Hormones suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyukan dukkan jikin mutum. Insulin, a matsayin ɗayan waɗannan abubuwa, yana kuma shiga cikin matakai daban-daban da hanyoyin aiki.
Dukkanin kwayoyin halittun da ke fitowa daga glandon daban-daban suna da tsarin sunadarai daban-daban, amma a lokaci guda suna da haɗin kai ta hanyar aiki mai mahimmanci - don ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan tafiyar matakai na jiki, da kuma yadda yake a al'ada.
Babu wani ra'ayi game da wane nau'in abubuwan nazarin halittu shine babba, kuma wanne ne aikin ɗan ƙarami. Dukansu suna haɗuwa da juna zuwa sarkar da ba za a iya raba ta ɗaya ba, kuma idan akwai kasawa a hanyar haɗin ɗaya, an keta tsarin duka.
Matsayin hormones a jikin mutum
Aikin hormones a jikin mutum ya fara bayyana tun kafin haihuwar mutum, a cikin mahaifa, tunda su ne suke daukar nauyin duk wasu ayyukan ci gaban tayin, suna shafar girma da rayuwarsa.
Hormones abubuwa ne masu rai da ke shiga jikin mutum kuma ta hanyar jini yana shafar ayyukan duk gabobin ciki da tsarin. Godiya ga irin waɗannan abubuwan, ana sarrafa tsari na rayuwa a cikin jiki, yana haɓaka metabolism ko rage gudu.
Ofaya daga cikin manyan manufofin tsarin hormonal shine kula da homeostasis da ikon jikin yayi aiki da kyau da kwanciyar hankali. Hormones suna iya hana juna haɓaka ko inganta haɓakar junan su ta hanyar toshe ko kuma haɓaka samar da brothersan uwansu.
Babban ayyukan kwayoyin halittar da abubuwa masu kama da kwayoyin sunadarai sun hada da:
- tsoka da kasusuwa nama
- Suna da alhakin aiki na metabolism, matakai na rayuwa, tsari na matakan glucose a cikin jikiꓼ
- shirya yanayin jikin a cikin yanayi na gaggawa (ciki har da rawar jiki, gwagwarmaya) ꓼ
- mai alhakin tsari da tsari na yanayi da halayen mutum
- shirya jikin mutum don sabon matakan rayuwa (lokacin balaga cikin samari yana da halayyar))
- zama mai alhakin aikin haifuwa da aikin jima'i a cikin maza da mataꓼ
- sarrafa ji da yunwar da satiety, kazalika da jin daɗin hawan keke.
Dukkanin kwayoyin halittar jiki ana iya raba su zuwa manyan rukuni biyu - namiji da mace, duk da cewa suna kasancewa a cikin dukkan mutane, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba. Bambancin kawai shine matakin tattara su. Musamman irin waɗannan abubuwan suna taka muhimmiyar rawa yayin balaga.
Kwayoyin halittar jima'i na maza da ke da androgens sun hada da testosterone, androsterone, androstenedione, androstenediol.
Kwayoyin halittar mace, wadanda suke hade da kwayar halittar estrogen da gestagen, sun hada da estradiol, estrone, da estriol.
Bugu da ƙari, kwayoyin hormones (musamman a lokacin ƙuruciya da ƙuruciya) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwayoyin halittu baki ɗaya.
Hanyar samar da abubuwa daban-daban na halitta ya dogara ne da tasirin abubuwan biyu na ciki da waje. Ya kamata wasu kwayoyin halittu su kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali kwata-kwata a duk tsawon rana, tunda iyawar aiki na yau da kullun da sauran mahimman matakai da metabolism ya dogara da yawa.
Daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan, da farko, sun haɗa da ƙwayar horarwa ta hanji, glandon thyroid, insulin.
Hypoglycemic hormone da kuma tsarin aikin sa?
Insulin a jikin mutum yana da alhakin daidaita matakan glucose na jini. A cikin wannan tsari, ya taimaka masa da sauran abubuwa masu aiki, kamar su adrenaline da norepinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, corticosterol da hodar iblis.
