Ciwon sukari mellitus sau da yawa yakan ci a cikin wani latent kuma yana cike da matsaloli daban-daban. Don hana cututtukan cuta, ya zama dole a ɗauki wasu karatun. Don sanin gwaje-gwajen da suka wajaba, yakamata ku nemi likita da gano ƙimar gwajin don alamu na masu ciwon sukari.
Matakan shida na ciwon sukari an san su da magani. Haliccin gado yana ganuwa azaman haɗakar musamman tsakanin halittu.
Duk alamomin cutar ta nau'in farko sun kasu kashi biyu, na jini da na rayuwa.
Kallon Cutar Malaria
Medicalungiyar likitocin zamani ta ba da shawarar yin gwaji don kamuwa da cutar siga a wasu sassan jama'a. Da farko dai, ya wajaba ga mutanen da suka kai shekaru 45 ko fiye. Idan sakamakon ya kasance mara kyau, ana gudanar da bincike a cikin kowace shekara uku.
Marasa lafiya a matakin ƙuruciya ya kamata a bi hanyoyin da:
- kiba
- m gado,
- kabilanci ko kabila mallakar wani rukuni,
- ciwon sukari
- hauhawar jini
- haihuwar da nauyinsu ya wuce kilogiram 4.5,
- babban glycemia a kan komai a ciki.
Don yin gwaje-gwaje da zazzagewa da ke tsakiya, ana bada shawara don sanin matakin glucose da haemoglobin A1c. Wannan haemoglobin ne, inda ake hade da kwayar halittar glucose tare da kwayar haemoglobin.
Glycosylated haemoglobin yayi aiki tare da glucose jini. Yana aiki a matsayin mai nuna alamar matakin metabolism na metabolism na watanni uku kafin bincike. Adadin samuwar HbA1c ya dogara da girman hauhawar jini. Normalization na matakin a cikin jini yana faruwa makonni 4-5 bayan euglycemia.
Adadin HbA1c an ƙaddara idan ya zama dole don sarrafa metabolism da kuma tabbatar da diyyarsa a cikin masu ciwon sukari waɗanda suka yi rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci.
Siffofin Ganewa
Don yin bincike da aiwatar da cikakkiyar kulawa game da Pathology, kuna buƙatar bin hanyoyin bincike da yawa.
Da farko, waɗannan sune litattafan dakin gwaje-gwaje na al'ada, watau nazarin glucose ta hanyar samin fitsari da jini, da gwaji don gwajin ketones da gwajin haƙuri.
Bugu da kari, ana gudanar da bincike kan:
- HbA1c;
- fructosamine;
- microalbumin;
- urinary creatinine;
- bayanin martaba.
Akwai ƙarin bincike na binciken cutar sankara, wanda ke ba da damar sarrafa ci gaban ciwon sukari, wannan ma'anar:
- C peptide
- kwayoyin insulin
- rigakafi zuwa tsibirin na Langengars da tyrosine phosphatase,
- glutamic acid decarboxylase kwayoyin,
- tsurelin, raschistina, leptin, adiponectin,
- HLA bugawa.
Don sanin ilimin halittar shekaru da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, likitoci sun ba da shawarar yin bincike kan sukari mai azumi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gano cewa akwai ingantacciyar yarjejeniya tsakanin matakan sukari na jini, daukacin cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki da kuma matakin ci gaban su; ba a gano shi da alamar nuna sukari mai azumi ba, amma tare da matsayin karuwarsa bayan cin abinci. Wannan ake kira postprandial hyperglycemia.
Duk alamomin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari za'a iya raba su kamar haka:
- kwayoyin
- rigakafi
- na rayuwa.
HLA bugawa
Ciwon sukari mellitus, daidai da dabaru na likitancin zamani, yana da matsanancin farawa, amma dogon latent. Matani shida ne da aka san su da samuwar wannan ilimin. Farkon waɗannan sune matakan gado na gado ko rashin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da ciwon sukari na 1.
Zai dace a nuna cewa kasancewar maganin antigens na HLA, musamman ma aji na biyu: DR 3, DR 4, DQ, yana da mahimmanci. Hadarin cutar Pathology a wannan yanayin yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa. A halin yanzu, yanayin rarrabuwa ga bayyanar ire-iren nau'in cutar ana ɗaukarsu azaman haɗuwa da abubuwan da ke cikin al'adun halitta.
