar zuciya, bugun jini, hangen nesa, da rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki, wanda na iya bukatar yankewa. Sama da mutane miliyan 387 a duniya - kusan 9% na yawan mutanen duniya - suna da ciwon sukari.

Wannan shine yadda nau'in ciwon sukari na II ke faruwa. Tsarin narkewa na mutum mai lafiya yana rushe abinci a cikin kwayoyin glucose. Kwayoyin beta na pancreatic suna samar da insulin na hormone, wanda ya shiga cikin jini kuma yana ba da damar glucose don shiga cikin jikin jikin don suyi amfani dashi azaman mai. Kwayoyin insulin suna ɗaure wa masu karɓar abu a farfajiya kamar maɓallin da aka saka cikin maɓallin key. Kulle yana jujjuyawa, kwayar ta bude kofa kuma ta wuce kwayoyin halittar glucose a ciki. Saboda yawan kitse mai kitse ko mai a hanta, juriyawar insulin na iya haɓaka, kuma a sakamakon haka, ƙwayoyin suna dakatar da amsawa daidai da insulin. Makullan su - masu karɓar insulin - sun kasa, kuma mabuɗin - kwayoyin insulin - basu da ikon buɗe su.

Kwayoyin glucose da basa iya shiga kwayar halitta ta hanyar ƙofar suna zaune cikin jini. Komai yawan kumburin da ke ɓoye ƙwayar insulin, glucose ya ci gaba da tarawa cikin jini. Nau'in nau'in I na da alaƙa da lalacewar ƙwayoyin beta na pancreas, saboda hakan sun daina samar da isasshen insulin. Akwai hadarin cutar mahaifa. Kuma idan bakayi ikon daukar matakin glucose a cikin jini ba, tabbas ciwon sukari zai bunkasa.

Duk yadda kuke yin awo, babban ciki yana nufin akwai matsalolin rayuwa. Wannan ya shafi mutane masu ciwon hancin giya, da waɗanda waɗanda BMI ɗinsu ba daidai bane, amma kugu ya fi fadi sama da kwatangwalo.

Me yasa mutane masu yawan kitse na ciki suna haɓaka jarin insulin da kuma yiwuwar kamuwa da ciwon sukari? Rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rayuwa mai nutsuwa da damuwa suna taimakawa ga samuwar kitse na ciki da haɓaka sukari na jini. A cikin mutanen da ke da ciki, telomeres ya zama ya fi guntu tsawon shekaru, kuma wataƙila raguwarsu tana ƙaruwa da matsala da juriyawar insulin.

Wani binciken Danish da ya shafi tagwaye 338 ya gano cewa gajeren telomeres suna lalata ƙwaƙwalwar insulin a shekaru 12 masu zuwa. A cikin kowane tagwaye, ɗayansu waɗanda ke da ƙarancin karatun telomeres sun nuna mafi girman ƙarfin jurewar insulin. Masana kimiyya sun nuna sau da yawa ƙungiyar tsakanin gajeren telomeres da ciwon sukari. Tearancin telomeres suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari: mutanen da ke da gado na telomere ciwo suna iya fuskantar wannan cutar fiye da sauran alumma. Cutar sankara tana farawa da wuri kuma tana ci gaba cikin hanzari. Nazarin Indiyawan, waɗanda saboda wasu dalilai masu yawa suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankara, suma suna ba da sakamakon da bai dace ba. A cikin Indiya tare da gajeren telomeres, da alama yiwuwar kamuwa da ciwon sukari a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa ya ninka sau biyu fiye da wakilan ƙabila guda ɗaya tare da telomeres mai tsawo.

Analysisididdige-gwaje-gwaje na meta na nazarin abubuwan da suka ƙunshi mutane sama da 7,000 sun nuna cewa gajeren telomeres a cikin sel jini alama ce tabbatacciya game da ciwon sukari a nan gaba

Ba wai kawai mun san hanyar ci gaban ciwon sukari ba, har ma zamu iya bincika cikin farji don ganin abin da ke faruwa a ciki. Mary Armanios da abokan aiki sun nuna cewa a cikin mice, lokacin da aka rage ƙwayar telomeres a cikin jiki (masana kimiyya sun sami wannan tare da maye gurbi), ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic sun rasa ikon yin insulin. Kwayoyin kara a cikin farji suna tsufa, telomeres din su suna yin gajeru sosai, kuma ba su iya sake buɗe layuka na ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da insulin da tsarin matakan sa. Wadannan kwayoyin suna mutuwa. Kuma nau'in ciwon sukari I na sauka zuwa kasuwanci.