Yawan glucose a jikin mutum yana karuwa da zaran mutum ya ci kayayyakin carbohydrate. Don amsa irin wannan abincin, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta fara samar da adadin insulin da ake buƙata, wanda ke fara aiwatar da amfani da sugars, wucewa ta cikin jini a jiki.
Ya kamata a lura cewa da zaran matakin glucose a cikin jini ya zama al'ada, samar da insulin, tare da aikin yau da kullun yana aiki. Idan akwai matsala a cikin irin wannan aikin da aka kafa, jikin, kuma bayan al'ada adadin sukari, ba ya daina samar da wannan kwayoyin.
Irin wannan tsari yana faruwa ne sakamakon wahalar insulin don shiga cikin sel da tsokoki na jikin mutum, wanda hakan ke cutar da hanyar aikin ƙwayar cuta. Akwai irin wannan tsarin wanda hankalin kwakwalwar sel zuwa yadda insulin yake aiki ya dogara da yanayin mutum - mafi girman yawan tsokoki da ƙananan kashi mai, mafi kyawun insulin ya ratsa kyallen.
Hakanan an nuna aikin insulin a jikin dan adam a cikin wasu, babu wasu muhimman ayyuka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da motsawar ƙwayar furotin a cikin ƙwayar tsoka, rushewar kitse da lipids, kunnawar lipogenesis.
Ayyukan insulin na jikin insulin sune kamar haka:
- Cikakken tanadi da wadatar glucose ga dukkanin sel na jikin mutum, yana wadatar dasu da ingantaccen makamashi. Bugu da kari, kwayar halittar na inganta jijiyoyin jikinta a matakin salula, yana kara girman yanayin membranes.
- Insulin shine mai kara kuzari na kwayar halitta da kuma hana rushewar glycogen a cikin jijiyoyin tsoka da hanta.
- Yayi matukar tasiri kan aiwatar da tarin kiba da faduwar furotin.
- Insulin yana haɓaka ƙwayar lipids a cikin ƙwayar adipose.
- Yana kunna ayyukan aiki na enzymes waɗanda ke da ikon inganta rushewar glucose. Saboda haka, tasirin anabolic na hanyar insulin yana aiki.
- Insulin yana haifar da hana sauran enzymes waɗanda ke da alhakin saurin lalacewar lipids da glycogen, wanda aka nuna a cikin tasirin maganin anticatabolic.
Duk da kasancewar ayyuka da yawa, babban sakamako na insulin a jiki shine hypoglycemic.
Alamomin al'ada
Insulin wani hormone ne wanda yake da tasirin jini.
Rashin ƙarancinsa ko wuce haddi zai bayyana kansa ta fuskoki daban-daban.
Gwajin ƙwayar cuta don tantance adadin hormone a jiki za'a iya tsara shi ta ƙwararrun likitanci ko kuma ya zama sanadiyyar sha'awar mai haƙuri don dalilai na hanawa.
Alamu na yau da kullun na adadin hormone an kafa su ne ta hanyar bayanan likita a cikin iyakoki masu zuwa:
- a cikin ƙuruciya, matakan insulin na iya zama ɗan ƙasa kaɗan fiye da na manya, kuma zai iya kasancewa daga raka'a uku zuwa ashirin a cikin guntu
- A cikin maza da mata, ana kiyaye iyakokin al'ada har zuwa babba alamar rukunin ashirin da biyar
- asalin yanayin haihuwar mata masu juna biyu yana fuskantar canje-canje masu ban mamaki, saboda haka, a wannan lokacin, daga raka'a shida zuwa ashirin da takwas akan kwayar ta ana daukar su matsayin insulin.
Cutar sankara, wanda aka gudanar don tantance insulin hormone (duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani) da kuma adadinsa a jiki, ya ƙunshi tarin ƙwayar venous.
