Matsakaicin sukari na jini shine mafi mahimmancin alama da aka yi amfani da shi don tabbatar da bayyanar cutar sankara. Hanyar rayuwa ta zamani ta yi nesa da wanda ya dace: mutane sun daina cin abinci mai kyau, kuma an maye gurbin zirga-zirgar tafiye-tafiye da wasannin bidiyo da sufuri da wasannin bidiyo.
Duk wannan yana haifar da bayyanar nauyin wuce kima, wanda shine "aboki" na ciwon sukari.
Wannan cuta ta zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin jihar mu saboda tana cikin ƙasashe biyar da ke jagorantar abin da ya faru. Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar a duba yawan jinin mutum a kalla sau biyu a shekara.
Me yasa glycemia ya tashi?
Lokacin da ciwon sukari ya ci gaba, yawan sukari jini yakan tashi sau da yawa. Wannan cuta tana da dabi'ar endocrine, saboda sakamakon gazawar tsarin garkuwar jiki, jikin mutum ya fara samarda magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta a jikin kwayar sa ta beta, wadanda suke a cikin tsibirin islet na pancreas.
Akwai nau'ikan "cutar rashin lafiya", watau insulin-dogara, non-insulin-da kuma nau'in gestational.
Nau'in nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari yana faruwa a cikin ƙuruciya, saboda haka ana kiran shi "ƙananan yara." Likitocin sukan gano cutar sankarau har zuwa shekaru 10-12. Babban bambanci daga nau'in cuta na biyu shine cewa ana iya daidaita sukari ta hanyar allurar insulin. Wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin karfin kumburin kumburin kirji ya samar da wani sinadari wanda ke rage glucose. Duk da cewa wannan shine tushen samar da kuzari ga kowane kwayar halitta a cikin jiki, yawan tarawa a cikin jini yana haifar da "matsananciyar yunwa" a matakin salula kuma yana iya haifar da mutuwa.
Nau'in cuta ta biyu ta girma cikin balaga - fara daga shekara 40-45. Ofayan manyan dalilai na haɓakawa an ɗauke shi kiba, kodayake akwai wasu dalilai masu yawa (launin, jinsi, cututtukan haɗin gwiwa, da sauransu). Productionarin samar da insulin yana faruwa a cikin jiki, amma masu karɓa na tsoka suna fara amsawa ba daidai ba. Wannan sabon abu ana kiransa "jurewar insulin." A cikin farkon gano cutar sankarar mama, ana samun daidaituwa na jinin sukari ta hanyar lura da abinci mai mahimmanci da ilimin jiki.
Cutar sankarar mahaifa wani nau'in cuta ce da ke tasowa a cikin mata masu juna biyu saboda yanayin motsa jiki. Ingantaccen magani yana ba ku damar mantawa game da wannan cutar bayan haihuwa.
Wadanne alamu za su iya nuna ciwon sukari? Babban alamun cutar shine polyuria da ƙishirwa koyaushe. Baya ga su, kuna buƙatar kulawa da irin waɗannan siginar jikin mutum:
- ciwon kai da tashin hankali;
- karuwa cikin karfin jini;
- katsewa ko ƙarancin ƙananan hanyoyin;
- bushewa a cikin rami na baka.
- rage ƙarancin gani;
- farin ciki, barci mara kyau;
- yunwar da ba ta dace ba;
- kurji a fata da itching;
- nauyi asara;
- haila rashin daidaituwa;
Bugu da ƙari, matsalolin da suka danganci aikin jima'i na iya faruwa.
Gwajin glucose na jini
A ganawar tare da endocrinologist, bayan mai haƙuri ya bayyana duk alamun da mai haƙuri yake da shi, ƙwararren likitan ya umurce shi da ya bincika
Sakamakon binciken, zaku iya tsayar da adadin sukari a cikin jini.
An gudanar da gwajin ne ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti na ma'aikatar lafiya.
Dole ne a yi gwajin glucose sau biyu a shekara ga mutanen da suke:
- da dangi masu dauke da cutar sankara;
- fama da matsanancin kiba;
- fama da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki;
- ta haifi yaro wanda nauyinsa ya kai kilo 4.1 (mata);
- fada cikin rukunin shekaru sama da 40.
Kafin bayar da gudummawar jini don sukari a cikin awanni 24 da suka gabata, kuna buƙatar shirya kaɗan, saboda shiri mara kyau don bincike zai iya haifar da sakamakon karya. Kada mutane su wuce da kansu tare da gajiya da aiki mai nauyi. Amma wannan baya nufin cewa kuna buƙatar barin duk abincin da ke dauke da carbohydrate gabaɗaya, saboda komai yana da amfani cikin matsakaici.