Tare da mafi yawan nau'in ciwon sukari na II, ƙwayoyin beta ba su mutu ba, amma aikinsu yana da illa. Don haka, a cikin wannan yanayin ma, gajeren telomeres a cikin pancreas na iya taka rawa. A cikin lafiyar mutum in ba haka ba, gadar daga kitse ta ciki zuwa cutar sankara na iya haifar da kumburi mai kumburi. Kayan mai yana taimakawa sosai ga ci gaban kumburi sama da, ka ce, mai a cikin kwatangwalo.

Kwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na Adidi suna ba da kariya ga abubuwan da ke lalata kwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke lalata ƙwayoyin rigakafi, tare da sanya su ragewa da lalata telomeres. Kamar yadda kuke tunawa, tsoffin ƙwayoyin, bi da bi, an karɓa don aika da sigina marasa tsayawa wanda ke motsa kumburi a duk jiki - an sami ɓarna da'irar. Idan kana da kitsen mai mai wuce haddi, ya kamata ka kula don kare kanka daga cutar kumburi, gajere telomeres, da ciwo na rayuwa. Amma kafin ku ci gaba da rage cin abinci don kawar da ƙoshin ciki, karanta har zuwa ƙarshen: kuna iya yanke shawara cewa abincin zai ƙara ƙaruwa. Kada ku damu: za mu samar muku da wasu hanyoyi don daidaita yadda ake amfani da kuzarin ku.

Kowane chromosome yana da telomeres - ƙarshen sassan wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan strands na DNA da aka lullube da wani yanki na kariya na musamman. A cikin adadi, ana nuna hoton telomeres da shuɗi a kan sikelin da ba daidai ba, suna lissafin sama da dubu goma na tsawon DNA.

Abubuwan abinci, telomeres da metabolism suna da haɗin gwiwa, amma wannan dangantaka ce mai matukar wahala. Anan ga matsayin karshe da masana daban daban wadanda suka yi nazari kan tasirin asarar nauyi a jikin kwayar halittar jiki.

• Rage nauyi yana saurin rage ƙwanƙarar ƙwarya.
• Rage nauyi baya shafar telomeres.
• Slimming yana taimakawa ƙara tsawon telomeres.
• Rage nauyi yana haifar da raguwa a cikin telomeres.

Abubuwan lura masu rikice-rikice, ko ba haka ba? (Conclusionarshe ƙarshe an zana shi daga binciken mutanen da suka sami aikin tiyata na bariatric: bayan shekara ɗaya, telomeres ɗin su ya gajarta sosai. Amma wannan na iya kasancewa saboda damuwa ta jiki da ke tattare da aikin).

Mun yi imani cewa waɗannan rikice-rikice sun sake nuna cewa nauyi kadai ba shi da mahimmanci. Rasa nauyi kawai a cikin sharuddan gabaɗaya zai ba da shawarar cewa metabolism yana canzawa don mafi kyau. Daga cikin wadannan canje-canjen shine kawar da mai mai ciki. Ya isa don rage jimlar nauyin - kuma adadin kitse a kusa da matsakaicin matsakaici zai ragu, musamman idan kun zama masu ƙarfin motsa jiki a wasanni, kuma bawai rage rage yawan adadin kuzari ba. Wani canji mai kyau shine karuwa a cikin ƙwayar insulin. Masana ilimin kimiyya waɗanda suka kalli rukuni na masu ba da agaji na shekaru 10-12 sun gano cewa yayin da suka sami nauyi (wanda yake shi ne mafi yawan mutane masu shekaru), telomeres ɗin su ya gajarta. Sannan masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar yanke hukunci wanda ke taka rawa mai yawa - kiba ko kuma juriya ta insulin, wanda ke tafiya tare da hannu. Ya juya cewa insulin juriya ne wanda ke ba hanya damar yin kiba, kamar yadda ake magana.

