Don rage matakan glucose na jini, ana amfani da kwayoyi, mafi inganci daga cikinsu shine insulin. A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, lokacin da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta kasa ba da damar samar da buƙatar wannan hormone, insulin ita ce hanya daya tilo don adana lafiyar da rayuwar marasa lafiya.
Ana gudanar da insulin sosai kamar yadda likita ya umarta kuma a ƙarƙashin sarrafa sukari na jini. Lissafin kashi ya dogara da abubuwan da ke tattare da carbohydrates a cikin abinci. An ƙayyade tsarin kulawa da akayi daban-daban ga kowane mai haƙuri kuma ya dogara da bayanin martaba na glycemic.
Don ƙirƙirar taro na insulin kusa da na halitta, ana amfani da gajarta, matsakaici da tsawaita matakan aiki. Matsakaici na matsakaici sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen da kamfanin Danish Novo Nordisk - Protafan NM ya samar.
Fitar saki da kuma adana Protafan
Dakatarwar ya ƙunshi insulin - isophan, wato, insulin ɗan adam wanda aka samar da injiniyan kwayoyin.
1 ml daga ciki ya ƙunshi 3.5 MG. Bugu da ƙari, akwai abubuwa masu taimako: zinc, glycerin, sulfate protamine, phenol da ruwa don yin allura.
An gabatar da insulin Protafan hm a cikin nau'i biyu:
- Dakatarwa ga subcutaneous management na 100 IU / ml 10 ml a cikin vials an rufe shi da murfi na roba, mai rufi tare da alumomin gudu. Dole ne kwalban ya kasance da murfin filastik mai kariya. A cikin kunshin, ban da kwalban, akwai umarnin don amfani.
- Protafan NM Penfill - a cikin gilashin gilashin hydrolytic, an rufe shi da diski na roba a gefe ɗaya da pistons na roba a ɗayan. Don sauƙaƙe haɗuwa, an dakatar da fitarwa tare da ƙwallon gilashi.
- Kowane katun an hatimce a cikin takarda da za'a iya jefa Flexpen. Kunshin ya ƙunshi alkalami 5 da umarnin.
A cikin kwalba na 10 ml na Protafan insulin ya ƙunshi 1000 IU, kuma a cikin allon sikelin 3 ml - 300 IU. Lokacin tsayawa, dakatarwar an sanya shi cikin laka da ruwa mara launi, saboda haka dole ne a haɗu da abubuwan haɗin kafin amfani.
Don adana maganin, dole ne a sanya shi a kan shiryayyen tsakiyar firiji, zafin jiki wanda ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga digiri 2 zuwa 8. Ka nisanci daskarewa. Idan an buɗe kwalban ko katangar Protafan NM Penfill, to ana ajiye shi a zazzabi a ɗakuna, amma ba ya fi 25 ° C. Yin amfani da insulin Protafan dole ne a yi shi a cikin makonni 6.
Ba a adana Flexpen a cikin firiji, zazzabi don kula da kaddarorinta na magunguna kada ta kasance sama da digiri 30. Don kariya daga haske, dole ne a sa hula a hannu. Dole ne a kiyaye abin hannu daga lalacewa da lalacewa ta inji.
An tsabtace shi daga waje tare da auduga swab da aka tsinke a cikin barasa, ba za a iya nutsar dashi cikin ruwa ko lubricated ba, saboda wannan ya keta tsarin. Kar a sake cika alkalami da aka sake amfani dashi.
An dakatar da dakatarwar da penlill a cikin katako ko alkalami ana bayar da su daga kantin magunguna ta hanyar takardar sayan magani.
Farashin insulin a cikin nau'in alkalami (Flexpen) ya wuce na Protafan NM Penfill. Mafi ƙarancin farashin dakatarwa a cikin kwalabe.
Yadda ake amfani da Protafan?
Ana gudanar da insulin Protafan NM ne kawai a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Ba a bada shawarar gudanar da aikin jijiyoyin ciki da na ciki ba. Ba'a amfani dashi don cika famfan insulin. Tabbatar duba hula mai kariya lokacin siye a cikin kantin magani. Idan ba ya nan ko kwance, kar a yi amfani da insulin.
Ana ganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ba su dace ba idan an keta yanayin ajiya ko ya daskarewa, kuma idan bayan haɗuwa ya zama bai yi kama da juna ba - fari ko girgije.
Yin aikin insulin na cikin ƙasa yana yin shi takamaiman tare da sirinji insulin ko alkalami. Lokacin amfani da sirinji, kuna buƙatar yin nazarin sikelin raka'a aiki. Sannan, ana jan iska zuwa cikin sirinji kafin a rarraba sassan shawarar insulin. An bada shawara a mirgine murfin don motsawar dakatarwar da tafin hannuwanku. An gabatar da Protafan ne kawai bayan dakatarwar ta zama mai kama da juna.