A wannan yanayin, shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen zasu zama daidaitattun ka'idoji:
- Ana gudanar da samfuran kayan gwaji da safe kuma koyaushe a kan komai a ciki. Wannan yana nufin cewa mutum bai kamata ya ci abinci da abubuwan sha daban-daban ba (banda ruwa na yau da kullun) aƙalla takwas zuwa goma kafin aikin.
- Kari akan haka, jerin abubuwanda aka haramta sun hada da goge haƙoranku da haƙogin da ke ƙunshe da sukari, sanyaya bakin tare da samfuran tsabta na musamman, da shan sigari.
- Ya kamata a lura cewa ɗaukar wasu rukunin magunguna na iya gurbata hoto na ainihi. Don haka, ya zama dole a cire shigowar su cikin jiki a ranar tashin jini (sai dai idan irin wadannan kwayoyi suna da mahimmanci ga mutum), to likitan halartar ya yanke shawarar abin da zai yi a halin da ake ciki.
- A ranar hawan hanyoyin bincike, ba a ba da shawarar yin wasanni ko cika jikin mutum da yawan motsa jiki.
Kari ga haka, idan za ta yiwu, kada a gwada damuwa da sauran damuwa.
Nan da nan kafin hanyar, kana buƙatar kwantar da hankali kuma shakata kaɗan (minti goma zuwa goma sha biyar).
Menene rashi ko wuce haddi na hormone ya nuna?
Rashin isasshen ko adadin adadin kwayoyin a jikin mutum na iya zama alama ta ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban kuma yana cutar da lafiyar mutum sosai.
Abin da ya sa ke nan, ya kamata ku saurara sosai a jikin ku kuma, idan bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana, kuyi binciken likita.
Idan an sami ɓarna a cikin sakamakon bincike, ya kamata ku nemi shawarar babban masanin ilimin endocrinologist.
Insara yawan insulin yana ba da gudummawa ga bayyanuwar alamun:
- yunwar da ba ta kamewa ba tare da mutum ya bi ta yini ba, rashin iya ci, rashin jin daɗin rai;
- gajiya na jiki, ji na kasala mai wahala da raguwa a matakin aiki;
- matukar kara girman yanayin gumi, koda mutum yana cikin kwanciyar hankali;
- abin da ya faru na matsaloli tare da numfashi, bayyanar da ƙarancin numfashi a ƙarancin motsa jiki ko aiki mai ƙarfi;
- haɓaka matsaloli tare da fata, bayyanar itching, redness ko rashes;
- koda tare da salon rayuwa na yau da kullun da abincin da ba a canzawa ba, akwai karuwar nauyi mai nauyi, wanda galibi yakan haifar da kiba a ciki.
Bugu da kari, mutum na iya fuskantar matsalar karancin ƙwaƙwalwa tare da raguwa mai yawa a cikin damuwa da rashin iya yin hankali. Wannan alamarin ya fito fili musamman a cikin mutanen da ke yin aikin tunani.
A cikin mafi yawan lokuta masu rauni, alamun bayyanar matakan insulin jini na iya bayyana azaman rikicewar bacci ko matsaloli tare da aikin koda na al'ada.
Abubuwan da suka haifar da gajere kuma karuwa akai-akai ana iya bambanta su. A wasu halaye, mutum da kansa, ba tare da sanin hakan ba, yana tsokanar haɓakar alamu na yau da kullun, cinye adadin kuzarin samfuran carbohydrate mai sauƙi.
Babban dalilan karuwar adadin hodar a cikin jini (aikin insulin) na iya faruwa idan akwai dalilai masu zuwa:
- Sha'awar rasa nauyi, wanda ke tattare da aiki tare da manne wa abinci "da ba a daidaita ba" ko kuma tsawan yunwar.
- Wucin motsa jiki na motsa jiki ko motsa jiki mai nauyi wanda ke yanke jiki.
- Rashin daidaituwa wurin aiki-da kuma yawan gajiya.
- Mummunan motsin rai, tabin hankali da damuwa.
- Kasancewar wuce haddi mai nauyi, wanda hakan ke damun jihar jijiyoyin jini kuma zai iya haifar da rushewar jinsi na al'ada.
