A wani matsin lamba zan iya ɗaukar Kapoten: umarni da sake dubawa

Kapoten shine farkon ACE inhibitor, wanda aka fara amfani dashi a aikace na asibiti. Ana amfani dashi na rayayye yanzu, duk da tarin zaɓi na sababbin magungunan antihypertensive. Kapoten ya kasance magani ne na zabi don magance matsalolin rikice-rikice masu hauhawar jini, rigakafin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya, dakatar da ci gaban zuciya da bugun zuciya. Kapoten magani ne na asali wanda kamfanin Amurka Bristol-Myers Squibb ya kirkiro. A Rasha, ana samar da shi daga ɗayan manyan masana'antun masana'antar Akrikhin a zaman wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwar lasisi da kuma bin ka'idodin ingancin ƙasashen duniya.

Wanene aka wajabta maganin?

Jikinmu yana da tsari na musamman na RAAS wanda ke tsara alaƙar da ke tsakanin zuciya, tasoshin jini, da sauran gabobin jiki masu mahimmanci. Idan ya cancanta, wannan tsarin yana amsawa da sauri: ya ɗaga da rage matsin lamba. Lokacin da ka'idar matsin lamba ta lalace, m hauhawar jini yakan faru. Tare da karuwa a juriya na jijiyoyin jiki, sauran cututtukan kuma suna haɓakawa: myocardium yana haɓaka, ayyukan endothelium na ganuwar jijiyoyin jiki sun lalace, kuma dukiyar jini don rushe ƙwanƙwasa jini yana raguwa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wadannan rikice-rikice na tsawan lokaci kuma kusan ba za a iya sauya su ba. Zai iya yiwuwa koyaushe don magance su ta hanyoyin da ba magunguna ba, yawancin marasa lafiya za su sha magungunan kwayar cutar ci gaba.

A wani matsin lamba ne zan sha wannan kwayoyi? Matsayi gaba ɗaya wanda aka yarda dashi wanda shine al'ada don gano hauhawar jini ya fi 140 (systolic) zuwa 90 (diastolic). Idan matsin lambar ya wuce waɗannan ƙayyadaddun lokutan, zaku sha Allunan don rayuwa. Zai dace da zaɓar waɗancan magungunan da ba kawai kawar da hauhawar jini ba, harma suna yaƙi da rikice-rikice masu rikice-rikice. Ofayan mafi kyawun zaɓi shine masu hana ACE. Anyi nazarin waɗannan kayan aikin sosai kuma an sami nasarar yin amfani da su tsawon shekarun da suka gabata. Captopril shine magani na farko a cikin kungiyar; Bristol-Myers Squibb ne ya kirkireshi a shekarar 1975 karkashin sunan mai suna Kapoten. Ya juya cewa wannan sinadarin yana rage karfin da kyau koda a cikin waɗancan marasa lafiya waɗanda wasu magungunan antihypertensive basu da tasiri. Nasarar da Kapoten ya samu ya zuga masana'antar harhada magunguna don samar da sabbin hanyoyin hana magunguna. Yanzu ƙungiyar tana da abubuwa da yawa masu aiki.

Abinda ke taimakawa Kapoten:

1. Babban nuni ga amfani shine hauhawar jini, gami da gyara jini, wato, ta hanyar toshewar hanji.
2. A cikin rauni na zuciya, ana amfani dashi a hade tare da wasu kwayoyi.
3. Bayan bugun zuciya, an sanya magani a daidai lokacin da yanayin haƙuri ya daidaita.
4. A cikin masu ciwon sukari tare da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan daji, ana amfani da Kapoten da analogues don hana ci gaban cututtukan koda.

Yaya maganin Kapoten

Haɗin haɗin haɗi mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin RAAS shine juyowar ƙwayar ƙwayar jijiya mai ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi na angiotensin I zuwa angiotensin II, wanda ke da ikon haɓakawa da tsauraran matakan jijiyoyin jini, ta haka yana haifar da hauhawar ƙarfi. Wannan canjin zai yiwu kawai tare da halartar enzyme ACE. Kapoten yana hana ACE, wato, ya cutar da aikinsa.

