Ciwon sukari mellitus na cikin rukuni ne na cututtuka waɗanda haɓakar sukari na jini ke ƙaruwa. Wannan halin na iya haifar tsufa na jiki da lalacewar kusan dukkanin gabobin jikinta da tsarinta.
Endocrinologists sun hakikance cewa idan an dauki matakan kariya kuma ana gudanar da aikin da ya dace, a mafi yawan lokuta yana yiwuwa a hana ko ma a dakatar da farawar cutar sankara a cikin masu ciwon sukari. Tabbas, a mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan rikice-rikice yana faruwa tare da maganin rashin kulawa, isasshen kame kai da rashin yarda da abincin.
A sakamakon haka, yanayin hauhawar jini na haɓaka, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba na ci gaba a cikin ciwon sukari mellitus. Wani lokacin rashin taimako na lokaci daya na irin wannan lamarin na iya haifar da mutuwa.
Menene matsalar rashin lafiyan cuta kuma menene sababinsa da ire-irensu?
Ma'anar kwantar da hankalinma cuta ce ta masu ciwon sukari - tana nuna yanayin da mai ciwon sukari yake asarar hankali yayin da karanci ko yawan glucose a cikin jini. Idan a cikin wannan yanayin ba za a ba da haƙuri na gaggawa ba, to komai yana iya zama mai m.
Abubuwanda ke haifar da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan sukari shine saurin karuwa a cikin taro na jini, wanda ke haifar da isasshen ƙwayar insulin ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, rashin kame kai, rashin kula da rubutu da sauran su.
Idan babu isasshen insulin, jikin ba zai iya sarrafa glucose ba saboda abinda baya juya shi zuwa makamashi. Irin wannan rashi yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa hanta tana fara samar da glucose da kansa. A kan wannan tushen, akwai ci gaba mai aiki na jikin ketone.
Don haka, idan glucose ya haɗu a cikin jini da sauri fiye da jikin ketone, to mutum zai rasa hankali kuma ya kamu da cutar siga. Idan yawan sukari yana ƙaruwa tare da abun cikin jikin ketone, to mai haƙuri na iya faɗuwa cikin coma na ketoacidotic. Amma akwai wasu nau'ikan irin waɗannan yanayin waɗanda ya kamata a yi la’akari da su daki-daki.
Gabaɗaya, ana bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwayar mahaifa:
- hypoglycemic;
- hyperglycemic;
- ketoacidotic.
Coma mai narkewa - Zai iya faruwa lokacin da sukari jini kwatsam. Ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi tsawon lokacin da wannan yanayin zai wuce, saboda abubuwa da yawa sun dogara da tsananin matsalar hypoglycemia da lafiyar mai haƙuri. Wannan yanayin yana da saukin kamuwa ga masu ciwon suga da ke tsallake abinci ko kuma wadanda basa bin sashin insulin. Hypoglycemia shima yana bayyana bayan wuce gona da iri ko giya.
Na biyu nau'in - hyperosmolar coma na faruwa azaman rikitarwa na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, wanda ke haifar da karancin ruwa da sukari mai yawa na jini. Farkon sa yana faruwa tare da matakin glucose fiye da 600 mg / l.
Sau da yawa, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta ɓacin rai da yara, wanda ke cire yawan glucose da fitsari. A wannan yanayin, dalilin ci gaban kwayar halitta shi ne cewa yayin bushewar fata wanda kodan ya kirkiro, jiki yana tilasta adana ruwa, wanda zai haifar da matsanancin rashin ƙarfi.
Hyperosmolar s. diabeticum (Latin) yana haɓaka sau 10 sau da yawa fiye da hauhawar jini. Ainihin, bayyanar sa an gano shi da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin tsofaffi marasa lafiya.
Ketoacidotic masu ciwon sukari na tasowa tare da ciwon sukari na 1 Wannan nau'in kwayar na iya faruwa lokacin da ketones (acetone acid) masu haɗari ke tattare da jiki. Su samfuran metabolism ne na mai mai wanda aka kafa yayin ƙarancin raunin insulin na hormone.
Cutar HyperlactacPs a cikin ciwon sukari na faruwa da wuya. Wannan nau'in halayyar halayyar tsofaffi marasa lafiya ne da ke fama da hanta, koda da aikin zuciya.
