Sauyi a cikin taro na glucose a cikin jinin mutum yana faruwa kusan babu tsammani, yana yiwuwa a koya game da karkacewar kawai saboda wucewar gwaje-gwaje.
Sabili da haka, likitoci sun ba da shawarar aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowane watanni shida don ba da gudummawar jini zuwa matakan sukari, musamman ga mata da maza bayan shekarun 40.
Hakanan, binciken ba zai hana marasa lafiya da nauyin jiki su wuce kima ba da kuma kasancewar kwayoyin halittar mutum game da cutar sankara.
Ana iya zargin mutum da cutar sankara saboda cututtukan fata baki ɗaya, ƙishirwa, bushewar baki da canje-canje marasa ƙarfi a cikin nauyin jikin, duka manya da ƙananan bangarorin.
Me yasa aka wajabta gwajin glucose na jini?
Glucose mai sauƙin carbohydrate, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, saboda monosaccharide shine asalin tushen kuzari. Suga ya zama dole ga kowane sel na jiki don rayuwa ta yau da kullun, yana tabbatar da duk matakan rayuwa.
Matsayi na glycemia yana taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin lafiyar ɗan adam, ana buƙatar kulawa da shi a matakin da aka yarda da shi. Sugar yana shiga jiki da abinci, to, insulin ne ya rushe shi kuma ya shiga cikin jini.
Theayan yawan taro na sukari a abinci, to yawan insulin da alakar dole ne ta samar da shi. Amma ya kamata a fahimta cewa ƙimar insulin mai iyaka ce, an saka adadin sukari a cikin ƙwayoyin tsopose nama, tsokoki da hanta.
Tare da shan ƙwayar sukari mai wucewa, nan ba da jimawa ba, cin zarafin tsarin hadaddun kuma karuwa a cikin glycemia na faruwa. Hoto mai kama da wannan yana faruwa tare da nisanta abinci, lokacin da abincin mutum bai cika ka'idodin da yakamata ba. A wannan yanayin:
- glucose maida hankali ne;
- rage aikin kwakwalwa.
Rashin daidaituwa iri ɗaya kuma yana yiwuwa tare da cin zarafin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke da alhakin samar da insulin.
Babban bayyanar cututtuka da zai kamata mutum ya hanzarta tuntuɓar wani likitan endocrinologist da bayar da gudummawar jini don sukari na iya kasancewa ƙishirwa, bushewar bakin ciki, gumi mai yawa, rauni a jiki, ƙarancin zuciya da kuma tsananin farin ciki.
Statisticsididdigar hukuma ba a sani ba, a yau a Rasha kusan mutane miliyan 9 ke fama da cutar sankara. Ana tsammanin bayan shekaru 10 yawan masu haƙuri da irin wannan cin zarafi zai ninka.
Kimanin kowane sakan 10, ana tabbatar da sababbin cututtukan guda biyu na guda biyu a duk duniya. A cikin dakika 10 iri ɗaya ɗaya, mai ciwon sukari ya mutu a wani wuri a duniya, saboda an daɗe da sanin cewa cutar sankarau ita ce cuta ta huɗu da ke kaiwa ga mutuwa.
Koyaya, don guje wa mutuwa abu ne na hakika idan kun ba da gudummawar jini don sukari a cikin lokaci kuma ku kula da cutar.
Gwajin glucose na jini
Canza daidaituwa a cikin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa yana haifar da babban haɗari ga mai haƙuri da lafiyar sa. Likitoci na iya ba da shawarar gwaje-gwaje na glucose iri-iri don gano cuta. Akwai irin waɗannan hanyoyin gwaje-gwaje: nazarin kwayar halitta ta jini don sukari, juriya na glucose, gwajin haƙuri na glucose don C-peptide, bincike don sauran maganin gemoclobin.
Ana yin gwajin glucose na jini na biochemical a cikin ma'aikatar likita, yana taimakawa gano alamun canzawa a cikin glycemia, don ganin cikakken hoton cutar. Tsarin ilimin sukari na jini yana taimakawa wajen tsayar da rikice-rikice na rayuwa da daidaita tsarin cutar.
Za'a iya amfani da gwajin jini na ƙirar ƙwallon ƙwaya da ƙayyadaddun sukari azaman prophylaxis na ciwon sukari, don magance cutar da aka tabbatar. Tsarin ilimin halittar jini zai taimaka wajen tantancewa ba kawai yawan sukari ba, har ma da sauran alamomi masu mahimmanci.
Gwajin jini don tsayayya da glucose ba zai yi ƙaranci da amfani ba, ana kuma kira shi da gwaji tare da nauyin carbohydrate. Binciken zai nuna abun cikin sukari a cikin jini:
- da farko, mara lafiya yana bada jini da safe akan komai a ciki;
- tsakanin mintuna 5 bayan hakan, sai ya sha babban maganin glucose.