Tunda ana gudanar da karatun ne da safe, an hana marasa lafiya damar cin kowane abinci da safe kuma suna shan abin sha, ko dai kofi ko shayi. Yana da daraja sanin cewa waɗannan dalilai masu zuwa suna shafar alamar nuna sukari a cikin jinin mutum:
- Damuwa da bacin rai.
- Kamuwa da cuta da cututtuka na kullum.
- Lokacin haihuwar yaro.
- Mummunar gajiya, alal misali, bayan jujjuyawar dare.
Idan aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da muka ambata a sama suna cikin mutum, dole ne ya yi gwajin jini. Suna buƙatar kawar dasu saboda matakin glucose ya koma yanayin da ya saba.
Ana ɗaukar kayan halitta daga yatsa, don an ɗauki wannan adadi kaɗan na jinin haila. Wannan hanyar tana da sauki kuma tana bukatar sakamako cikin sauri:
- 3.5 - 5.5 mmol / L - ƙimar al'ada (babu ciwon sukari);
- 5.6 - 6.1 mmol / l - karkatar da alamu yana nuna yanayin cutar maleriya;
- fiye da 6.1 mmol / l - ci gaban ilimin halayyar cuta.
Idan sukari na jini ya zarce 5.6 ko 6.1 mmol / L, ana yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje, alal misali, yin nazari kan C-peptides, sannan likita ya haɗu da tsarin kulawar mutum.
Gwajin da aka sauko da gwajin jini na glycosylated
Akwai wasu hanyoyi don tantance sukarin jininka. A cikin aikin likita, ana yin gwajin jini don sukari sau da yawa tare da kaya. Wannan binciken game da raunin ciwon sukari ya haɗa da matakai biyu.
A matakin farko, ana yin samfurin mutum daga lamuran ciki. Sannan aka bashi damar shan ruwan mai dadi. Don yin wannan, ana narke sukari (100 g) cikin ruwa (300 ml). Bayan shan madarar mai, ana samarwa kayan kowane minti 30 na awanni biyu.
Don haka, menene mutum ya kamata ya samu cikin sukarin jini? Don yin wannan, an rarraba sigogi na bincike zuwa waɗanda aka ƙaddara a kan komai a ciki, kuma waɗanda aka ɗauka bayan shan madara mai zaki.
Tebur da ke ƙasa yana nuna sukari na jini (al'ada) ga kowane yanayi.
| Bayan shan ruwan tare da sukari | A kan komai a ciki | |
| Al'ada | kasa da 7.8 mmol / l | daga 3.5 zuwa 5.5 mmol / l |
| Rage ciwon sukari | daga 7.8 zuwa 11.0 mmol / l | daga 5.6 zuwa 6.1 mmol / l |
| Ciwon sukari shine al'ada | fiye da 11.1 mmol / l | fiye da 6.1 mmol / l |
Mafi daidaituwa, amma kuma mafi tsawo binciken, ƙayyade yawan sukari a cikin jinin mai haƙuri shine gwajin haemoglobin. Ana yin hakan har tsawon watanni 2-4. A wannan lokacin, ana yin gwajin jini, sannan kuma an nuna sakamakon binciken.
Koyaya, lokacin zabar mafi dacewa game da gwajin sukari na jini, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan abubuwa biyu masu mahimmanci - saurin binciken da daidaiton sakamako.
Adadin sukari ya danganta da yawan abinci da abinci
Mene ne ƙudirin sukari na jini a cikin yara da manya? An rarraba wannan manuniya ta hanyar shekaru, wato, nau'ikan shekaru daban-daban na yawan kwantar da hankali na glucose ya dace da kowane nau'in shekaru.
Yawancin marasa lafiya suna amfani da tebur na musamman domin sanin yadda yawan glucose ya kamata ya kasance cikin jini.
| Shekaru | Norms na jini |
| Yaran | Ba a yin amfani da gwargwado ba sau da yawa, tunda abubuwan da ke cikin glucose suna da yawa sosai a wannan zamani |
| Yara (shekaru 3-6) | 3.3 - 5.4 mmol / L |
| Yara (shekaru 6-11) | 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L |
| Matasa (12-14 years old) | 3.3 - 5.6 mmol / L |
| Manya (shekaru 14-61) | 4.1 - 5.9 mmol / L |
| Dattijo (shekaru 62 da haihuwa) | 4.6 - 6.4 mmol / L |
| Shekarun tsufa (sama da shekara 90) | 4.2 - 6.7 mmol / l |
Consideredaramin karkacewa cikin mata masu juna biyu da mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 40 ana ɗauka abin da aka saba. Tabbas, a irin waɗannan halayen, canje-canje na hormonal suna taka rawa.
