Matsayi na glucose a cikin jini shine ɗayan alamun da ke nuna daidaitowar yanayin yanayin ciki, yana nuna daidaito na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, kuma kusan dukkanin tsarin endocrine da kwakwalwa suna cikin kulawa.
Rage glucose na jini mai yiwuwa ne saboda kawai hormone - insulin. A al'ada, an fesa shi a cikin adadi kaɗan koyaushe, kuma a cikin martani ga abinci, ainihin sakinsa ya ba da damar glucose ya shiga cikin sel kuma ya shiga cikin halayen makamashi. Hormones na adrenal gland, glandon thyroid da glucagon daga ƙwayoyin alpha na panasteric suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar glycemia.
Ana nuna ma'aunin cutar glycemia ga duk mutanen da ke cikin manya da tsufa aƙalla lokaci 1 a cikin shekara, kuma idan mutum yana cikin haɗari don haɓaka ciwon sukari, to mafi yawan lokuta. Hakanan za'a bincika sukari na jini yayin da alamun suka bayyana wanda za'a iya ɗauka azaman alamun farko na ciwon sukari
Yaya ake sarrafa glucose na jini?
Glucose na jikin mutum yana aiki azaman kayan makamashi. Abincin da yake ci a jikin mutum ya dogara da irin abincin da ya kunshi carbohydrates.
A lokaci guda, yawan shigar azzakari cikin shiga jini yana kasancewa ne ta tsari - daga sauki carbohydrates ana farawa ne ko da bakin ciki, kuma hadaddun abubuwa sune farkon amylase ya lalata, sannan glucose daga cikinsu shima ya shiga jini.
Sannan ƙwayoyin suna amfani da wani ɓangare na glucose don halayen ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ana sanya mafi yawan shi a cikin hanta a matsayin glycogen don amfani dashi don karuwar damuwa ta jiki ko ta hankali, rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
Hakanan, ana aiwatar da ka'idar glycemia ta waɗannan hanyoyin:
- Abubuwan da ke cikin insulin-kashin da ke dogara da su (hanta, tsokoki da tsopose nama) a cikin tantanin halitta yana faruwa ne bayan haɗin insulin tare da takamaiman mai karɓa.
- Rushewar glycogen da samuwar sababbin kwayoyin glucose a cikin hanta an tsara shi ta hanyar insulin.
- Haɓakar insulin da kuma ɗaukar glucose ta kyallen takarda ya dogara da aikin tsarin kulawa na neuroendocrine: ƙwayar tsoka da glandar gland, da kuma ƙwayar kumburi da ta hanji.
Tare da haɓaka glucose na jini, ƙwayar insulin yana ƙaruwa. Wannan na faruwa ne ta hanyar motsawar kai tsaye ta kwayoyin glucose na sel islet na pancreas. Hanya ta biyu don tasiri sakin insulin shine don kunna masu karɓa a cikin hypothalamus, waɗanda ke kula da matakan glucose.
Insulin ya umarci hanta da ta samarda glycogen daga glucose din jini, kuma sel su sha. Sakamakon haka, sukari na jini ya ragu. Maganin antagonist shine hormone na biyu (glucagon). Idan an rage matakin glucose, to glucagon yana shiga cikin jini kuma yana kunna rushewar shagunan glycogen da samuwar sabon glucose a cikin hanta.
Hormones daga adrenal medulla, wanda ya haɗa da norepinephrine da adrenaline, glucocorticoids daga cortex, suna da irin wannan tasirin ga glucagon. Hormone girma da kuma thyroxine (hormone thyroid) na iya kara yawan cutar glycemia.
Wannan shine, duk kwayoyin da aka saki a lokacin damuwa, haɓaka aiki na tsarin juyayi mai juyayi yana haɓaka sukari na jini, kuma babban sautin ɓangaren parasympathetic yana da tasirin (rage ƙasa).
Saboda haka, dare mai zurfi da sanyin safiya a tsakiyar rinjayar tasirin parasympathetic, mafi ƙarancin glucose.
Guban jini
Ana aiwatar da hanyar farko ta binciken sukari bayan hutu na awa 8 a cikin abinci, galibi da safe. Kafin binciken, ba za ku iya shan kofi ba, shan taba, kunna wasanni. Ana iya aiwatar da binciken a cikin kowane dakin gwaje-gwaje ko kuma a gida a gida.
Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar siyan na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto - glucometer. Nazari ne mai ƙyalli mai ɗaukar hoto don ɗaukar yatsan yatsa da kuma gwajin gwaji akan jinin da aka ɗora. A ƙarƙashin yanayin bakararre, kuna buƙatar daska da matashin kai na yatsa ko yatsa na tsakiya. Hannun an riga an wanke su a cikin ruwan zafi tare da sabulu.
