ESR shine yawan tsabtacewa na erythrocyte. A baya can, ana nuna wannan alamar. An yi amfani da mai nuna alama a magani tun daga 1918. Hanyoyin auna ESR an fara ƙirƙirar su a cikin 1926 kuma har yanzu ana amfani da su.
Binciken shine likitan likitanci ya tsara shi sau da yawa bayan tattaunawar farko. Wannan ya faru ne saboda sauƙin gudanarwa da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen kuɗi.
ESR shine mai nuna rashin damuwa takamaiman mai nuna alama wanda zai iya gano nakasassu a cikin jikin rashin bayyanar cututtuka. Anarin ƙaruwa a cikin ESR na iya kasancewa a cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, kazalika da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka da cututtukan fata.
Menene ma'anar ESR?
A cikin 1918, masanin kimiyyar Sweden Robin Farus ya bayyana cewa a shekaru daban-daban kuma ga wasu cututtuka, ƙwayoyin jan jini suna yin halayen dabam. Bayan wani lokaci, sauran masana kimiyya suka fara aiki tukuru kan hanyoyin tantance wannan alamar.
Yawan erythrocyte sedimentation shine matakin motsi da sel jini a wasu yanayi. Ana nuna alamar a cikin milimita a cikin awa 1. Binciken yana buƙatar ƙaramin adadin jinin mutum.
An hada wannan ƙidaya a cikin jimlar jini. Ana ƙididdige ESR da girman satin plasma (babban abin da ke cikin jini), wanda ya kasance akan saman jirgin ruwa mai aunawa.
Canje-canje a cikin yawan tasirin maganin erythrocyte yana ba da izinin ƙirƙirar ƙwayar cuta a farkon farkon ci gabanta. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a ɗauki matakan gaggawa don inganta yanayin, kafin cutar ta shiga cikin mummunan haɗari.
Domin sakamakon ya kasance amintacce ne sosai, yakamata a kirkiro yanayi wanda nauyin nauyi ne kawai zai rinjayi sel jini. Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci a hana coagulation jini. A cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana samun wannan ta hanyar taimakon magungunan anticoagulants.
Tsarin erythrocyte ya kasu kashi biyu:
- jinkirin daidaitawa
- rationarfafawa a cikin tashin hankali saboda samuwar ƙwayoyin jan jini, waɗanda aka halitta su ta hanyar gluing kowane ƙwayoyin sel jini,
- rage jinkirin shiga da dakatar da tsarin.
Mataki na farko yana da mahimmanci, amma a wasu yanayi, ana buƙatar kimanta sakamako kuma kwana ɗaya bayan samfurin jini.
An ƙayyade tsawon lokacin da aka ƙaruwa a cikin ESR ta yadda yawan ƙwayar jan jini ke rayuwa, saboda mai nuna alama na iya kasancewa cikin manyan matakan na kwanaki 100-120 bayan an warke cutar baki ɗaya.
Adadin ESR
Harkokin ESR sun bambanta dangane da waɗannan dalilai:
- jinsi
- shekaru
- mutum fasali.
ESR na al'ada na maza yana cikin kewayon 2-12 mm / h, ga mata, alƙaluman suna 3-20 mm / h. A cikin lokaci, ESR a cikin ɗan adam yana ƙaruwa, don haka a cikin mutanen da ke tsufa wannan mai nuna alama yana da dabi'u daga 40 zuwa 50 mm / h.
Increasedarin matakin ESR a cikin jarirai shine 0-2 mm / h, yana da shekaru 2-12 watanni -10 mm / h. Mai nuna alama yana da shekaru 1-5 yana dacewa da 5-11 mm / h. A cikin yara mazan, adadi yana cikin kewayon 4-12 mm / h.
Mafi sau da yawa, sabawa daga ka'idar an rubuta shi a cikin shugabanci na karuwa maimakon raguwa. Amma mai nuna alama na iya raguwa tare da:
- neurosis
- karuwar bilirubin,
- fargaba
- anaphylactic shock,
- acidosis.
A wasu halaye, binciken yana ba da sakamako wanda ba za a iya dogara da shi ba, tunda an keta ƙa'idodin ka'idodin gudanarwa. Yakamata a bayar da gudummawar jini tun safe har zuwa karin kumallo. Ba za ku iya cinye naman ba ko kuma, shi kuma, ku ji yunwa. Idan ba za a iya bin ƙa'idodin ba, kuna buƙatar jinkirta binciken na wani lokaci.
A cikin mata, ESR galibi yana ƙaruwa yayin daukar ciki. Ga mata, waɗannan ka'idodi masu zuwa sun dogara ne da shekaru:
- 14 - shekara 18: 3 - 17 mm / h,
- 18 - shekaru 30: 3 - 20 mm / h,
- 30 - Shekaru 60: 9 - 26 mm / h,
- 60 da ƙari 11 - 55 mm / h,
- A lokacin daukar ciki: 19 - 56 mm / h.
A cikin maza, ƙwayar jan jini tana zaune kaɗan. A cikin gwajin jini na namiji, ESR yana cikin kewayon 8-10 mm / h. Amma a cikin maza bayan shekaru 60, dabi'ar ta kuma hauhawa. A wannan lokacin, matsakaicin ESR shine 20 mm / h.
Bayan shekaru 60, ana daukar adadi na 30 mm / h a matsayin karkace a cikin maza. Dangane da mata, wannan alamar, duk da cewa ta tashi, ba ta buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kuma ba alamar cuta ba ce.