Flexpen shine alkalami mai cika sirinji tare da ikon bayarwa daga raka'a 1 zuwa 60. Ana amfani dashi tare da NovoFayn ko NovoTvist needles. Tsawon allura shine 8 mm.
Yin amfani da alkairin sirinji ana aiwatar da shi bisa ka'idoji masu zuwa:
- Duba tambarin da amincin sabon alkalami.
- Kafin amfani, insulin yakamata ya kasance a zazzabi a daki.
- Cire kwallan kuma matsar da rike sau 20 domin ƙwallon gilashi na iya motsawa tare da kicin.
- Wajibi ne a haxa maganin don ya zama kamar girgije.
- Kafin allura ta gaba, kuna buƙatar motsa abin riƙewa sama da ƙasa aƙalla sau 10.
Bayan shirya dakatarwa, ana yin allurar nan da nan. Don ƙirƙirar dakatarwar uniform a cikin alkalami ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 12 IU na insulin. Idan babu adadin da ake buƙata, to dole ne a yi amfani da sabon abu.
Don haɗa allura, an cire sandar kariya kuma an zage allurar a aljihun syringe da ƙarfi. Sannan kuna buƙatar cire haɗin murfin waje, sannan na ciki.
Don hana kumfa iska daga shiga cikin allurar, buga lambobi 2 ta juyawa mai zaɓin kashi. Sannan nuna allura sama da matsa kwalin don sakin kumfa. Latsa maɓallin farawa gaba ɗaya, yayin da mai zaɓa ya koma sifili.
Idan digo na insulin ya bayyana a ƙarshen allura, zaku iya yin allura. Idan babu digo, canza allura. Bayan canza allura sau shida, dole ne a soke amfanin alkalami, saboda yana da lahani.
Domin tabbatar da samarda sinadarin insulin, ya zama dole a bi irin wadannan ayyuka:
Selectan zaɓe an saita zuwa sifili.
- Juya mai zabi a kowane bangare don zaɓar kashi ta haɗa shi tare da maɓallin. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku iya danna maɓallin farawa ba.
- Takeauki fata a cikin shafawa ka saka allura a cikin gindin ta a kwana na 45.
- Latsa maɓallin "Fara" har ya zuwa "0" ya bayyana.
- Bayan an saka shi, allura dole ne ya kasance a karkashin fata na tsawon dakika 6 don samun dukkanin insulin. Lokacin cire allura, dole ne a riƙe maɓallin farawa a ƙasa.
- Sanya hula a allura kuma bayan hakan za'a iya cire shi.
Ba'a ba da shawarar adana Flexpen tare da allura ba, tunda insulin na iya zubowa. Yakamata a zubar da allura a hankali, a guji allurar bazata. Duk sirinji da alkalami don amfanin kai kaɗai.
Mafi yawan shan insulin a hankali ana shigar da shi cikin fata cinya, kuma hanya mafi sauri ta gudanarwa tana cikin ciki. Don allura, zaku iya zaɓar gluteus ko ƙyalƙyalin ƙwayar kafada.
Dole a canza wurin yin allurar domin kada ya lalata kitsen mai ƙonawa.
Dalilin da sashi
Insulin ya fara aiki awoyi 1.5 bayan gamawa, ya kai matsakaici a cikin awanni 4-12, an kebe shi a cikin rana. Babban mahimmancin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi shine ciwon sukari.
Hanyar aikin hypoglycemic na Protafan yana da alaƙa da gudanar da glucose a cikin sel da kuma ƙarfafa glycolysis don makamashi. Insulin yana rage rushewar glycogen da samuwar glucose a cikin hanta. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar Protafan, ana adana glycogen a cikin ajiyar cikin tsokoki da hanta.
Protafan NM yana kunna aikin haɗin furotin da haɓaka, rarrabuwa a cikin sel, yana rage rushewar furotin, saboda wanda ake nuna tasirinsa na anabolic. Insulin yana shafar ƙwayar adipose, yana rage jinkirin mai da haɓaka ajiyarsa.
Ana amfani dashi galibi a cikin sauyawa don maganin cututtukan insulin-insulin na nau'in 1. Kasa da sau da yawa, an wajabta shi ga marasa lafiya na nau'in na biyu yayin ayyukan tiyata, haɗuwa da cututtukan cututtuka, yayin daukar ciki.
