Ciwon sukari mellitus wata cuta ce da ke faruwa da tushen rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin endocrine. An kwatanta shi da ciwon sukari na hawan jini. Ana gano cutar a kowane zamani, amma mafi yawan lokuta tana cutar da mutane ne bayan shekaru 40.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da ciwon sukari a cikin tsofaffi shine cewa yawanci hanyarsa ba ta kwanciyar hankali da laushi. Amma alamar halayyar cutar shine ƙarancin nauyin da fiye da rabin masu fensho suke da shi.
Tun da akwai matsaloli da yawa na kiwon lafiya a cikin tsufa, mutane kima ne ke kula da kiba. Koyaya, duk da tsawon lokaci da latti na cutar, sakamakon sa na iya zama da m.
Akwai nau'ikan ciwon sukari guda biyu:
- Nau'in farko - yana haɓaka tare da rashi insulin. Sau da yawa ana gano shi da ƙuruciya. Wannan shine ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin, wanda ke faruwa a cikin tsari mai tsanani. A wannan yanayin, rashin magani yana haifar da cutar siga da mai ciwon sukari na iya mutuwa.
- Nau'in na biyu - yana bayyana tare da wuce haddi na insulin a cikin jini, amma har ma wannan adadin hormone bai isa ya daidaita matakan glucose ba. Irin wannan cutar galibi tana faruwa ne bayan shekaru 40.
Tun da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ya fi bayyana a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya, yana da daraja la'akari da sanadin, alamu da magani na wannan nau'in cutar a cikin mafi daki-daki.
Abubuwa masu ba da hankali da kuma abubuwan ci gaba
Daga shekara ta hamsin, yawancin mutane sun rage haƙuri haƙuri. Haka kuma, lokacin da mutum yayi shekaru, kowane shekaru 10 yawan tarawar jini a cikin sutra zai karu, kuma bayan cin abinci zai karu. Don haka, alal misali, kuna buƙatar sanin menene ƙa'idodin sukari na jini a cikin maza bayan shekaru 50.
Koyaya, haɗarin ciwon sukari ba an yanke shi ba kawai ta halayen da suka shafi shekaru, har ma da matakin motsa jiki da abinci na yau da kullun.
Me yasa tsofaffi suke samun cututtukan fata bayan haihuwa? Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon rinjayar abubuwa da yawa:
- raguwa da suka danganci tsufa cikin ƙwayar insulin a cikin kyallen takarda;
- rauni da aiki da toshewar kwayoyin homon a cikin tsufa;
- isasshen aikin samarda insulin na ciki.
Ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin tsofaffi da tsufa saboda yanayin gado. Abu na biyu da ke ba da gudummawa ga farawar cutar ana la’akari da kiba.
Hakanan, pathology ana haifar da matsaloli ne a cikin farji. Wadannan zasu iya zama malfunctions a cikin aiki na glandon endocrine, ciwon daji ko cututtukan fata.
Ko da ciwon sukari na santsi na iya haɓakawa da asalin cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Irin waɗannan cututtukan sun haɗa da mura, rubella, hepatitis, chickenpox da sauransu.
Bugu da ƙari, rikicewar endocrine sau da yawa yana bayyana bayan damuwa mai juyayi. Tabbas, bisa ga ƙididdiga, tsufa, tare da goguwar motsin rai, ba wai kawai yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sukari irin ta 2 a cikin tsofaffi ba, har ma yana kawo cikas ga hanyarsa.
Haka kuma, a cikin marassa lafiya da ke aiki da hankali, ana lura da matakin glucose mai yawa fiye da yadda waɗanda aikinsu ke da alaƙa da aikin jiki.
Hoto na asibiti da rikitarwa
Alamun gama gari na cututtukan sukari a cikin mutane sama da 40 sune:
- wahalar gani;
- itching da bushewar fata.
- katsewa
- m ƙishirwa;
- kumburi daga cikin ƙananan hancin;
- urination akai-akai.
Koyaya, duk alamun ba lallai ba ne don tabbatar da cutar. Abinda ya faru na alamun 1 ko 2 ya isa.
Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na marasa lafiya a cikin marasa lafiya na shekarun ritaya ana nuna shi sau da yawa ta rashin ƙarfi na gani, ƙishirwa, zazzabi da warkar da raunuka.
