Harshen fuka da ciwon suga na cikin jiki suna faruwa ne ta fuskar tsarin ƙwayar cuta. Ciwon sukari mellitus yana haɓaka azaman cutar kansa mai ƙwayar cuta tare da samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na kansa. A cikin ƙwayar fuka, ƙwayar tsirrai, abinci, gashin dabbobi, da ƙwayoyin cuta suna zama maganin rigakafi.
A cikin nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin wadannan cututtukan, an gano cewa, yanayin yana shafar ci gaban duka nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na mellitus da kuma cututtukan mahaifa da ke da ƙwayar cuta. Hadarin asma a cikin masu ciwon sukari ya fi wanda mutane ke fama da cututtukan kansa.
Hakanan akwai haɗarin gurɓataccen ƙwayar narkewar ƙwayar ƙwayar jiki don asthmatics waɗanda ke amfani da glucocorticosteroids don magani. Tare da wannan haɗin gwiwa, haɓakar ciwon sukari, kamar rikitarwa na maganin steroid, ba shi da yawa fiye da cututtukan osteoporosis ko wasu sakamako masu illa, amma duk abubuwan steroids da masu karɓar beta-receptor suna kara dagula yanayin ciwon sukari mai gudana.
Sanadin ci gaba da alamomin cutar sankara
Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari, musamman nau'in farko, shine tsinkayen gado, kasancewar cutar sankara a mahaifa yana ƙara haɗarin haɓaka yaro da sama da kashi 40.
Don nau'in 1 na sukari mellitus, akwai kuma haɗin tare da cututtukan cututtukan da suka gabata ko cututtukan autoimmune. Ciwon sukari na iya zama rikitarwa na tarin cututtukan kansa da ke haifar da kumburi ko ciwan hanji.
Damuwa mai tabin hankali, harma da cututtukan tsarin endocrine - glandon thyroid, glandon adrenal ko glandar pituitary, suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa a daidaituwar yanayin halittar jiki da kuma kara yawan abubuwan da ke cikin jijiyoyin jini a cikin jini.
Nau'in marassa lafiyar insulin-non-insulin-wanda yake dogaro da kansa yawanci yakan taso ne saboda dalilai masu zuwa:
- A cikin mutane bayan shekaru 45
- Tare da kiba, musamman nau'in kiba.
- Atherosclerosis, babban cholesterol da dyslipidemia.
- Hawan jini.
- Shan magunguna - hormones, beta-blockers, thiazide diuretics.
Don ganewar asali na nau'in 1 mellitus na ciwon sukari, ana la'akari da alamun yau da kullun: karuwar rauni, karuwar urination, karuwar fitowar fitsari cikin dare, asarar nauyi. Notedara yawan kuzarin urinate an lura. Marasa lafiya suna jin ƙishirwa da bushewar bushewa, wanda ba ya barin bayan ciwan ruwa.
Rashin tausayi mai lalacewa, yanayin motsi, da tashin hankali, tare da gajiya da nutsuwa a cikin ciwon sukari, suna nuna raunin glucose a cikin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, a matsayin sashin da yafi kulawa da tamowa.
Increasedara yawan matakan glucose a cikin jini yana haifar da ƙoshin fata da haɓakar ƙwayoyin mucous, ciki har da cikin perineum. Additionarin cututtukan fungal a cikin hanyar candidiasis yana haɓaka wannan alamar.
Bugu da kari, marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari suna koka da yawan numfashi ko ƙoshin ƙafa da hannaye, rashes akan fatar, furunlera, ciwon zuciya da canji a cikin hawan jini.
Idan alamun bayyanar suna da abin da ya faru na lokaci-lokaci da bushewa, to cutar za ta iya faruwa a ƙarshen - yayin haɓakar rikitarwa (ketoacidosis).
A cikin marasa lafiya da cutar hawan jini, tashin zuciya, amai da ciwon ciki na haɓaka, ƙanshi na acetone yana bayyana a cikin iska mai ƙarfi, tare da ƙimar ketoacidosis mai nauyi, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta lalace, mai haƙuri ya faɗi cikin farin ciki, tare da raɗaɗi da matsanancin rashin ruwa.
Don tabbatar da bayyanar cutar sankara, ana yin gwajin jini na azumi - tare da ciwon sukari, glucose ya fi 6.1 mmol / l, lokacin amfani da gwajin haƙuri na glucose 2 sa'o'i bayan motsa jiki, ya fi 7.8 mmol / l. Baya ga wannan, ana gwada takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta, haemoglobin na glycated.
