Insulin yana daya daga cikin mahimman kwayoyin halittar jikin mutum. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsari na metabolism. Insulin yana ba da gudummawa ga daidaituwa na glucose, yana shiga cikin aiwatar da glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown), kuma yana haɓaka aikin haɗin sunadarai da mai.
Rashin insulin yana haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata - nau'in ciwon sukari na 1. Wannan rashin lafiyar tana da mummunar tasiri a jikin duk mai haƙuri kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali na iya haifar da asarar hangen nesa, yanki na ƙarshen, bugun zuciya, bugun jini, gazawar koda, rashin ƙarfi game da jima'i, rasa haihuwa da sauran rikice rikice.
Babban matakan insulin a cikin jini, yawanci yana nuna ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Wannan cutar ba ta da hatsari ga ɗan adam fiye da ciwon sukari da ke dogara da insulin kuma yana iya haifar da mummunan sakamako har ma da mutuwar mai haƙuri.
Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don sanin menene matsayin insulin a cikin jinin maza, mata da yara, kuma menene zai iya haifar da ƙaruwa ko raguwa a cikin wannan alamar. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata ku tuna yadda ake yin gwajin jini don insulin da kuma yadda za ku yi shiri don wannan nau'in cutar.
Abubuwan insulin
Kowa ya san cewa insulin ainihin hormone ne mai mahimmanci, amma ba kowa ba ne zai iya faɗi da tabbacin abin da alhakinsa. Ya kamata a jaddada cewa insulin bashi da alamun analogues a jikin mutum, sabili da haka, duk wani cin zarafi a cikin sirrinsa yana haifar da mummunan keta a cikin jikin mutum.
Insulin na hormone yana ɓoye ta panc-sel, waɗanda suke cikin abin da ake kira tsibirin Langerhans. β-sel sun mamaye kashi 70% na kwayoyin, kuma sauran sassan ana lissafta su ta hanyar α-da-cells-sel, waɗanda suke samar da kwayoyin glucagon da somatostatin.
Tuni daga wannan ya bayyana sarai mahimmancin insulin shine ainihin aiki na jiki. Wannan hormone yana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar carbohydrates, waɗanda sune asalin tushen kuzari ga mutum. Insulin ne kawai zai iya kawo cikas na membranes cell kuma ya tabbatar da shigarwar glucose cikin sel.
Wannan yana taimakawa wajen daidaita ma'aunin kuzari mutum da kuma daidaita shi da mahimmanci. Sabili da haka, mutanen da ke haifar da insulin rauni koyaushe suna fama da rauni mai rauni da rashin tausayi. Koyaya, wannan yayi nesa da mallakar insulin kaɗai, wannan hormone shima yana da duka jerin sauran halaye masu mahimmanci iri ɗaya.
Aikin insulin a jikin dan adam:
- Insulin yana haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel, saboda wanda glucose ke shiga cikin tantanin halitta;
- Yana inganta rushewar glucose zuwa ga pyruvic acid - babban tushen samar da makamashi ga mutane;
- Yana haɗa kwayoyin glucose gaba ɗaya kuma ya juya su su zama glycogen, wanda daga nan ya tattara a cikin hanta da tsokoki azaman mai tanadin man;
- Rage aikin enzymes wanda ke rushewar kitse kuma don haka ya hana amfani da mai mai yawa azaman hanyoyin samar da makamashi;
- Yana haɓaka ɗaukar sunadarai, yana taimakawa sel su ɗaukar amino acid;
- Ciki sosai a cikin jikewar kyallen takarda tare da ions na ma'adanai, musamman potassium, magnesium da phosphorus;
- Bai yarda mai kitse ya shiga jini ba;
- Ya shiga cikin kwayar halittar DNA, ta haka inganta haɓakar nama;
- Inganta tsarin furotin, dakatar da aiwatar da rushewar su;
- Yana inganta halayyar kitse a hanta.
Yawan insulin a cikin jini a dukkan shekaru
Hankarin da ke ɓoye ƙwayoyin insulin na tsawon awanni 24 a rana, amma yawancin adadin kwayoyin sun ɓoye yayin abinci. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa bayan cin abinci a cikin matakan sukarin jini na mutum yana ƙaruwa sosai, kuma insulin yana taimaka wa rage yawan glucose da kuma adana shi a cikin iyakokin al'ada.
Idan jikin mai haƙuri ya ƙunshi insulin da yawa, wannan yana nuna cewa ƙwayoyin sa sun rasa hankalin wannan hormone. Ana lura da wannan babban insulin a cikin jini a cikin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 2, da kuma cikin mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin kiba da kuma cinye kayan cutarwa.