Tsofaffi suna da haɗari tare da rikice-rikice akai-akai a cikin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, waɗanda suka kamu da cutar siga. Don haka, marasa lafiya galibi suna da atherosclerosis na jijiya, wanda ke shafar tasoshin ƙafafun, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙwayar cutar mahaifa a cikin cutar sankara. Kuma wannan yana haifar da mummunan raunuka na kafa da kuma yanke gaba.
Rikice-rikicen yau da kullun na ciwon sukari sune:
- samuwar ulcers;
- raunin gani (cataract, retinopathy);
- ciwon zuciya
- kumburi;
- urinary fili cututtuka.
Wata illar cutar sankarau ita ce gazawar koda. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya shafar tsarin juyayi, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar neuropathy.
Wannan halin ana nuna shi da alamu kamar azaba, ƙona a kafafu da asarar ji.
Bayyanar cututtuka da magani
Ciwon sukari a cikin tsofaffi yana da wuya a gano cutar. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa koda lokacin da aka haɓaka matakin glucose na jini, to, ƙila sukari ba ya cikin fitsari.
Saboda haka, tsufa ya wajabta wa mutum bincika kowace shekara, musamman idan yana cikin damuwa game da atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jiki, nephropathy da cututtukan fata na purulent. Don tabbatar da kasancewar hyperglycemia yana ba da damar masu nuna alama - 6.1-6.9 mmol / L., Kuma sakamakon 7.8-11.1 mmol / L yana nuna cin zarafin haƙuri.
Koyaya, nazarin haƙurin glucose na iya zama ba daidai bane. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tare da shekaru, ji na ƙwayoyin sel zuwa sukari yana raguwa, kuma matakin abubuwan da ke cikin jini ya ci gaba fiye da dogon lokaci.
Haka kuma, gano cutar sankara a cikin wannan yanayin ma yana da wahala, tunda alamunta suna kama da alamun lalacewar huhu, gazawar zuciya da ketoacidosis.
Duk wannan galibi yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa an gano cutar sankarar fata a wani wuri a karshenta. Don haka, mutane sama da shekara 45, ya zama dole a dauki gwaje-gwaje don tarowar jini a cikin shekaru biyu.
Kula da ciwon sukari a cikin marasa lafiya tsofaffi wani aiki ne mai wahala, saboda sun riga sun sami wasu cututtukan na kullum da nauyin kiba. Sabili da haka, don daidaita yanayin, likita ya tsara yawancin magunguna daban-daban daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban zuwa haƙuri.
Magungunan ƙwayoyi don tsofaffi masu ciwon sukari ya ƙunshi ɗaukar irin waɗannan magunguna kamar:
- Metformin;
- glitazones;
- Abubuwan da suka samo asali na sulfonylurea;
- yumbu;
- glyptins.
Ana yawan rage sukari mai yawa tare da Metformin (Klukofazh, Siofor). Koyaya, an wajabta shi kawai tare da isasshen aikin aikin kodan kuma lokacin da babu cututtukan da ke haifar da hypoxia. Fa'idodin maganin shine inganta matakan metabolism, shi ma baya yanke kumburin ƙwayar cuta baya kuma ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar cututtukan jini.
Glitazones, kamar Metformin, na iya haɓaka hankalin ƙwayoyin mai, tsokoki da hanta zuwa insulin. Koyaya, tare da yankewar ƙwayar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, yin amfani da thiazolidinediones bashi da ma'ana.
Hakanan ana amfani da glitazones cikin matsaloli tare da zuciya da kodan. Haka kuma, kwayoyi daga wannan rukuni suna da haɗari saboda suna taimakawa wajan kosar da ƙwayar kazari daga ƙasusuwa. Kodayake irin waɗannan magungunan ba sa kara haɗarin cutar hypoglycemia.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da sulfonylureas suna shafar sel na beta na pancreas, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suka fara samar da insulin sosai. Amfani da irin wadannan magunguna yana yiwuwa har sai an yanke kukun.
Amma abubuwan da ke haifar da sinadarai na sulfonylurea suna haifar da sakamakon mummunan sakamako:
- increasedara yawan yiwuwar hauhawar jini;
- cikakkar kuma warwarewar cututtukan farji;
- nauyi.