Yanayi da alamomin asma
Asma na dantse yana faruwa tare da matsanancin ƙwayar jijiyoyin jiki a ƙarƙashin tasirin takamaiman tsokani. Yana da mahimmancin kwayoyin halitta game da haɓaka a cikin nau'i na tsinkayar gado zuwa ga halayen halayen.
Ana iya tsokanar sa ta hanyar shan sigari, ƙara yawan ƙwayar bronchi zuwa gurɓataccen iska ta ƙura, iskar gas, da gurɓatar sharar masana'antu. Asma yawanci yakan faru ne bayan kamuwa da cuta ko kwayan cuta, cututtukan zuciya, tsananin aiki na jiki, da raunin kirji.
Wani alama ce ta asma wata tari ce da ke dauke da cutar asma, gajeriyar numfashi, halayyar hauka da huɗawa a cikin ƙwayar.
Don ƙwayar asma, alamomin ganewar asali sune:
- Tsarin iyali (fuka, atopic dermatitis, zazzabin hay, rhinitis).
- Abubuwan da ke faruwa na rashin lafiyar jiki bayan saduwa da tsire-tsire ko dabbobi, tare da cututtukan numfashi.
- Haɗuwa da kumburin fuka suna ƙaruwa da dare, bayan ƙoƙarin jiki, canjin yanayi.
Harshen fuka a cikin ciwon sukari yana faruwa sau da yawa tare da farkon, nau'in insulin-dogara. Babu wata ƙungiya tsakanin nau'in ciwon sukari guda 2 da kuma cutar asma.
Asma da ke fama da ciwon suga
A cikin marasa lafiya da asma waɗanda ke da ciwon sikari na steroid, hanyar asma yawanci mai tsanani ce, wanda shine dalilin ƙaddamar da steroids systemic. Yin amfani da su a cikin babban allurai ko na dogon lokaci yana haifar da kiba. Wuce kima a jiki na iya haifar da rashin lafiya na huhu da daddare ko wahala a tari. Kiba kuma yana kara yawan bayyanar cututtukan sukari.
A cikin yawancin marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka, suna yin amfani da su don kawar da cututtukan fuka kamar su glucocorticosteroids inhaled. A cikin wasu marasa lafiya, wannan baya bayar da tasirin da ake so a cikin hanyar fadada bronchi, koda lokacin amfani da steroids a ciki ko azaman injections.
Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya ana ɗauka masu maganin steroid. Ana la'akari da juriya na steroid idan an tilasta ƙarar da aka kwantar a cikin s 1 (kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar spirometry) - FEV 1 baya ƙaruwa da sama da 15% ta hanyar inhalation na betamimetic bayan shan 40 mg na prednisolone kowace rana har mako guda.
Don ganewar asma-da ke tsayayya da asma, ana bukatar gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:
- Nazarin aikin huhu da kuma bayanan Tiffno.
- Saita jigilar kwalliyar tagulla bayan 200 mcg na salbutamol.
- Yi gwajin tarihin.
- Tare da bronchoscopy, bincika matakin eosinophils, cytology da biopsy na bronchi.
- Bayan makonni 2 na ɗaukar Prednisolone, maimaita gwaje gwaje.
Wannan bambance-bambancen na yanayin ƙwayar cuta na hanji yana da alaƙa ta hanyar hare-hare akai-akai da mai tsanani waɗanda ke buƙatar asibiti, gami da ɗakunan kulawa mai zurfi, raguwa ga darajar rayuwa.
Saboda haka, ban da inhalation na steroids, ana amfani da irin waɗannan marasa lafiya ta baki ko ta allura. Irin wannan magani yana haifar da cutar Itenko-Cushing da ciwon sukari na steroid. Mafi yawan lokuta, mata masu shekaru 18 zuwa 30 suna rashin lafiya.
Siffofin lura da asma a ciwon sukari
Babban matsalar magance cututtukan asma da ke haifar da ciwon suga shine amfani da magungunan da ake shawa, tunda beta-receptor masu haɓakawa a cikin bronchi da tsarin corticosteroid suna ƙara yawan sukarin jini.
Glucocorticosteroids yana ƙaruwa da rushewar glycogen da samuwar glucose a cikin hanta, betamimetics yana rage haɓakar insulin. Salbutamol, ban da ƙara yawan glucose na jini, yana ƙaruwa da haɗarin rikitarwa kamar ketoacidosis mai ciwon sukari. Maganin Terbutaline yana haɓaka matakan sukari ta hanyar ƙarfafa haɓakar glucagon, wanda shine maganin antulinist.