Dalilan da ke haifar da irin wannan nau'in cutar sankarau suna haɓaka samuwar mutum da rashin amfanin hypoxia da lactate. Don haka, jiki yana da guba tare da lactic acid, wanda aka tara shi mai yawa (2-4 mmol / l). Duk wannan yana haifar da cin zarafin daidaituwa na lactate-pyruvate da bayyanar acidosis na rayuwa tare da bambanci mai girma na anionic.
Cutar tarko da ta taso daga nau'in 2 ko nau'in 1 na ciwon sikari ita ce mafi yawan haɗari da haɗari ga tsoho wanda ya riga shekara 30. Amma wannan sabon abu yana da haɗari musamman ga ƙananan marasa lafiya.
Cutar sankarau a cikin yara yawanci tana haifar da nau'in-insulin-dogara da cutar wacce zata ɗauki shekaru da yawa. Comas na ciwon sukari a cikin yara sukan bayyana ne a makarantan nasare ko shekarun makaranta, wani lokacin a kirji.
Haka kuma, a karkashin shekaru 3, irin wannan yanayin yakan faru sau da yawa fiye da na manya.
Symptomatology
Nau'in nau'in coma da ciwon sukari sun bambanta, don haka hoton su na asibiti na iya bambanta. Don haka, don ƙwayar ketoacidotic, bushewar fata halayyar mutum ce, tare da asarar nauyi zuwa sama da 10% da bushewar fata.
A wannan yanayin, fuskar tana jujjuya bakin ciki (wani lokaci tana jujjuya ja), kuma fatar a kan soles, dabino ya zama mai launin toka, ciwon kai da peel. Wasu masu ciwon sukari suna da furunlera.
Sauran alamomin kamuwa da cutar sankarar mahaifa a cikin ketoacidosis su ne iska mai lalacewa, tashin zuciya, amai, jijiyoyin tsoka, sanyaya hannu, da zazzabi. Sakamakon maye na jiki, hauhawar huhu na iya faruwa, kuma numfashi ya zama mai hayaniya, mai zurfi kuma akai-akai.
Lokacin da akwai ƙwayar cutar siga mai kamuwa da cutar siga a cikin nau'in 2 na ciwon sukari, alamominsa kuma sun haɗa da rage sautin kumburin idanun da kunkuntar ɗaliban. Lokaci-lokaci, ana lura da yaduwar ido na sama da na bakin ciki.
Hakanan, ketoacidosis mai tasowa yana tare da urination mai saurin motsa jiki, wanda cirewa yana da warin tayi. A lokaci guda, ciki yana ciwo, motsin hanji yana rauni, kuma matakin rage karfin jini.
Ketoacidotic coma a cikin masu ciwon sukari na iya samun digiri daban-daban na rashin lafiya - daga nutsuwa zuwa bacci. Owaƙar kwakwalwa na taimaka wajan haifar da sanadi, sanyin gwiwa, ruɗani da ruɗarwa.
Alamar ciwon sukari mai yawan koda:
- katsewa
- rashin ruwa a jiki;
- rashi magana;
- malaise;
- bayyanar cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini;
- rashin motsawa da saurin motsawa na ƙwallon ido;
- rare da rauni urination.
Alamun ciwon sikari da ke fama da cutar rashin kuzarin jini sun bambanta da sauran nau'in coma. Wannan halin ana iya bayyaninsa ta hanyar rauni mai ƙarfi, yunwa, rashin damuwa da tsoro, jin sanyi, rawar jiki da gumi. Sakamakon ciwon sukari tare da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya shine asarar sani da kuma bayyanuwar fitsari.
Hyperlactac cuta mai ciwon sukari yana nuna bushewar harshe da fata, nau'in Kussmaul na numfashi, rushewa, hauhawar jini, da raguwar turgor. Hakanan, lokacin rashin lafiya, wanda zai iya ɗauka daga 'yan sa'o'i zuwa wasu kwanaki, yana tare da tachycardia, oliguria, wucewa cikin rashin lafiyar ciki, laushi na gira.