A yawancin halaye, marasa lafiya sun fara ɗaukar abubuwan da ake amfani da su na sulfonylurea, duk da irin haɗarin, kawai don kar su nemi maganin insulin. Koyaya, irin waɗannan ayyukan suna da illa ga lafiya, musamman idan shekarun mai haƙuri sun kai 80.
Clinides ko meglitinides, har ma da abubuwan da ake amfani da su na sulfonylurea, suna kunna samarwar insulin. Idan kun sha kwayoyi kafin abinci, to, tsawon lokacin fallasa su bayan ɓata yana daga mintuna 30 zuwa 90.
Contraindications don yin amfani da meglitinides suna kama da abubuwan da suka samo asali na sulfonylurea. Amfanin irin waɗannan kudade shine cewa zasu iya rage yawan sukari cikin jini bayan cin abinci.
Gliptins, musamman Glucagon-kamar peptide-1, sune kwayoyin hodar iblis. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors na sa hanji ya samar da sinadarin insulin, yana hana rufin glucagon.
Koyaya, GLP-1 yana aiki ne kawai idan za a ɗaga sukari a zahiri. A cikin kayan haɗin gliptins akwai Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin da Vildagliptin.
Wadannan kudaden suna lalata wani abu wanda ke da mummunar tasiri a cikin GLP-1. Bayan shan irin waɗannan kwayoyi, matakin hormone a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa sau 2. Sakamakon haka, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta yana motsawa, wanda ya fara samar da insulin sosai.
Abincin magani da matakan kariya
Ciwon sukari a cikin tsofaffi yana buƙatar wani abinci. Babban manufar abincin shine asarar nauyi. Don rage yawan kitse a jiki, mutum yana buƙatar juyawa zuwa abincin mai kalori mai ƙima.
Don haka, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya wadatar da abinci tare da sabo kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, nau'in mai ƙarancin nama da kifi, kayan kiwo, hatsi da hatsi. Kuma daga Sweets, kek, man shanu, broths mai kyau, kwakwalwan kwamfuta, pickles, naman giya, giya mai dadi da abin sha mai sha.
Hakanan, rage cin abinci don ciwon sukari ya ƙunshi cin ƙananan rabo aƙalla 5 a rana. Kuma abincin dare ya kamata ya zama 2 hours kafin lokacin kwanciya.
Aiki na jiki wani kyakkyawan shiri ne na ci gaban ciwan sukari tsakanin masu ritaya. Tare da motsa jiki na yau da kullun, zaku iya cimma sakamako masu zuwa:
- ƙananan jini;
- hana bayyanar atherosclerosis;
- haɓaka hankalin ƙirar jikin mutum zuwa insulin.
Koyaya, ya kamata a zaɓi kayan aikin ya danganta da kyautatawar mai haƙuri da halayensa na mutum. Kyakkyawan zaɓi zai iya tafiya na minti 30-60 a cikin sabon iska, iyo iyo keke. Hakanan zaka iya yin motsa jiki na safe ko yin motsa jiki na musamman.
Amma ga tsofaffi marasa lafiya, akwai da dama contraindications zuwa aiki ta jiki. Waɗannan sun haɗa da gazawar renal mai yawa, ƙarancin raunin cutar ciwon sukari, daɗaɗɗen ci gaba na retinopathy, angina mai rashin ƙarfi da ketoacidosis.
Idan an gano cutar sankara a shekaru 70-80, to irin wannan cutar tana da haɗari sosai ga mai haƙuri. Sabili da haka, yana iya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a cikin gidan kwana, wanda zai inganta lafiyar janar na haƙuri da tsawaita rayuwarsa gwargwadon iko.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci wanda ke rage jinkirin ci gaban dogara da insulin shine adana daidaito a zuciya. Bayan haka, damuwa yana taimakawa ƙara haɓaka, wanda ke haifar da matsala a cikin ƙwayoyin carbohydrate. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a natsu, kuma idan ya cancanta, ɗauki magunguna dangane da Mint, valerian da sauran kayan abinci na halitta. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin yana ba da labarin fasalin hanyar ciwon sukari a cikin tsufa.
