Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ciwon sukari an dauke shi cutar da ke da alaƙa da shekaru - a ƙuruciya,' yan ƙalilan ne suka wahala daga hakan. Abin takaici, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan akwai dabi'ar bunkasa ciwon sukari a cikin ƙuruciya ta adalci. Dalilan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar a cikin tsofaffi da matasa sun bambanta: idan tare da shekaru wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan bushewar jiki gaba ɗaya, gami da huhun ƙwayoyin cuta, to a cikin ƙungiyar matasa wannan ya faru ne sakamakon rashi na insulin. A baya, ana kiran wannan nau'in ciwon suga - "mellitus-insulin-insulin-based diabetes diabetes." Yanzu ya zama mafi yawan gama gari - nau'in ciwon sukari na 1. Cutar cuta ce da ke ɗauke da cutar sikila.
Ma'anar kalmomin: hyperglycemia alama ce ta asibiti wanda ke nuna haɓaka abubuwan glucose (sukari) a cikin jini.
Babban bambanci tsakanin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 shine cewa a cikin na biyu, jiki yana iya samar da insulin da kansa kuma, saboda haka, sannu a hankali yana rage sukarin jini. A cikin nau'in cutar ta farko, ba a samar da insulin da kansa kuma mai haƙuri ya dogara ne kai tsaye daga shan magunguna masu rage sukari da allurar insulin.
Nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus yawanci yana farawa da irin wannan yanayin cutar da mai haƙuri zai iya harba sunan ranar da alamun farko na hauhawar jini suka bayyana:
- Bakin bushewa;
- Matattu;
- Urin saurin hanzari.
Rage nauyi mai nauyi, wani lokacin yakan kai kilogiram 10-15 a wata, shima yana daga cikin alamun cututtukan type 1 na ciwon suga.
Don tabbatar da ganewar asali, an wajabta nazarin kwayoyin halitta na jini da fitsari. Idan gwaje-gwajen suka nuna kasancewar sukarin jini mai yawa, kuma acetone da glucose suna nan a cikin fitsari, an tabbatar da cutar.
Ciwon sukari na nau'in 1 cuta ce ta autoimmune, kuma ana haɗa ta sau da yawa tare da cututtuka masu kama da wannan - yaduwar goiter mai guba (Cutar cuta), autoimmune thyroiditis.
Course na cutar
Duk da matsananciyar damuwa, ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin da kansa yana tasowa a hankali. A latent, latent lokacin wani lokaci yana ɗaukar shekaru da yawa. Kuma sai kawai lokacin da halakar β-sel ta kai 80% sai alamun bayyanar cututtuka suka fara bayyana.
Ma'anar kalmomin: β - sel - ɗayan nau'ikan sel na endocrine pancreas. Kwayoyin Beta suna samar da insulin na hormone, wanda ke rage glucose jini.
A cikin ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, an bambanta matakai shida:
- Matsayin kwayoyin halitta. Ya kamata a sani cewa kawai 2-5% na mutanen da ke da halin gado don nau'in ciwon sukari 1 da gaske suna samun shi. Don samun ingantattun bayanai game da yadda ake kamuwa da cutar, ya zama dole a gudanar da bincike kan alamun alamomin cutar. Kasancewar antigens na HLA yana nuna cewa haɗarin haɓakar ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin ya yi yawa sosai. A cikin magani, wannan alamar ta bayyana 5-10 shekaru kafin bayyanuwar bayyanar cututtuka na farko na cutar.
- Farkon tsarin sarrafa kansa. Abubuwan da ke cikin waje waɗanda zasu iya haifar da farkon cutar na iya zama - cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo guda biyu (mumps, rubella, cytomegalovirus), magunguna, damuwa, abinci mai gina jiki - amfani da cakuda madara tare da kariyar dabbobi a cikin abun da ke ciki, samfuran dauke da nitrosamines. A cikin 60% na lokuta, abubuwan da ke cikin waje ne suka zama maɓallin Farawa don haɓaka nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari. Har yanzu ba a lalata insulin na insulin na pancreatic ba a wannan matakin, amma gwajin rigakafi ya riga ya ƙaddara kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi.