Bayan wannan, wajibi ne don yin samfurori a kowane rabin sa'a, tsawon lokacin yin hakan shine 2 hours. Binciken zai bayyana kasancewar ciwon sukari mellitus, raunin glucose mai rauni.
An yi gwajin haƙuri na glucose don C-peptide don ƙididdige ayyukan ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic da ke da alhakin samar da insulin. Binciken ya wajaba don yin daidai da irin nau'in cutar sankarar bargo: mai dogaro da insulin ko kuma wanda ba shi da insulin. Gwaji shine mafi mahimmanci a kowane nau'i na ilimin halayyar cuta.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da gudummawar jini don ƙayyade matakin haemoglobin na glycated, yayin bincike, an ƙaddara haɗin haemoglobin da sukari jini. Yayinda aka sami karin glucose a jiki, to kuwa zai zama mafi girman matakan gemoclobin jini. Gwajin glucose yana taimakawa wajen kimanta glycemia sama da watanni 3. Dangane da shawarwarin WHO, irin wannan binciken shine mafi kyau duka kuma wajibi ne don sarrafa hanyar ciwon sukari na nau'ikan biyu.
Hanyar tana da nasa fa'ida da kuma fa'idarsa a dunkule. Babban kara da bincike shine cewa:
- takamaiman shiri ba bukatar sa;
- ana shan jini a kowane lokaci na rana.
Ana kiranta gwajin fili na glucose-protein gwajin fructosamine. Babban bambanci tsakanin wannan ma'anar sukari shine cewa bincike yana nuna canje-canje a cikin matakan glycemia makonni 1-3 kafin samfurin jini.
Gwaji yana taimakawa kimanta ingancin magani don maganin cututtukan hyperglycemia, kuma idan ya cancanta, daidaita hanya. Sau da yawa ana yin irin wannan bincike don mata masu juna biyu don su binciki cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cutar sankara kuma da cutar hauka.
Ana iya yin cikakken adadi na jini tare da gwajin lactate (lactic acid). Lactate jiki ne yake samara da shi sakamakon sinadarin sukari anaerobic (ba tare da iskar oxygen ba). Irin wannan bincike zai ba da labari game da acid acid na jini saboda tarin lactate, lactocytosis, a matsayin mai mulkin, alama ce ta ciwon sukari.
Wata hanya don gwaji don wucewar glucose shine gwajin jini ga masu ciwon sukari na mata masu juna biyu (gestational). Irin wannan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na cin zarafin sukari, mafi girma daga glycemia, mafi girma da alama yana haifar da wannan cuta kamar macrosomy, bayyanannun zai kasance:
- kiba sosai da tayi;
- yawan wuce gona da iri.
Wannan kuma na iya haifar da haihuwa, yin rauni ga mahaifiya da jariri. A saboda wannan dalili, yayin daukar ciki, mace dole ne ta kula da kanta kuma ta sanya sukari a cikin jini. An karɓar kayan kayan halitta daga jijiya.
A gida, don bincikar kai da lura da yanayin tabbatar da cutar sankarar bargo, ana bukatar yin nazari tare da glucometer. Mai nazarin glucose yana taimaka maka gwada kanka don haɓaka ko raguwa a sukari cikin sakan. Likitoci suna ɗaukar hanyar bayyana a matsayin gwaji mai ƙima, amma ciwon sukari ba zai iya yin shi ba tare da shi ba.
Kafin aikin, suna wanke hannayensu da sabulu sosai sannan kuma su goge su bushe. Sannan, ta amfani da abin sawa, suna yin jujjuya yatsun yatsan, suna goge digon farko na jini tare da auduga, da na biyu:
- amfani a kan tsiri gwajin;
- sanya shi a cikin mita.
Na'urar na iya adana wasu adadin ma'aunai a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ta.
Yadda ake bayar da gudummawar jini da shirya, kwafe
Dukkan hanyoyin da ake bi don gano matakan sukari na jini ana nuna su fara da shiri. Ana gudanar da bincike na glucose na jini akan komai a ciki, ana ɗaukar jini daga yatsa ko jijiya mara nauyi. Kimanin sa'o'i 8 8 8 kafin aikin, dole ne ku ƙi cin abinci, ku kasance cikin shiri don shan ruwan sha na musamman ba tare da iskar gas ba.
Yadda za a ba da gudummawar jini? Kafin binciken, ba za ku iya motsa jiki ba, shan taba, shan giya, ku yi juyayi. In ba haka ba, binciken zai nuna karuwa a cikin sukari ko da ba a lura da ci gaba da hauhawar jini ba. Ba lallai ba ne don jin tsoron irin wannan binciken, ƙwarewar juyayi zai sami mummunan sakamako akan sakamakon haƙuri da kuma ƙoshin lafiya.