Wata karuwa a cikin ESR na iya kasancewa saboda nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, da kuma:
- cututtuka, da yawa daga asalin kwayoyin cuta. Haɓakawa a cikin ESR sau da yawa yana nuna wani mummunan tsari ko yanayin cutar na yau da kullun,
- tafiyar matakai masu kumburi, gami da cututtukan cututtukan fata da raunuka. Tare da kowane tsinkaye na cututtukan cuta, gwajin jini yana nuna karuwa a cikin ESR,
- gama cututtukan nama. ESR yana ƙaruwa tare da vasculitis, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, system scleroderma da wasu cututtuka,
- kumburi da ke cikin hanji tare da cutar ta Crohn da cutar ulcerative,
- cutuka masu rauni. ESR yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da cutar sankarar bargo, myeloma, lymphoma da ciwon daji a matakin karshe,
- cututtukan da ke haɗuwa da necrotization nama, muna magana ne game da bugun jini, tarin fuka da infarction na zuciya. Mai nuna alama yana ƙaruwa gwargwadon iko tare da lalacewar nama,
- cututtukan jini: anemia, anisocytosis, hemoglobinopathy,
- cututtukan cututtukan da ke tattare da hauhawar danko na jini, alal misali, hanawar hanji, zawo, amai tsawon lokaci, murmurewar aikin,
- rauni, ƙone, mummunan rauni na fata,
- guba ta abinci, sunadarai.
Yaya aka ƙaddara ESR
Idan kun dauki jini da anticoagulant kuma ku bar su su tsaya, to, bayan wani lokaci za ku iya lura da cewa jajayen sun mutu, kuma wani ruwa mai launin rawaya, wato, jini, ya kasance a saman. Nisaɗin cewa sel sel za su yi tafiya cikin awa ɗaya shine ƙimar ɗagawar jini na erythrocyte - ESR.
Mataimakin dakin gwaje-gwajen ya dauki jini daga yatsa daga mutum zuwa cikin bututun gilashi - maganin kankara. Bayan haka, ana sanya jini a cikin maɓallin gilashin gilashi, sannan a sake tattara shi a cikin mashin ɗin kuma a saka shi cikin mashin ɗin Panchenkov don gyara sakamakon a cikin awa daya.
Wannan hanyar gargajiya ana kiranta ESR bisa ga Panchenkov. Zuwa yau, ana amfani da hanyar a yawancin dakunan gwaje-gwaje a cikin sararin samaniya bayan Soviet.
A wasu ƙasashe, ana amfani da ma'anar ESR bisa ga Westergren. Wannan hanyar ba ta bambanta sosai da hanyar Panchenkov. Koyaya, gyare-gyaren zamani na bincike yafi dacewa kuma ya bada damar samun sakamako mai ƙoshi a cikin minti 30.
Akwai kuma wata hanyar don tantance ESR - ta Vintrob. A wannan yanayin, an haɗa jini da anticoagulant kuma an sanya shi cikin bututu tare da rarrabuwa.
A cikin tsaka mai wuya na ƙwayoyin sel jan jini (sama da 60 mm / h), ƙwayar bututu tana cikin haɗuwa da sauri, wanda ke cike da gurbata sakamakon.
ESR da ciwon sukari
Daga cututtukan endocrine, ana samun sau da yawa ciwon sukari, wanda ke haƙiƙa da cewa akwai karuwa mai yawa a cikin sukarin jini. Idan wannan manuniya ya zarce 7-10 mmol / l, to ana fara sanin sukari shima a cikin fitsarin mutum.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa karuwa a cikin ESR a cikin ciwon sukari na iya faruwa sakamakon ba wai kawai rikice-rikice na rayuwa ba, har ma da nau'ikan hanyoyin kumburi wanda yawanci ana lura da shi a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar lalata tsarin rigakafi.
ESR a nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 koyaushe yana ƙaruwa. Wannan saboda saboda hauhawar sukari ne, hauhawar jini tana ƙaruwa, wanda ke tsokane haɓaka aikin erythrocyte sedimentation. Kamar yadda kuka sani, tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ana yawan lura da kiba, wanda a cikin kanta yana haifar da babban adadin erythrocyte sedimentation.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan bincike yana da hankali sosai, babban adadin abubuwanda ke haifar da canji a cikin ESR, saboda haka ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a faɗi da tabbacin abin da ainihin ya haifar da alamun.
Lalacewar koda a cikin cututtukan fata kuma ana ɗauka ɗayan rikice-rikice. Tsarin kumburi na iya shafar parenchyma na koda, don haka ESR zai karu. Amma a lokuta da yawa, wannan na faruwa lokacin da matakin furotin a cikin jini ya ragu. Saboda yawan taro, yana shiga cikin fitsari, tunda ana shafar tasoshin koda.
Tare da ciwan sukari masu tasowa, necrosis (necrosis) na kasusuwa na jiki da wasu abubuwa tare da shafar kayayyakin abinci masu guba a cikin jini suma halaye ne. Masu ciwon sukari kan sha wahala sau da yawa:
- purulent pathologies,
- myocardial infarction da hanji,
- shanyewar jiki
- cutuka masu rauni.
Duk waɗannan cututtuka na iya haɓaka ƙimar ƙwaƙwalwar erythrocyte. A wasu halaye, ƙwararrun ESR yakan faru ne sakamakon raunin gado.
Idan gwajin jini ya nuna ƙaruwa a cikin ƙwayar yawan tashin hankali na erythrocyte, kar a yi ƙararrawa. Kuna buƙatar sanin cewa ana kimanta sakamakon koyaushe a cikin kuzari, wato, dole ne a kwatanta shi da gwajin jini na baya. Abin da ESR ke faɗi - a cikin bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin.