- Haɓaka tsarin rigakafi. Wani lokaci ana kiran shi insulin autologous. A wannan matakin, har yanzu babu wasu canje-canje na rayuwa, amma lalata sannu-sannu game da sel beta ke fara faruwa. A cikin jini akwai takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi na jiki zuwa ga bangarori daban-daban na sel-sel-anti-anti-insulin. Matatar ba ta da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. A cikin ganewar asali (yawanci gwajin haƙuri glucose na ciki), ana gano asarar kashi na farko na ɓoye insulin.
- Mai tsananin rigakafi na rigakafi - cututtukan ƙwayar cutar sankara na mellitus. Kodayake rashin kyawun yanayin glucose, har yanzu babu alamun alamun cutar ciwon suga. Wani gwajin haƙuri na glucose na baka yana nuna karuwa a cikin glucose mai azumi, wanda lalacewa ta lalata kusan rabin ƙwayoyin β-sel. Sau da yawa marasa lafiya a wannan matakin suna koka game da zazzabin cizon sauro, maimaitawar cututtukan furunlera, conjunctivitis.
- Bayyanar sukari mellitus na nau'in farko tare da keɓewar insulin. A wannan matakin, duk alamun asibiti na cutar suna bayyana cikakke. Cutar tana da muni - ba tare da kulawa da kyau ba, bayan makonni 2 wani mummunan yanayin yana tasowa - ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari. Halakar β-sel ya kai kashi 80-90%, amma, har yanzu ɓoye ɓarin insulin ɗin har yanzu ana kiyaye shi. Idan aka fara samar da insulin na lokaci, a wasu majinyacin to ana fara samun kwanciyar hankali game da cutar - “amaryar”, wacce take da ɗan buƙatar insulin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta.
- Bayyanar sukari mellitus tare da cikakken rashi insulin - yawan ciwon sukari. Halakar β-sel ta kai matakin ƙima, ƙwaƙwalwar insulin gabaɗaya jikin ta dakatar dashi. Ba za a iya amfani da metabolism na yau da kullun ba tare da allurai na yau da kullun ba.
Ba a kowane hali na nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ba, ana lura da irin wannan ci gaba na cutar.
Jiyya don ciwon sukari-dogara da ciwon sukari mellitus
Kula da ciwon sukari na 1 shine mafi tsananin rage cin abinci da allurar insulin na yau da kullun ko shan magunguna masu rage sukari. Abin baƙin ciki, ciwon sukari ba magani bane. Makasudin magani shine kiyaye lafiyar al'ada da kuma hana faruwar rikice-rikice.
Idan an kirkiri adadin insulin daidai, babu wasu bambance-bambance na musamman daga menu na mutum na yau da kullun. Muhimmin bambanci shine buƙatar ƙididdige adadin ƙwayoyin carbohydrates masu sauƙin narkewa. Wannan yana ba ku damar lissafin adadin insulin da ake buƙata gwargwadon iko.
Ka'idojin abinci mai gina jiki:
- Abinci ya kamata ya bambanta da wuri;
- Abincin da ya fi dacewa - aƙalla sau 4 a rana, a cikin ƙaramin rabo;
- Matsakaicin yanki na kowane abinci shine adadin kuzari 500-600, idan akwai buƙatar rage nauyi, to ko da ƙasa;
- Yawan carbohydrates na iya ƙaruwa yayin ƙoƙarin jiki - tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasar, horo;
- Wajibi ne a bayar da fifiko ga kwanon abinci. M, soyayyen, yaji, kyafaffen - kawai a cikin iyaka mai iyaka.
Mahimmanci! Kada ku tsallake abinci tare da ciwon sukari a kowane yanayi. Kamar wuce gona da iri.
Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga samfurori masu daɗin zaƙi - wasunsu suna ɗauke da adadin kuzari ƙasa da sukari. Abincin da ke da kalori kadan-kadan sun hada da aspartame, saccharide, stevioside, cyclamate. Fructose, xylitol da sorbitol suna dauke da adadin kuzari. Kada a manta cewa ana yin lamuran zaƙi yayin yin lissafin allurai, ƙari ba komai mai sauki bane, lahani da fa'idodin fructose kusan iri ɗaya ne!
Yana da wuya musamman a lizimta ga abincin da ke ci ga yara da matasa. A wani ɓangare na iyaye, sanya idanu akai-akai wajibi ne don jariri kada ya ci abinci an haramta shi kuma kada ya tsokani rikitarwa.
Samfura waɗanda aka haramta su sosai cikin cututtukan sukari na farkon nau'ikan: cakulan, biscuits, sukari, jam, Sweets da makamantan su, dauke da adadin ƙwayoyin carbohydrates mai narkewa. Daga 'ya'yan itatuwa - inabi.
Dole ne a kirga yawan adadin insulin ga kowane abinci guda ɗaya da na yau da kullun, koda kuwa menu na jiya basu da bambanci sosai da yau. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda gaskiyar cewa buƙatar insulin na iya canzawa yayin rana.
Hankali! Barasa!
Doaramin allurai na barasa don ciwon sukari na 1 ba a haramta ba. Hadarin shan barasa a cikin masu zuwa shine lokacin da mutum ya bugu, bazai iya sarrafa yanayinsa ba kuma koyaushe yana lura da alamun haɗari na karuwar sukarin jini a cikin lokaci kuma basu da lokacin yin allurar insulin.
Bugu da ƙari, yanayin hypoglycemic da alamu sun yi daidai da alamun maye - kalaman rikice-rikice, rikicewar motsi na motsi. Kuma idan wannan yanayin ya fara a wurin jama'a, ƙanshi na barasa ba zai ba wasu damar tantance haɗarin ga rayuwar ɗan adam akan lokaci ba. Dangane da haka, lokacin da ake buƙata domin ceton rai an rasa.
Aiki na Jiki
Aiki na jiki wani yanayi ne na da babu makawa a rayuwa ta kowa da kowa. A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, motsa jiki ba a contraindicated, amma akwai wasu dokoki don yin su da amfani ne sosai ga jiki.
- Na farko mulkin. Za'a iya aiwatar da aikin motsa jiki kawai daga tushen biyan diyya na tsawon lokaci don ciwon sukari. A matakin sukari na jini fiye da 15 mmol / l, motsa jiki ya saba.
- Na biyu mulki. Tare da kaya masu aiki - ilimin motsa jiki, iyo, ko da disko - kuna buƙatar cin 1 X.E. kowane rabin sa'a. bugu da .ari. Zai iya zama yanki na burodi, apple.
- Na uku mulki. Idan aiki na jiki ya isa sosai, ya zama dole don rage kashi na insulin da kashi 20-50%. Idan hypoglycemia har yanzu sanya kanta ji, to, zai fi kyau rama da shi ta hanyar shan narkewa a cikin carbohydrates sauƙi - ruwan 'ya'yan itace, sugary yanã shã
- Mulkin Na Hudu Ana yin motsa jiki sosai awanni kaɗan bayan babban abincin. A wannan lokacin, yiwuwar haɓakar ƙwararrakin ƙwayar cuta yana da ƙasa.
- Na biyar mulki. Ayyukan jiki ya kamata yin la'akari da halaye na mutum na haƙuri - shekaru, dacewa, lafiyar gaba ɗaya.
Tabbatar da shan isasshen ƙwayar ruwa, saboda yayin motsa jiki asarar ƙwayar ruwa a jiki yana ƙaruwa. Kuna buƙatar gamawa da azuzuwan ta hanyar rage ƙarfin darussan motsawa, motsawa zuwa mafi nutsuwa. Wannan zai bawa jiki damar sanyaya a hankali kuma ya shiga yanayin annashuwa.