- Mahimmancin rashi na bitamin da ma'adanai a cikin jiki, musamman chromium da bitamin E.
- Paarancin ƙwayar ciki da bawo.
- Tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin kodan, samuwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta da mummunan cuta a cikin gabobin.
Ayyukan insulin a cikin jiki an tsara shi ta hanyar da isasshen samarwarsa ya zama mai lalata irin na 1 ko ciwon sukari na 2. Tsarin ƙarancin kuɗi na iya kuma nuna gaban waɗannan kasawar:
- rikice-rikice a cikin aikin yau da kullun na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta;
- aikin bacin rai na abin ciki
- hanya na ciwon maɗamfari, musamman a cikin na kullum.
Rashin insulin na iya faruwa sakamakon haɗuwa da abubuwan da ke tafe:
- Jagoranci rayuwa mara aiki da aiki mai kauri.
- Rage cin abinci na yau da kullun game da abinci mai sukari da sauran ƙananan carbohydrates.
- Wuce kima da damuwa da tabin hankali.
Rashin insulin kuma na iya tsokanar aikin jiki.
Wani irin abin roba ne?
Insulin na roba - menene?
Kayan fasahar kimiyyar zamani ya bada damar samun irin wannan kwayar halitta ta wucin gadi kuma daga baya ta yi amfani da ita dan kula da ire-iren cututtukan cututtukan siga.
A yau, akwai nau'ikan insulin daban-daban waɗanda aka ba da damar masu ciwon sukari su ɗauke shi a yanayi daban-daban.
Hanyoyin hormones na asali na roba wadanda aka yi amfani dasu don allurar subcutaneous sun hada da:
- Abubuwan da ke tattare da bayyanar ultrashort magani ne, wanda ke nuna ayyukansa a cikin mintina biyar bayan gudanarwa. Ana lura da mafi girman sakamakon warkewa kusan sa'a daya bayan allura. A lokaci guda, sakamakon allurar ta zama wani ɗan gajeren lokaci.
- Insulin-gajeran aiki yakan fara aiki kamar rabin sa'a bayan gudanarwarsa a fata. Ya kamata a ɗauka cikin zuciya cewa dole ne a ɗauki irin wannan insulin kamar minti goma sha biyar kafin cin abinci. A wannan yanayin, yana yiwuwa a sami iyakar tasirin warkewa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, duk kwayoyin halitta masu gajeren zango an tsara su ne don hana bayyanar cututtukan hyperglycemia, wanda galibi ana lura dashi bayan cin abinci a cikin masu ciwon sukari.
- Hormone na matsakaici matsakaici ana amfani dashi a hade tare da gajeren insulins. Lokacin aikinsu, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana daga awa goma sha biyu zuwa sha shida. Ga mai haƙuri da cutar sankara, zai isa ya gudanar da allurar guda biyu zuwa uku na irin wannan magani a kowace rana. Tasirin warkewa bayan allura ya fara bayyana bayan sa'o'i biyu zuwa uku, kuma ana yawan lura da yawan jinin a bayan awa shida zuwa takwas.
- Ana amfani da insulin na dogon lokaci a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da gajeren insulins. Dole ne a gudanar dashi sau ɗaya a rana, yawanci da safe. Babban dalilin insulin mai dorewa shine don kula da matakin al'ada na glycemia da dare. Ingancin allurar allurar yana fara bayyana bayan kimanin sa'o'i shida, kuma tasirin kansa yana iya kasancewa daga sa'o'i ashirin da huɗu zuwa talatin da shida.
Har ila yau, akwai rukuni na musamman na magunguna, wanda ya haɗu da nau'ikan homon guda biyu - gajere da aiki mai tsayi (dole ne a haɗe su nan da nan kafin gudanar da maganin). A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana ɗaukar irin wannan cakuda insulin kai tsaye kafin abinci sau biyu a rana.
Ya kamata a sani cewa dukkanin magungunan insulin na yau da kullun ana yin su ne bisa tushen ɗan adam.
An bayyana ka'idodin aikin insulin a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