Sakamakon hana shiga:

1. A cikin matsakaicin sashi, ƙwayar ta rage matsa lamba na systolic by 15-30, diastolic - by 10-20 raka'a. Dangane da aiki, yana gab da thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, alli. Babban fa'idar Kapoten akan waɗannan kwayoyi shine iyawarsa don rage yawan bugun zuciya na jini, ta haka ne zai rage yawan tashin zuciya. A cikin binciken daya wuce fiye da shekaru 6, an gano cewa Kapoten yana hana bayyanar cututtukan zuciya, yana rage mace-mace ta hanyar 46% a cikin marasa lafiya wanda aka wajabta maganin rigakafin a karon farko.
2. Kapoten shine kawai mai hana ACE inhibitor wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman taimakon gaggawa a cikin karfin matsin lamba. Idan kun sanya kwaya a karkashin harshen, matsi zai fara raguwa bayan minti 10. Rage zai zama santsi, matsakaicin sakamako zai kasance a bayyane bayan awa daya, awanni 6 zai zauna.
3. Nadin Kapoten a ranar farko bayan bugun zuciya yana inganta rayuwa da kashi 7%, bayan wata daya da aka yi masa magani zai rage yiwuwar ci gaban bugun zuciya da kashi 19%, kuma yana rage yiwuwar sake dawowar zuciya da kashi 25%.
4. A cikin raunin zuciya, babban adadin Kapoten yana ba da gudummawa ga raguwar mace-mace (ta hanyar 19%), rage yawan asibitoci (ta hanyar 22%), da inganta yanayin rayuwar marasa lafiya.
5. Sakamakon hana daukar ciki na Kapoten ya haɓaka zuwa ƙwayoyin koda. Magungunan yana rage matsin lamba a cikin duniyan koda, yana hana lalata su. A cikin marasa lafiya da masu fama da cutar sankara wanda ke shan Kapoten na dogon lokaci (daga shekaru 3), matsakaicin matakin creatinine yana ƙasa, ƙasa da yawa akwai buƙatar dialysis ko juyawar koda.
6. Kapoten yana taimakawa rage juriya insulin, yana da tasirin antioxidant. Yana da 14-21% (bayanai daga karatu daban-daban) yana rage yiwuwar kamuwa da ciwon sukari. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa wannan shine "mai laifi" rukuni na sulfhydryl a cikin kwayar ta captopril.

Fitar saki da sashi

Kapoten an yi shi a cikin nau'ikan allunan ba tare da yin fim ba a cikin sashi ɗaya - 25 MG. Allunan an sanye su da tsari mai ƙirar giciye, wanda a garesu ya karye don samun rabin da ɗaya na huɗu.

Captopril, wanda ake amfani dashi don yin Capoten, an haɗu dashi a cikin Ireland, Spain da China. Samun Allunan ta amfani da magunguna masu ƙoshin magani an fi mai da hankali a cikin Federationungiyar Rasha da Ostiraliya. A cewar marasa lafiya, a cikin kantin magunguna na Rasha zaka iya siyan magani kawai na samarwa na gida. Yin aikin Allunan, kayan kwalliyar su da ingancin su na Akrikhin ne.

Hawan jini da hauhawar jini za su kasance abubuwan da suka gabata - kyauta

Cutar zuciya da bugun jini sune sanadin kusan kashi 70% na duk mutuwar a duniya. Bakwai daga cikin mutane goma suna mutuwa saboda toshewar hanyoyin zuciya ko kwakwalwa. A kusan dukkanin lokuta, dalilin irin wannan mummunan ƙarshen shine guda ɗaya - matsin lamba akan hauhawar jini.

Yana yiwuwa kuma dole don sauƙaƙe matsi, in ba haka ba komai. Amma wannan ba ya warkar da cutar da kanta, amma kawai tana taimakawa wajen magance bincike, kuma ba dalilin cutar ba.

• Normalization na matsa lamba - 97%
• Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 80%
• Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya - 99%
• Cire ciwon kai - 92%
• Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare - 97%

Nawa ne Kapoten:

• shirya tare da Allunan 28 za su kashe kimanin 170 rubles;
• farashin 40 shafin. - 225 rubles .;
• Shafin 56. kudin kusan 305 rubles.

Da sashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi ne mutum ga kowane haƙuri. Dangane da umarnin, an zaɓi allurai gwargwadon dalilin aikin cutar da tsananin cutar:

Yadda ake ɗauka

An bayyana fasalolin amfani da Kapoten dalla dalla a cikin umarnin:

• mita liyafar - daga sau 2. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da sau uku lokacin da ake sarrafa fiye da 100 MG na captopril a kowace rana, saboda fiye da allunan 2 na Kapoten a lokaci guda ba a so su sha. Tsawon lokacin aiwatarwa a cikin marasa lafiya daban-daban daga 6 zuwa 12 hours. Idan kun sha Allunan sau 2, kuma a lokacin kashi na gaba, hawan jini ya fara tashi, likitoci sun bada shawarar rarraba kashi na yau da kullun sau 3 sannan ku sha shi daidai-daidai awa 8;
• Tasirin Kapoten ya sha bamban da yadda aka sha kwayoyin kafin abinci ko bayan abincin. Rashin bioavailability na captopril yana da mahimmanci (daga 30 zuwa 55% a cikin marasa lafiya daban-daban) an rage idan kun sha shi da abinci. Don mafi yawan ƙwayoyi don shiga cikin jini kuma fara aiki, yana ɗaukar awa 1. Don ingantaccen tasiri, umarnin don amfani da Kapoten yana ba da shawarar shan allunan a kan komai a ciki, kafin cin abinci ya zama akalla sa'a guda;
• don hana sakamako masu illa, ya kamata a bincika kodan kafin amfani da Kapoten na farko. Yana da kyau a yi bincike na duban dan tayi, bayar da gudummawar jini don creatinine, urea, da kuma yin gwajin fitsari baki daya. Yayin magani, ana kara maimaita irin waɗannan karatun kowane watanni shida;
• kowane wata 2 suna yin gwajin jini gaba ɗaya, ana kula da kulawa ta musamman ga matakin leukocytes. Idan suna ƙasa da al'ada, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar tuntuɓi likita. A matakin da ke ƙasa 1 dubu / µl - likita na gaggawa;
• Kapoten na iya haifar da tsananin fushi, yana shafar yawan tashin hankali da ikon yin hankali, sabili da haka, koyarwar ba ta ba da shawarar marasa lafiya su fitar da mota, musamman a farkon jiyya.

Yadda ake ɗaukar Kapoten: ƙarƙashin harshe ko sha

Maƙerin sun ba da hanyoyi guda 2 don ɗaukar allunan: ana iya sanya su a ƙarƙashin harshe ko buguwa. Gudanar da maganin baka (haɗiye, sha tare da ruwa) ana bada shawara ga marasa lafiya da ke shan maganin yau da kullun. An fi son gudanar da aikin ƙarƙashin ƙasa (ƙarƙashin harshe kafin resorption) lokacin da ake amfani da Kapoten don inganta yanayin a cikin hauhawar jini. Har yaushe maganin zai fara aiki ya dogara da hanyar amfani dashi. Tare da gudanarwa na baka, ana bayyana sakamako na farko bayan minti 20, sublingual - 10 minutes.

An ba da izinin amfani da allunan kawai tare da rikici mai rikitarwa. Alamomin ta: hawan jini, amai, tashin zuciya, ciwon ciki, rauni. Ana ba da haƙuri daga rabi zuwa duka kwamfutar hannu Kapoten. A cikin awa ɗaya na farko, matsa lamba ya kamata ya ragu da 20% daga matakin farko. Idan wannan bai faru ba, za a iya ƙara yawan kashi na Kapoten. Yana da kyawawa cewa alamu suna daidaita sannu a hankali, a cikin kwanaki 1-2, tunda raguwarsu mai kaifi suna da haɗari.

Idan hauhawar jini yana da rikicewa ko asarar sani, cramps, shortness of numfashi, matsananciyar damuwa a cikin sternum, ana ganin rikicin yana da rikitarwa. Kapoten a wannan yanayin ba shi da tasiri, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar ƙwararren likita.

M sakamako masu illa

Duk magunguna na ƙungiyar inhibitor na ACE suna da alaƙa da sakamako masu illa. Kapoten ba togiya. Lokacin ɗaukar shi, waɗannan masu yiwuwa ne:

• tari (mitar har zuwa 10%) - ɓarna, bushe, maraici da dare. Ba ya shafar aikin huhu. Dangane da sake dubawa, wannan tasirin na iya lalata mummunan ingancin rayuwa, har zuwa lokacin rashin bacci;
• tashin zuciya, ɗanɗanar ɓarna (har zuwa 10%);
• rashin lafiyan, ciki har da kurji (ƙasa da 10%) da angioedema (har zuwa 1%);
• hypotension (har zuwa 1% na marasa lafiya). Sakamako na gefen yawanci yakan faru ne a farkon farawa, tare da yawan shan magunguna ko kuma tare da yin amfani da shi tare da diuretics;
• lalacewar aikin na renal, proteinuria (kasa da 0.1%);
• hyperkalemia (har zuwa 0.01%);
• neutropenia - digo ne a cikin matakin sel sel na farin fari (har zuwa 0.01%);
• rashin ƙarfi (ƙasa da 0.01%).

Contraindications

Cire Kapoten daga jiki yana gudana ne ta hanjin kodan. A cikin tsari mai aiki, rabin gef ɗin gwal an cire shi, sauran abubuwan kuma an lalata su a hanta. Kwayoyin cuta mai mahimmanci na hanta da kodan (ƙarancin rashin ƙarfi, kumbura da ƙwayar jijiya, tarihin ƙaddamar da ƙwayar koda) sune contraindications ga Kapoten far, tun da pharmacokinetics na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin irin wannan marasa lafiya na iya bambanta sosai da waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin umarnin don amfani. Tare da babban yiwuwar, cirewar captopril zai zama mai rauni, natsuwa cikin jini zai karu zuwa ƙimar haɗari. An cika yawan zubar da jini tare da matsanancin rashin damuwa, har zuwa yanayin rawar jiki.