Jiki na hauhawar jini da sauran nau'ikan yanayi iri ɗaya a cikin yara na haɓaka a hankali. Rashin ciwon sukari yana tare da rashi na ciki, damuwa, ƙishirwa, amai, ciwon kai, ciwanci da tashin zuciya. Yayinda yake ci gaba, numfashin majiyyacin ya zama mai santsi, zurfi, bugun jini yayi saurin ƙaruwa, yanayin jijiya yana bayyana.
Tare da ciwon sukari a cikin jarirai, lokacin da yaro ya fara fada cikin ƙwayar cuta, sai ya fara haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta, maƙarƙashiya, ƙwayar cuta da ƙishirwa. Abun ya zama da wahala daga fitsari.
Glycemic coma a cikin yara yana bayyana ta wannan bayyanar cututtuka kamar a cikin manya.
Abin da za a yi tare da ciwon sukari
Idan taimako na farko don rikitarwa na hyperglycemia bai dace ba, to, mara lafiya tare da cutar sankara wanda sakamakonsa ke da haɗari sosai zai iya haifar da cututtukan huhu da huhun ciki, ƙwayar jini, haifar da bugun zuciya da bugun jini, oliguria, renal ko gazawar numfashi, da sauransu. Sabili da haka, bayan da aka gudanar da gwajin cutar, nan da nan mai haƙuri ya kamata ya ba da taimako tare da coma mai ciwon sukari.
Don haka, idan yanayin mai haƙuri yana gab da yin rauni, to dole ne a yi kiran gaggawa gaggawa. Yayinda ita zata yi tuki, yana da buqatar sanya mara lafiya a ciki ko a gefen sa, shigar da bututu da hana harshe daga fadawa. Idan ya cancanta, daidaita matsin lamba.
Me za a yi da ciwon sukari coma lalacewa ta hanyar wuce haddi na ketones? A wannan halin, hanyoyin aiwatarwa shine daidaita al'ada mai mahimmanci na masu ciwon sukari, irin su matsi, bugun zuciya, sani da numfashi.
Idan coma na lactatacPs ya bunkasa a cikin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na ƙwayar cuta, yana da buƙatar ɗaukar matakan guda ɗaya idan akwai yanayin ketoacidotic. Amma ban da wannan, ya kamata a sake dawo da ma'aunin ruwa da ruwa da acid-base. Hakanan, taimako tare da coma mai ciwon sukari na wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi gudanar da maganin glucose tare da insulin ga mai haƙuri da kuma yin maganin cututtukan.
Idan ƙarancin farin ciki na haila ya faru a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, taimakon kai zai yiwu. Wannan lokacin ba zai daɗe ba, don haka mara haƙuri yakamata ya sami lokaci don ɗaukar carbohydrates mai sauri (fewan cubes cubes, cokali na jam, gilashin ruwan 'ya'yan itace) kuma ya ɗauki matsayi mai kyau don kada ya cutar da kansa idan ya kasance asarar hankali.
Idan hypoglycemia a cikin ciwon sukari mellitus yana tsokani ta hanyar insulin, sakamakon wanda ke ɗaukar dogon lokaci, to cin tare da ƙwayar cutar sankara ya ƙunshi ɗaukar jinkirin carbohydrates a cikin adadin 1-2 XE kafin lokacin bacci.
Wani nau'i mai ƙarfi yana buƙatar allurar maganin glucose (40%) ko glucagon (1 MG) na manya. Amma yayin dakatar da yanayin a cikin yara, an rage kashi ɗaya. Idan mara lafiyar bai sake murmurewa ba, to za a kai shi asibiti nan da nan, inda maganin cutar ta masu ciwon suga ya ta'allaka ne da fadowar ruwan glucose (10%).
Sanin abin da ke fama da cutar sanƙara mai sauƙin gane alamun ta da hana haɓaka mummunar sakamako a kan kari. Bayan haka, idan kun fahimci yanayin da mai ciwon sukari ke buƙatar taimako cikin gaggawa, to zaku iya ba shi taimako mai mahimmanci, tunda maganin glukiya da aka ɗauka akan lokaci zai taimaka wajen kiyaye rayuwar mutum, kuma daidaitaccen matakin glycemia zai taimaka don guje wa ci gaban mummunan sakamako.
Gwanaye da bidiyo a wannan labarin za su yi magana game da alamomin da magani ga masu cutar sukari.