Tunanin cewa kula da metabolism yana da mahimmanci fiye da rasa nauyi yana da matukar mahimmanci, kuma duk saboda cin abinci na iya haifar da mummunan rauni ga jiki.

Da zaran munyi nauyi, wani injin din ciki ya shiga cikin wasa wanda ke rikicewa tare da ƙarfafa sakamakon. Jikin yana kama da ƙoƙarin riƙe wani nauyi kuma, lokacin da muke asarar nauyi, yana rage jinkirin aiki don sake dawo da kilo da aka rasa (daidaitawa na rayuwa). Wannan sanannen sananne ne, amma ba wanda zai iya tunanin yadda irin wannan karbuwa zai iya tafiya. An koya mana darasi mai ɓacin rai ta hanyar masu ba da kai da ƙarfin zuciya waɗanda suka yarda su shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya "Mafi Girma Mai Ruwa". Tunaninsa mai sauki ne: mutane masu yawan gaske sun yi gasa a tsakanin su wanda zai rasa nauyi a cikin watanni bakwai da rabi tare da abinci da motsa jiki.

Dr. Kevin Hall, tare da abokan aiki daga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa, sun yanke shawarar duba yadda irin wannan zubar da sauri na adadin kilo ya shafi metabolism na mahalarta waɗanda, a ƙarshen wasan kwaikwayon, sun rasa kashi 40% na nauyinsu na farko (kimanin kilo 58). Shekaru shida bayan haka, Hall ya auna nauyin su da na rayuwa. Yawancinsu sun murmure, amma sun sami damar zama a matakin da ya dace da 88% na nauyin farko (kafin shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayon). Amma abin da ba shi da daɗi: a ƙarshen shirin, ƙwaƙwalwar su ta ragu sosai har jiki ya fara ƙona adadin kuzari 610 kasa da kullun.

Shekaru shida bayan haka, duk da sabon nauyin da aka samu, daidaitawar metabolism ya zama mafi ma'ana, kuma yanzu tsoffin mahalarta wasan kwaikwayon sun ƙona adadin kuzari 700 ƙasa da rana fiye da alamar asali. Da tsammani, ba haka ba ne? Tabbas, mutane kima ne suke rasa nauyi sosai kuma cikin sauri, amma kowannenmu yana rage jinkirin matakan metabolism bayan rasa nauyi, kodayake akan karami mai nauyi. Haka kuma, wannan tasirin yana ci gaba bayan maimaita kilo kilo da aka rasa.

Wannan sabon abu ana san shi azaman raunin nauyi: mai ɗaci sannan sai ya ɗauki nauyi, sannan ya sami nasa, sannan kuma ya sake samun nasarori, da sauransu zuwa rashin iyaka.

Daga cikin waɗanda suke so su rasa nauyi, ƙasa da 5% suna sarrafawa don bin abin da ke cikin abinci da kuma inganta sakamakon da aka cimma aƙalla shekaru biyar. Ragowar 95% ko dai gaba ɗaya sun ƙi ƙoƙarin rasa nauyi, ko ci gaba da ci gaba da su, lokaci-lokaci kan ci abinci, asarar nauyi, sannan sake murmurewa. Ga yawancin mu, wannan tsarin ya zama wani bangare na rayuwarmu, musamman ga matan da suke wasa tare a wannan lamarin (misali: "Akwai wata yarinya mai sanyin hankali a cikina wacce ke neman a barsu. Yawancin lokaci ina ba da cookiesrta kuma tana kwantar da hankali" ) Amma an kafa shi cewa kewayewar nauyi yana haifar da raguwa a cikin tsawon telomere. Tsarin nauyi yana da illa sosai ga lafiyarmu kuma yana da yaɗuwa sosai cewa muna son kawo wannan bayanin ga kowa. Mutanen da suke ci abinci akai-akai suna ƙuntata kansu na ɗan lokaci, sannan kuma ba za su iya tsayawa a kansu su fara magama da Sweets da sauran datti ba. Rage canzawa tsakanin ƙuntatawa da halayen wuce gona da iri babbar matsala ce mai wahala.