Mafi alamun alamun sanarwa game da cutar ta 1 sune maganin HLA. Tsarin haloptypes na halayyar nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari ana samun su ne a cikin kashi 77 cikin mutanen da ke ɗauke da ciwon sukari. 6: yana da nau'ikan halittu masu kariya.
Kwayoyi masu kare cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa Kwayoyin Langerhans Islet
Sakamakon ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin autoantibodies zuwa sel na tsibirin na Langerhans, ƙarshen yana lalacewa, wanda ke haifar da rikicewar insulin da kuma bayyanar hoto mai faɗi na nau'in 1 ciwon sukari.
Wadannan nau'ikan ana iya tantance su ta hanyar asalinsu ko kuma sun bayyana saboda dalilai da yawa.
Daga cikin abubuwanda aka saba dasu sune:
- ƙwayoyin cuta
- aikin abubuwa masu guba
- daban-daban damuwa.
Nau'in cutar ta farko ana nuna shi a wani mataki na ciwon suga ba tare da alamun cutar ba, yana iya wuce shekaru da yawa. Za'a iya bayyanar da haɗin da ɓoye insulin a wannan lokacin ta hanyar nazarin haƙuri haƙuri.
A magani, shari'ar gano irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta shekaru takwas ko fiye da haka kafin bayyanar hoton asibiti na cutar. Ya kamata a yi amfani da ma'anar waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafin azaman farkon bincike game da ciwon sukari na 1.
A cikin mutane masu irin wannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi, aikin islet cell yana raguwa da sauri, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar take hakkin insulin. Idan lokaci ya lalace gaba ɗaya, to, cutar siyarwar cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na wannan nau'in ya faru.
Yawancin nazarin sun nuna cewa waɗannan kwayoyin suna cikin 70% na masu amsawa tare da sabon kamuwa da cutar sukari na 1. A cikin kulawar da ba mai ciwon sukari ba akwai kawai 0.1-0.5% na lokuta na gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi.
Hakanan ana iya samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dangi na masu ciwon sukari. Wannan rukunin mutane yana da matukar hango cutar. Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa dangi masu dauke da ƙwayoyin cuta suna haifar da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a tsawon lokaci.
Alamar kowane nau'i na nau'in sukari na 2 na sukari sun haɗa da wannan binciken. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa ƙaddara matakin waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin masu ciwon sukari tare da nau'in cuta na biyu yana taimakawa wajen ayyana shi a fili tun ma kafin a nuna hoton asibiti, kuma yana sauƙaƙe saitin abubuwan kwantar da hankali na insulin. Don haka, a cikin masu ciwon sukari tare da nau'in rashin lafiya na biyu, yana yiwuwa hango ko hasashen ƙarin ci gaba da dogaro da insulin na hormone.
Kwayoyin rigakafi zuwa insulin ana samun su a kusan 40% na mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari 1. Akwai ra'ayi game da daidaituwa tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa insulin da ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa sel sel.
Tsohon yana iya kasancewa a cikin mataki na kamuwa da ciwon sukari kuma tare da farkon alamun bayyanar cututtukan type 1.
Glutamic acid decarboxylase
Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya sun gano babban maganin, wanda shine manufa don maganin cututtukan fata wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙirƙirar nau'in ciwon sukari da ke dogara da ciwon sukari. Yana da decarboxylase na glutamic acid.
Wannan acid shine enzyme membrane wanda biosynthesizes CNS-gamma-aminobutyric acid ne. An fara gano enzyme a cikin mutanen da ke da matsala na tsarin juyayi.
Magungunan rigakafi zuwa GAD sune alamar bada labari game da gano yanayin cutar sankarau. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a gano babban haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 1. Tare da asymptomatic samuwar wannan cuta, kwayoyin cuta zuwa GAD za a iya gano su a cikin mutane shekaru bakwai kafin bayyanar bayyanar cutar.
Mafi amintacce kuma mai ba da labari tsakanin masana kimiyya ana ganin shine nazarin lokaci ɗaya na alamomi da yawa a cikin jini. Alamar 1 tana wakiltar 20% na bayanin, alamomi biyu sun nuna 44% na bayanan, kuma alamomi uku suna wakiltar 95% na bayanin.