Adadin sukari na jini bayan cin abinci na iya bambanta. Wannan tsari ne mai cikakken fahimta, saboda bayan cin abinci a jikin mutum, yawan adadin glucose kadai ba amma sauran abubuwan yana kara haɓaka.
| Range of dabi'u a kan komai a ciki, mmol / l | 0.8-1.1 hours bayan abincin, mmol / l | Adadin jini ya zama al'ada bayan sa'o'i 2 na shigar, mmol / l | Cutar cutar |
| 5,5-5,7 | 8,9 | 7,8 | Lafiya (sukari na al'ada) |
| 7,8 | 9,0-12 | 7,9-11 | Prediabetic jihar (darajar babban sukari a cikin manya) |
| 7.8 kuma ƙari | 12.1 da sama | 11.1 kuma ƙari | Ciwon sukari mellitus (ba al'ada) |
Game da yara, a shekarunsu ana daukar dabi'ar sukari da jini kwatankwacin manya. Koyaya, kuzarin lalatawa mahaɗan carbohydrate a cikin jarirai suna da ƙananan ƙima. Teburin mai zuwa yana taimakawa wajen ƙayyade abin da al'ada ta glucose ya kamata bayan cin abinci.
| Mai nuna alama akan komai a ciki, mmol / l | 0.8-1.1 hours bayan abincin, mmol / l | Adadin jini ya zama al'ada bayan sa'o'i 2 na shigar, mmol / l | Cutar cutar |
| 3,3 | 6,1 | 5,1 | Lafiya kalau |
| 6,1 | 9,0-11,0 | 8,0-10,0 | Cutar sukari |
| 6,2 | 11,1 | 10,1 | Ciwon sukari mellitus |
Wadannan alamomi suna nuni ne, tunda a cikin yara, ya fi na manya yawa, akwai raguwa ko karuwa a matakin glucose mai iyaka. Mene ne al'ada a cikin sukari na yaro zai iya tabbatar da shi ne ta hanyar likitancin endocrinologist.
Yadda zaka bincika sukari da kanka?
Idan wasu mutane suna buƙatar gudummawar jini don sukari sau ɗaya a kowane watanni shida, to, masu ciwon sukari dole ne suyi maganin ƙwayar cutar glycemia sau da yawa a rana.
Don ƙayyade ƙimar sukari na jini, kuna buƙatar na'urar musamman - glucometer. Dole ne na'urar ta cika waɗannan buƙatu kamar gudu, daidaito, dacewa da tsada mai tsada.
Don haka, glucometer na masana'antun cikin gida Satellite din ya cika duk waɗannan buƙatu. A Intanet za ku iya samun rayayyun bayanai masu kyau game da na'urar.
Yawancin fa'idodi na glucometer sun hada da masu zuwa:
- Ana buƙatar ƙaramin digo na jini don bincika yadda sukari mai ciwon sukari yake.
- Memorywaƙwalwar ciki na na'urar zata iya adana har zuwa ma'aunai 60;
- Kasancewar kashe-kashe wa wadanda suka manta yin shi da kansu.
Kuna buƙatar sanin ƙa'idodi don ɗaukar jini a gida. Da farko kuna buƙatar karanta umarnin don amfani da na'urar, sannan bi waɗannan matakan:
- Wanke hannun da sabulu kuma ku ci gaba da yatsa inda za a yi hujin.
- Shafa shafin farjin tare da maganin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.
- Yi hujin ta amfani da sassaka.
- Matsi da digo na biyu a jini a kan tsiri na musamman na gwaji.
- Sanya tsiri gwajin a cikin mit ɗin.
- Jira har jimlar ta bayyana akan na'urar.
Guban jini shine alamomi masu mahimmanci saboda wanda likita yace ko mutum yana da ciwon sukari. Koyaya, yana dawowa al'ada lokacin da mara lafiya ya lura da waɗannan ƙa'idodi:
- cin abinci mai-mai mai yawa kuma yana iyakance yawan cin abinci mai narkewa mai sauƙin narkewa;
- tsunduma a kai a kai a cikin aikin jiyya;
- yana ɗaukar magungunan da suka cancanta dangane da cutar sankara.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ya zuwa shekarar 2017, an shirya jerin magungunan da ake so, don haka masu ciwon sukari yanzu za su iya tattara takardu don karɓar magungunan da suke buƙata.
Ko sukari na iya canzawa ya danganta da yawan shekaru, kayan abinci da sauran abubuwan an riga an tsara su. Babban abu shine jagorantar rayuwa mai kyau, sannan matakin glucose zai koma al'ada.
Masana za su yi magana game da adadin sukarin jini a cikin bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin.