Ciki, kamar lactation, ba contraindication bane don amfanin wannan insulin. Ba ya ƙetare cikin mahaifa kuma ba zai iya isa ga jariri tare da madara ba. Amma a lokacin daukar ciki da ciyarwa, kuna buƙatar zaɓa a hankali kuma ku daidaita sashi koyaushe don daidaita matsayin glucose a cikin jini.
Ana iya tsara Protafan NM duka biyu daban-daban kuma a hade tare da insulin sauri ko gajere. Yawan yana dogara da matakin sukari da kuma hankali ga miyagun ƙwayoyi. Tare da kiba da balaga, a yawan zafin jiki yana sama. Hakanan yana kara buƙatar insulin a cikin cututtuka na tsarin endocrine.
Rashin isasshen ƙarfin, juriya na insulin ko watsi yana haifar da hauhawar jini tare da alamu masu zuwa:
- Jin ya tashi.
- Rashin rauni.
- Cutar ciki ta zama mafi yawan lokuta.
- Abun ci.
- Akwai kamshin acetone daga bakin.
Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka na iya ƙaruwa a cikin 'yan awanni kaɗan, idan ba a rage sukari ba, to marasa lafiya na iya haɓaka ketoacidosis masu ciwon sukari, suna haifar da mummunan sakamako, musamman tare da ciwon sukari na 1.
Sakamakon sakamako na Protafan NM
Hypoglycemia, ko digo a cikin sukari na jini, shine mafi yawan haɗari da haɗari na sakamako masu amfani da inulin. Yana faruwa tare da babban kashi, ƙaruwa ta jiki, abincin da aka rasa.
Lokacin da aka biya matakan sukari, alamun hypoglycemia na iya canzawa. Tare da kula da ciwon sukari na dogon lokaci, marasa lafiya sun rasa ikonsu don gane farkon raguwar sukari. Magunguna da aka yi amfani da su don saukar da hawan jini, musamman waɗanda ba a zaɓi beta-blockers da kwantar da hankali ba, na iya canza alamun farko.
Sabili da haka, ana ba da shawarar akai-akai na matakan sukari, musamman a farkon mako na amfani da Protafan NM ko lokacin da ake juyawa da shi daga wani insulin.
Na farko alamun ragewan sukari na jini a kasa na al'ada na iya zama:
- Kwantar da hankali kwatsam, ciwon kai.
- Jin damuwa, rashin damuwa.
- Harin yunwa.
- Haɗaɗɗa.
- Remarfin hannu.
- Saurin hauhawa da hauhawar zuciya.
A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, tare da hypoglycemia saboda rikicewa a cikin aikin kwakwalwa, disorientation, rikicewa ya haɓaka, wanda zai haifar da coma.
Don cire marasa lafiya daga hypoglycemia a cikin lokuta masu laushi, ana bada shawara don shan sukari, zuma ko glucose, ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai zaki. Idan hankalin mai rauni, 40% glucose da glucagon ana allurar dasu cikin jijiya. Don haka kuna buƙatar abinci dauke da carbohydrates mai sauƙi.
Tare da rashin haƙuri na insulin, halayen rashin lafiyan mutum na iya faruwa a cikin nau'in ƙwayar cuta, dermatitis, urticaria, a lokuta mafi wuya, girgiza anaphylactic. Abubuwan da ke tattare da sakamako a farkon farawa za a iya bayyana ta hanyar cin zarafin tunani da haɓakar retinopathy, kumburi, lalacewar ƙwayoyin jijiya a cikin nau'i mai raɗaɗi na neuropathy.
A cikin makon farko na maganin insulin, kumburi, sweating, ciwon kai, rashin bacci, tashin zuciya, da bugun zuciya na iya karuwa. Bayan samun amfani da magani, waɗannan alamomin suna raguwa.
Zai iya zama kumburi, amaa, redness, ko birgewa a wurin allurar insulin.
Abun Harkokin Magunguna
Gudanar da magunguna a lokaci guda na iya inganta sakamakon insulin. Waɗannan sun haɗa da inhibitors na monoamine oxidase (Pyrazidol, Moclobemide, Silegilin), magungunan antihypertensive: Enap, Kapoten, Lisinopril, Ramipril.
Hakanan, yin amfani da bromocriptine, steroids anabolic, Colfibrate, Ketoconazole da Vitamin B6 suna kara haɗarin haɗarin hypoglycemia tare da ilimin insulin.
Magungunan cututtukan ciki suna da tasirin haka: glucocorticosteroids, hormones thyroid, maganin hana haihuwa, maganin tricyclic antidepressants da thiazide diuretics.
Ana iya buƙatar haɓakar yawan insulin lokacin da yake tsara Heparin, allunan tashar alli, Danazole da Clonidine. Bidiyo a wannan labarin zai ƙara samar da bayanai game da insulin instofan.