Alamar Ciwon Kai ta Autoimmune
A cikin masu ciwon sukari, bayanin martaba na autoantibodies ya dogara da jinsi da shekaru. Magungunan rigakafi zuwa rigakafi da rigakafi zuwa sel islet, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna cikin yara fiye da manya. Kwayoyi masu kare cututtukan fata don maganin glutamic acid decarboxylase, a mafi yawan lokuta, ana samun su a cikin mata.
Abubuwan da ake tsammani game da samuwar nau'ikan nau'ikan autoantibodies ana iya tantance su ta hanyar nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta na tsarin HLA, saboda autoantibodies zuwa insulin, sel islet da islet antigen 2 galibi ana samun su a cikin mutane da ke da HLA - DR 4 / DQ 8 (DQA 1 * 0301 / DQB 1) * 0302). A lokaci guda, ƙwayoyin rigakafi don rage ƙwayar cuta ta glutamic acid decarboxylase suna cikin mutane waɗanda ke da ƙwayoyin halittar HLA - DR 3 DQ 2 (DQA 1 * 0501 / DQB 1 * 0201).
Yawancin nau'ikan autoantibodies suna yawanci kasancewa a cikin matasa masu ciwon sukari, yayin da mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan sukari na latent suna da nau'in autoantibody guda ɗaya kawai.
Magungunan rigakafi zuwa glutamic acid decarboxylase suna daga cikin masu ciwon suga da ke ɗauke da cutar ta farko, amma kuma yawan tasirin yana da yawa a cikin mutane masu kamuwa da cutar ta biyu.
Determinationudurin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ya sa ya yiwu a gano yawancin lambobin da ke da haɗari, idan wannan shine kawai alamar alama ga yawan balagaggu.
Kudin bincike
Mutanen da ke dauke da cutar sukari suna son sha'awar yawan bincike game da alamomin masu ciwon sukari. Akwai wasu bayanan martaba waɗanda aka bayyana ta hanyar yawancin bincike.
Babban bincike da ake kira "kula da ciwon sukari" ya hada da glucose jini da gwajin creatinine.
Bugu da kari, bayanin martaba ya kunshi:
- bincike mai amfani da haemoglobin,
- triglycerides
- jimlar cholesterol
- HDL cholesterol,
- LDL cholesterol,
- urinary albumin
- alakar,
- Reberg gwaji,
- glucose a cikin fitsari.
Kudin irin wannan cikakken bincike kusan 5 dubu rubles ne.
Nunawa ya hada da:
- nazarin glucose na jini
- glycated haemoglobin.
Farashin bincike kusan 900 rubles ne.
Alamar autoimmune:
- kwayoyin kariya daga insulin
- maganin rigakafin cutar sikila (tyrosine phosphatase).
- Glutamate decarboxylase kwayoyin,
- maganin rigakafin cutar sikila (tyrosine phosphatase).
Irin wannan bincike zai cinye har 4 dubu rubles.
Gwajin insulin zai kashe kimanin 450 rubles, gwajin C-peptide zai kashe kusan 350 rubles.
Bayyanar cututtuka yayin daukar ciki
Ana ɗaukar gwajin glucose na jini a kan komai a ciki. Tsoron zai haifar da mai nuna alamar 4.8 mmol / daga yatsa da 5.3 - 6.9 mmol / l daga jijiya. Kafin yin gwaje-gwaje, bai kamata mace ta ci abinci na kimanin awanni 10 ba.
Lokacin ɗaukar tayi, za a iya yin gwajin haƙuri haƙuri. A saboda wannan, mace ta sha g 75 na glcose a cikin gilashin ruwa. Bayan awa 2, ana sake yin gwajin jini. Kafin bincike, ba kwa buƙatar iyakance kanka cikin abinci mai gina jiki. Abincin ya kamata ya saba.
Idan an samo alamun cutar sankara, to bai kamata ku jinkirta tattaunawa da likitan ku ba. Gano cutar a wani matakin farko na taimakawa ci gaba da cutar da kuma ci gaban matsaloli na barazanar rayuwa. Sakamakon bincike dole ne ya kasance daidai, don wannan kuna buƙatar bin duk ƙa'idodin shirya don bincike.
Yaya ake gano ciwon sukari? Wani masani zai faɗi a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