Udurin sukari na jini a gida ta amfani da glucometer yana yiwuwa a kowane lokaci na rana, koda bayan abinci. Sabili da haka, tambayar yadda za'a shirya ba shi da daraja. Idan mai ciwon sukari yana jin tsoron hube yatsansa don ganewar asali, yana iya tambayar danginsa game da wannan ko tuntuɓar cibiyar kula da lafiya.
Anwararren ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ne kawai zai iya yin bincike, tabbatar ko musanta shi, amma mai haƙuri dole ne ya sami ra'ayi game da matakan suga na jini. A cikin gwajin jini na kwayoyin halitta, matakan glucose zai zama al'ada:
- shekarun yaro har zuwa shekaru 2 - daga 2.78 zuwa 4.4 mmol / l;
- shekaru 2-6 - daga 3.3 - 5 mmol / l;
- shekaru 6-15 shekaru - 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l;
- manya - 3.89 - 5.83 mmol / l.
Abin lura ne cewa yayin da jikin mutum yayi tsawo, yanayin sukari ya canza. Increasearuwar ƙa'idar tana faruwa ne bayan shekaru 60, a kan matsakaici ga irin waɗannan masu haƙuri wannan lambar zai zama 6.38 mmol / l.
Idan ana yin gwajin jini don tsayayya da glucose, ƙimar abubuwan sune 7.8 mmol / L. Lokacin ƙayyadaddun alamu na lactic acid, mai nuna alama na al'ada zai kasance daga 0.5 zuwa 2.2 mmol / l.
Gwajin jini don abubuwan da ke cikin fructosamine ya kamata ya nuna a cikin maza 118-282 μmol / L, a cikin mata daga 161 zuwa 351 μmol / L. Halin da ke cikin haemoglobin zai zama kashi 5.7%, yana da halayyar cewa wannan nuna alama iri ɗaya ce ga yara, manya, maza da mata na manya da tsofaffi.
Me yasa ake tasirin sukarin jini ko kuma a saukar da shi
Biochemistry ya nuna adadin glucose mai yawa, sannan likita yayi magana game da hyperglycemia. Irin wannan yanayin yanayin na iya nuna kasancewar ciwon sukari na mellitus da sauran rikice-rikice na tsarin endocrine.Yawanin na iya zama koda, hanta, m ko raunin hanya na kumburi a cikin farji (cututtukan pancreatitis).
Tare da raguwa a cikin taro na sukari a cikin jini, yana yiwuwa a tuhumi cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan hanji, hanta da kuma wuce haddi na thyroid. Rage raguwar glycemia na iya zama tabbaci na guba tare da kwayoyi, arsenic, da barasa.
Yin la'akari da sakamakon gwajin haƙuri na glucose, lokacin da kuka sha maganin glucose, lambobin da aka samo 7.8-11.00 mmol / L zai zama alamar cutar kansa, kuma lokacin da sakamakon ya wuce 11.1 mmol / L, ciwon sukari zai zama farkon bincike.
Idan alamomin lactic acid sun ƙaru, a cikin rabin abubuwan wannan yana nuna ciwon sukari, daidai wannan matakin zai zama sakamakon:
- cirrhosis na hanta;
- mummunan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki;
- glycogenosis.
Levelsarancin matakan lactic acid a wasu halaye suna nuna cutar rashin ƙarfi.
Lokacin da adadin fructosamine ya yi yawa, za a kuma tuhumi mara lafiyar da ciwon sukari mellitus, rashin haƙuri a cikin glucose, ƙoshin ƙayyadadden ƙwayar cuta, gellational diabetes mellitus, da cirrhosis. Levelsarancin matakan fructosamine zai nuna alamar kasancewar hyperthyroidism, ciwon sukari mai narkewa, da cututtukan nephrotic. Ina jin tsoron cewa za a iya yin bayyanar cututtuka da yawa a lokaci daya.
Idan glycated haemoglobin ya kauce daga al'ada kuma sakamakon ya wuce 6.5%, kusan kullum ana tabbatar da ciwon sukari, tunda wannan bincike yana nuna matakin sukari na tsawon lokaci. Ba zai yiwu a rinjayi sakamakonsa ba, ana ɗaukar jini don bincike ko da daga marasa lafiya da ke da mura, bayan wahala.
Dole ne a yi la’akari da cewa wuce haddi ko raguwar sukari na jini bai nuna alamun ƙarshe da ciwon suga ba. Yana yiwuwa karkacewa da dabi'un su ne sakamakon shan giya, karuwa ta jiki, damuwa na kwakwalwa, kin yarda da karancin abinci mai karaya da sauran abubuwan. Don fayyace gaskiyar cutar, likitan ya buƙaci sanya ƙarin gwaje-gwaje ga mai haƙuri.
Yadda ake ɗaukar gwajin jini don sukari zai gaya wa gwani a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