Marasa lafiya suna ɗaukar ƙwayar tsohuwar beta kamar yadda inhalation ba su da wahala su sha wahala daga hypoglycemia fiye da waɗanda ke amfani da magungunan steroid. Abu ne mai sauki a gare su su kula da matakin sukari mai tsayayyen jini.
Jiyya da kariya daga rikicewar asma da ciwon sukari sun dogara da waɗannan ka'idodi:
- Lura daga likitancin endocrinologist da kuma likitan huhu, masilar ƙwayar cuta.
- Abincin da ya dace da kuma hana kiba.
- Kula da ayyukan jiki.
- Controluntataccen sarrafa sukari na jini lokacin amfani da steroids.
Ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka, cikakkiyar daina shan sigari wajibi ne, tun da wannan dalilin yakan haifar da kai hare-hare na yawan shan wahala kuma yana haifar da keta yanayin jini, vasospasm. A cikin ciwon sukari mellitus, a cikin yanayi na angiopathy, shan taba yana kara haɗarin haɓakar ciwon sukari, cututtukan zuciya, lalata ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da gazawar koda.
Don alƙawarin glucocorticosteroids a allunan tare da aikin haɗin gwiwa na ciwon sukari mellitus da fuka-fuka, dole ne a sami tabbatattun alamun. Waɗannan sun haɗa da harin asma da ba a kulawa da su, rashin tasirin sakamako daga amfani da steroids inhalations.
Ga marasa lafiya waɗanda an riga an tsara su don maganin glucocorticoid a cikin allunan ko suna buƙatar babban adadin kwayoyin ba, an nuna Prednisolone bai wuce kwanaki goma ba. Ana yin lissafin kashin ne a kowace kilo kilogram na nauyin jiki a rana, babu fiye da 1-2 a kowace kilogiram.
Dalilin da ya fi dacewa don haɓakar ciwon sukari steroid da rikice-rikice na wani cuta mai gudana shine alƙawarin magungunan steroid waɗanda zasu iya haifar da ɓoye cikin jiki. Wadannan magungunan suna lalata aikin glandon adrenal; ba za a iya rubuta su a takaice ba. Irin waɗannan magungunan sun hada da: Dexamethasone, Polcortolone da Kenalog.
Fa'idodin yin amfani da asma da ciwon suga sune:
- Mafi amincin magungunan da ake shan inshora da ke tattare da steroid shine Budesonide. Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin yara da manya, kamar yadda kuma an wajabta shi ga mata masu juna biyu.
- Za a iya amfani da Pulmicort a cikin nau'i na nebul daga shekara 1, wanda aka yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci, wanda zai ba ka damar ƙin Allunan Prednisolone. An wajabta bushewar foda a cikin turbuhaler daga shekaru 6.
- Jiyya tare da fluticasone propionate a cikin nebulas na iya ɗaukar nau'in monotherapy kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin takardar sayan magunguna na tsari.
Lokacin da ake nazarin tasirin ultraviolet haskoki kan rigakafin ci gaban cututtuka tare da ba da kariya ga rigakafi, an gano cewa samuwar bitamin D a cikin fata yana rage haɗarin ciwon sukari. Sabili da haka, yara underan ƙasa da shekara ɗaya waɗanda ke shan bitamin A don rigakafin ƙwayar cuta ba sa iya kamuwa da ciwon sukari.
An nuna Vitamin D ga duk marasa lafiya da ke daukar prednisolone don hana osteoporosis, wanda shine yawanci sakamako ne na steroids.
Don hana rikice rikice na ciwon sukari a cikin maganin cututtukan fuka-fuka, an shawarci marasa lafiya da su bi abinci tare da ƙuntatawa na carbohydrates mai sauƙi da abinci wanda zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyan ƙwayar cuta.
Kullum saka idanu akan matakan metabolism na metabolism da daidaitawa sashi yayin da yake tsara glucocorticoids ya zama dole. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da hanyar inhalation na gudanarwa, kuma idan ya cancanta, gudanar da magani tare da prednisolone a cikin gajeren karatun. Don haɓaka matakin motsa jiki, ana bada shawarar motsa jiki da motsa jiki na numfashi don ciwon sukari. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai bayyana dalilin da yasa ashma ke da haɗari a cikin ciwon sukari.