Wurin bugun ya bushe a hankali domin kada ruwan ya gurbata sakamakon bincike. An matse karamin matashin kai tare da lancet a gefen yatsa ta hanyar mm 2-3, ba a yi amfani da digo na farko na jini ba, kuma ana amfani da na biyu zuwa tsararran gwajin. Matsa yatsa ya zama mai rauni wanda ya sa ruwan ɓoye ba ya shiga cikin jini.
Ana yin gwajin sakamakon gwajin jini ne bisa ka'idoji masu zuwa:
- Lowerarancin ƙimar ƙa'idar shine 3.3 mmol / L.
- A cikin sukari na jini, daga 5.1 zuwa 5.5 mmol / L shine iyakar babba na al'ada.
- Ruwan glucose na jini 5.6-6.1 mmol / l - jihar kan iyaka, ciwon suga, rage haƙuri haƙuri.
- Yin azumi sugar sama da 6.7 mmol / L - da ake zargi da ciwon sukari.
Idan akwai shakku a cikin ganewar asali, da kuma a dabi'un iyakoki, kasancewar alamomin dake nuna ciwon sukari, ana yin gwajin nauyin glucose. Ana magana da marasa lafiya tare da alamun atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini, kiba, polyneuropathy na asalin da ba'a sani ba kuma tare da tsawan amfani da magungunan hormonal.
Don gudanar da gwaji a cikin kwanaki uku, mai haƙuri dole ne ya bi abincin da ya saba, ya yarda da likita game da shan magunguna, kawar da damuwa, yawan motsa jiki, da shan giya. Tsarin shan shaye ɗaya ya kasance iri ɗaya, amma kafin binciken yana yuwu ya wuce awanni 12-14.
Ana aiwatar da ma'aunin a kan komai a ciki, sannan kuma bayan mintuna 60 da sa'o'i biyu bayan shan 75 g na glucose. Adadin da jiki zai iya daukar glucose an kiyasta shi. Manuniya na yau da kullun sunyi la'akari da karuwa zuwa 7.7 mmol / l. Idan bayan sa'o'i 2 na hauhawar glycemia ya wuce 11.1, to wannan alama ce a kan son ciwon sukari.
Abubuwan da ke nuna tsakanin waɗannan dabi'un ana kimanta su azaman latent na cututtukan sukari, ƙarancin haƙuri ga carbohydrates. A cikin irin waɗannan halayen, an tsara tsarin rage cin abinci wanda ke ƙuntata carbohydrates mai sauƙi da kitsen dabbobi da kuma yin amfani da prophylactic na magungunan ganyayyaki, abin da ake buƙata ya zama raguwa cikin nauyin jiki yayin kiba.
Yawan sukarin jini a lokacin ƙuruciya
A cikin jinin yara ƙanana, raguwar sukari shine ilimin dabbobi. Wannan sanannen abu ne a cikin abin da ya shafi yaro da aka haife shi.
Valuesimar al'ada don ƙananan yara sun haɗu daga 2.75 zuwa 4.35 mmol / L, sukari jini a cikin yaro na makarantar yara har zuwa 5 mmol / L yana nufin iyakar babba na al'ada, yayin da bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da 3.3 mmol / L ba.
Ga yaran makaranta, iyakoki iri ɗaya kamar na manya ana ɗaukarsu azaman al'ada. Idan a cikin yara da ke azumin sukari na jini na 6.2 mmol / L, to, wannan ana kiran shi hyperglycemia, duk yawan glucose a ƙasa da 2.5 mmol / L - hypoglycemia.
Ana nuna gwajin tare da nauyin glucose lokacin da yaro ya gano mai nuna 5.5 - 6.1 mmol / L. Ana ba da glucose ga yara a kowace kilogram na nauyin jiki a cikin adadin 1.75 g / kg.
Kuna iya magana game da ciwon sukari tare da komai na ciki na 5.5 kuma mafi girma, kuma sa'o'i biyu baya bayan 7.7 (duk dabi'u a mmol / l).
Rashin narkewar motsa jiki a yayin daukar ciki
Aka sake gina jikin mata yayin daukar ciki a karkashin tasirin homon da ke haifar da kwai da mahaifa, da kuma adrenal cortex. Duk waɗannan kwayoyin sunadaran da suke ɗaukar akasin insulin. Sabili da haka, mata masu juna biyu suna haɓaka juriya ta insulin, wanda ake la'akari da ilimin halittar jiki.
Idan matakin insulin da aka samar bai isa ya shawo kan sa ba, to mata sun kamu da ciwon suga. Bayan haihuwa, ciwon sukari na mata masu juna biyu ya ɓace kuma alamu sun koma al'ada. Amma irin waɗannan marasa lafiya an canza su zuwa ƙungiyar masu haɗari, kuma a cikin mummunan yanayi suna iya fuskantar ciwon sukari na 2 na gaskiya.