Tsabtace jiki na rashin lafiyar rashin lafiyar da rashin lafiyan jiki ga kowane ɗayan abubuwan Kapoten Allunan ko ga abu mai aiki, wanda shine mai hanawa ACE, shima contraindication ne. Musamman masu haɗarin gaske shine angioedema. Yana iya yadawa zuwa maƙogwaron, hanci, da hancinsa na baki da haddasa wahalar numfashi ga rayuwa.

Magungunan ƙwayar maganin aliskiren (Rasilez da analogues) suna aiki akan ƙa'idar guda ɗaya kamar captopril: yana toshe tsarin RAAS, don haka haɗuwa da waɗannan magunguna yana ƙara yawan tasirin tasirin sakamako. Babban haɗarin yana cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari da gazawar koda (GFR a ƙasa 60).

A lokacin daukar ciki, haramun ne Kapoten. A cikin satin farko na 1, hadarin amfani yana da ƙasa, haɗarin cutarwar tayin ba shi da ƙima. A cikin watanni biyu na 3 da na 3, miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya haifar da rikice-rikice na haɓaka haɓaka, mafi haɗari daga gare su shine lalata koda, cututtukan kasusuwa kwanyar fata. Ba za ku iya komawa shan Kapoten ba bayan haihuwa, idan kuna shayarwa. Kusan 1% na captopril a cikin jini ya shiga cikin madara, wanda zai iya haifar da hypotension a cikin jariri kuma yana haifar da sakamako masu illa. Umarni akan jerin contraindications sun hada da shekarun yara, kodayake, likitoci na iya amfani da maganin don magance matsalar hauhawar jini a cikin samari.

Babu wani bayani game da daidaituwa da barasa a cikin umarnin Kapoten. Ethanol ba ya hulɗa tare da captopril, amma yana ba da gudummawa wajen ƙaruwa da mummunan yanayin hauhawar jini, don haka likitoci sun hana duk wani giya na tsawon lokacin magani.

Analogs da wasu abubuwa

Ana shigar da alamun Kapoten masu zuwa a cikin rajista na magungunan Rashanci:

Kwatantawa da irin kwayoyi

A cikin nazarin likitoci, kwatancen Kapoten tare da “tsohuwar doki” a kai a kai, wanda ba zai kwace ɓarna ba, kuma zai samar da matsa lamba ga marasa lafiya. Sakamakon kwatanta miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da wasu kwayoyi - Masu hana ACE:

1. Rage matsin lamba wanda za'a iya cimmawa tare da masu hana ACE kusan iri ɗaya ne ga duk abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin ƙungiyar. Babban abu shine a zabi madaidaicin sashi.
2. Kapoten magani ne mai aiki, saboda haka ƙarfin aikinta ya dogara kaɗan kan yanayin hanta. Daga cikin rukuni na anapogues na Kapoten, kawai lisinopril (Diroton) shima yana aiki. Sauran mashahurin ACE inhibitors sune prodrugs, suna samun aiki bayan metabolism a cikin hanta.
3. Prodrugs suna aiki da hankali fiye da waɗanda ke aiki, saboda haka ba za a iya amfani dasu don rikicin hauhawar jini ba.
4. Dangane da umarnin, ya kamata a dauki allunan Kapoten sau 2 a rana.Drugsarin magunguna na zamani: enalapril (Enap), lisinopril, perindopril (Perineva) - sau ɗaya, saboda haka ana umurce su sau da yawa don amfani na dogon lokaci.
5. Idan Kapoten yana haifar da irin wannan sakamako kamar tashe tashen hankula, neutropenia, proteinuria, baza'a iya canza shi zuwa zofenopril (Zokardis) ba, saboda wadannan abubuwan suna da tsari iri daya. Amma kowane sauran masu hana ACE na iya zama madadin Kapoten, tare da babban matakin yuwuwar sakamako zai iya ɓacewa.

Kapoten ko Captopril: Wanne ya fi kyau ga rikicin?

Allunan, waɗanda aka sayar a ƙarƙashin alama mai suna Captopril, cikakkun analogues ne na miyagun ƙwayoyi Kapoten. Sun ƙunshi abu guda mai aiki kamar magani na asali. Dukkanin analogues ana gwada su don ƙirar halitta zuwa asalin. Matsakaicin ƙwayar abu mai aiki daga kwamfutar hannu, ƙarfi da tsawon lokacin sakamako mai banƙyama, umarnin don amfani da waɗannan magungunan suna kusa kamar yadda zai yiwu, saboda haka, idan ya cancanta, ana iya maye gurbinsu da Kapoten idan akwai matsala, kuma tare da amfani yau da kullun.

Neman Masu haƙuri