Yawancin cututtukan ciwon suga yawanci basa tare da alamun asibiti na hyperglycemia, amma ga yaro wannan yanayin mahaifiyar yana da haɗari. Idan baku kula da cutar hawan jini ba, to ana iya haihuwar jaririn tare da ƙarancin ci gaba. Lokacin da yake da haɗari ga masu ciwon sukari shine daga watanni 4 zuwa 8 na gestation.
Riskungiyar haɗari don haɓakar ciwon sukari sun haɗa da:
- Mata masu kiba wadanda suke kafin haihuwa ko saurin girma a wannan lokacin.
- Nau'in cutar siga ta 2 a cikin dangi.
- Cuta ko kuma tayin da ya mutu a cikin cikin kwanakin da suka gabata.
- Abubuwan da suka shafi ci gaban rayuwa ko samun juna biyu.
- Kwayar polycystic.
Ka'idodin ganewar asali sune: glycemia na azumi sama da 6.1 mmol / L, kuma bayan ɗaukar glucose (gwajin haƙuri na glucose) ya fi 7.8 mmol / L.
Wace cuta ce ke canza sukari na jini?
Canje-canje a cikin glucose na jini bazai danganta shi da yanayin cutar ba. Glycemia yawanci yakan tashi bayan cin abinci, musamman idan yana dauke da sinadarai masu sauki. Increasearuwar sukarin jini yana haifar da ƙoƙari na jiki, tunda a wannan lokacin ana adana shagunan glycogen a cikin ƙwayar tsoka.
Abubuwa na hyperglycemia wanda ke da alaƙa da sakiwar jijiyar damuwa yana faruwa a cikin raɗaɗi mai zafi, a cikin mummunan lokacin infarction na myocardial, tashin hankali na ɓacin rai, ƙonewa tare da babban yanki na lalacewa.
Resistancewar carbohydrates yana raguwa tare da aikin tiyata na duodenum ko ciki. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa abinci baya kwanciya a cikin ciki kuma yana hanzarin shiga hanjin ciki, daga inda glucose yake hanzarta shiga jini.
Increaseara yawan jini a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jijiyoyi, na faruwa tare da haɓakar ciwon sukari. Wannan shine mafi yawan dalilin cututtukan hyperglycemia. Rashin lafiyar ƙwayar cuta yana haifar da nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na 1, da ƙwayoyin cuta, damuwa da raunin yanayin rigakafi suna aiki azaman abubuwan haifar.
Nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari shima yana da tushen gado a tushen ci gaba, amma ya fi halayyar sa faruwa yayin da ya girma ko tsufa, tare da kiba, tare da rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki, hauhawar jini, atherosclerosis.
Cututtukan da ke haifar da hauhawar jini (ban da ciwon suga) sune:
- Cutar hanta.
- Cutar ƙwayar cutar kansa, ciwon kansa.
- Cire Pancreas.
- Raunin raunin kwakwalwa.
- Thyrotoxicosis.
- Cututtukan Hormonal: acromegalmia, Ciwo na Itsenko-Cushing, gigantism, pheochromocytoma.
Prolongara yawan shan magunguna daga ƙungiyar antihypertensive, diuretic da psychotropic kwayoyi, maganin hana haihuwa, glucocorticosteroids, magungunan thyrotropic da catecholamines na iya tayar da raguwa a cikin haƙurin glucose.
Rage sukari na jini a cikin yaro ko girma ba shi da haɗari, tun da aka rage abinci mai gina jiki na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, mummunar cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na iya haifar da mutuwa. Wannan rikitarwa yana haifar da rashin lafiyar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta marasa lafiya idan mai haƙuri ya wuce adadin insulin da aka ba shi shawarar ko ya tsallake abinci, kuma yana lalata barasa.
Haɗin insulin da amfani da magunguna masu rage sukari, asfirin, maganin rigakafi, wasu magungunan rigakafi, antihistamines na iya haifar da raguwa wanda ba a so a cikin glycemia. Tare da gabatarwar insulin ba a karkashin fata ba, amma harin hypoglycemic na iya haɓaka intramuscularly.
Abubuwan cututtukan jini wanda matakan sukari na jini ya fadi sun hada da: hepatic necrosis, rage yawan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin hanji (malabsorption), cutar Addison (rage girman aikin glandonto), rage aiki mai narkewa, aikin huhu.
Lokacin yin bincike, yana da buqatar yin la’akari da kurakurai masu ƙoshin abinci, matakin nauyi a jiki da damuwa, magani da matakan hormonal, musamman a cikin mata.
Saboda haka, ma'aunin guda na sukari na jini baya samar da cikakken bayani game da yanayin metabolism na metabolism. Don tabbatar da ganewar asali, an tsara cikakken binciken: cikakken bayani game da gwajin jini na kwayoyin halittu, ƙuduri na haemoglobin, urinalysis, kuma, bisa ga alamu, binciken duban dan tayi.
Me za a yi idan sukari jini ya tashi? Za a bayyana wannan ta hanyar kwararre a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