Gaskiyar ita ce babban mai kitse baya barin insulin yin hulɗa tare da ƙoshin jikin mutum, ta hakan yana haifar da karuwar glucose jini. A wannan yanayin, rage yawan insulin kawai zai iya raguwa ta hanyar sauke karin fam da kuma bin madaidaicin abincin maras nauyi.
Rashin insulin, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana shafar mutane tare da cin zarafin cututtukan fata. Akwai dalilai da yawa don rage ƙarancin insulin a cikin jini, babban wanda shine mutuwar β-sel. Irin wannan cin zarafi mai haɗari ba makawa yana haifar da mummunan ganewar asali - ciwon sukari na 1.
Sabili da haka, ya kamata a tuna da wane yanayi na insulin shine halayyar yara, manya da tsofaffi, da kuma abin da ake nufi da samun babban insulin zuwa raka'a al'ada. Lallai kar mu manta cewa insulin wani sinadari ne wanda yake daukar nauyin glucose, yawan karuwa wanda acikin jini yana cutar da mutane.
Yawan insulin na jini ga nau'ikan shekaru daban-daban:
- Yara - daga 3 zuwa 20 mced / l
- Mata - daga 3 zuwa 25 mked / l
- Mata a lokacin daukar ciki - daga 6 zuwa 26 mked / l
- Maza - daga 3 zuwa 25 mked / l
- Tsofaffi - daga 6 zuwa 30 mced / l, don tsofaffi har zuwa 35 mced / l.
Mutane da yawa kawai suna koya game da canza matakan insulin ne lokacin da suka nuna alamun cututtukan sukari.
Amma ƙayyade adadin wannan hormone ba shi da wuya kuma yana buƙatar testsan gwaje-gwaje na bincike.
Gwajin jini don insulin
Za'a iya yin gwajin jini don insulin a cikin jini a cikin tsofaffi da yara a cikin hanyoyi biyu - a kan komai a ciki kuma bayan nauyin carbohydrate. Don bincika cututtukan sukari, ana bada shawarar wuce duka waɗannan gwaje-gwaje, wanda zai ba ku damar samun ingantaccen sakamako kuma kawar da kuskuren da zai yiwu.
Ba kamar gwajin glucose na jini da za a iya yi a gida tare da glucometer ba, ana yin gwajin insulin ne kawai a asibitin. Abubuwan da suke auna insulin din ba a ƙirƙira su ba, kodayake irin wannan na'urar gwajin zata yi matukar amfani ga mutanen da ke haɗuwa da ciwon sukari.
Yin azumi insulin gwajin.
Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ɗaukar wannan gwajin ya zama dole ne kawai a kan komai a ciki. A lokaci guda, aƙalla 8 hours, kuma mafi kyawun duka 12 - 12 hours, ya kamata ya haɗu tsakanin abinci na ƙarshe da kuma samfurin jini. Saboda haka, an bada shawarar yin wannan binciken da safe bayan bacci na dare, wanda zai ba mai haƙuri damar jure rashin ƙin abinci.
Da yake magana game da abin da yakamata a yi don a gwada shi da kyau na insulin, ƙimar wanda ke da matukar muhimmanci a gano cutar sankara, yana da muhimmanci a ambaci mahimmancin abinci. Don haka, sa'o'i 24 kafin bayyanar cutar, ya kamata ka ware daga abincinka duk abinci mai ƙoshin mai da abinci mai kamshi, ka guji shan giya.
Bugu da ƙari, don ƙayyade abubuwan insulin a cikin jini, yakamata a guji yin ƙoƙari na jiki da kuma ƙwarewar motsa rai, gami da waɗanda suka dace. Bugu da kari, yakamata a daina shan sigari.
Da safe kai tsaye kafin binciken, haramun ne a ci ko a sha kowane irin sha ban da tsarkakakken ruwa ba tare da iskar gas ba. Ana ɗaukar jini don bincike akan matakin insulin daga yatsa, amma a lokuta mafi ƙaranci, ana amfani da samfurin ɓoyayyen jini don gudanar da wannan gwajin.
Sau da yawa tare da wannan nau'in ganewar asali, endocrinologists suna ba da shawarar cewa mai haƙuri ya ɗauki gwajin duban dan tayi na ƙwayar cuta. Wannan zai bayyana mummunan kumburi da lalacewar jikin, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar β-sel.
Sakamakon zai iya zama ƙasa da yadda aka saba. Wannan cikakkiyar al'ada ce, saboda lokacin yin azumi na tsawon awanni 8, ƙarancin insulin ya ragu kuma ya tashi daga 1.9 zuwa 23 mked / l. A cikin yara, insulin kullun akan komai a ciki yana cikin matakan 2 zuwa 20 mced / l. A cikin mata masu matsayi, wannan adadi yana da matukar girma kuma yana daidai da 6-7 mked / l.
Binciken tare da nauyin glucose.
Yin shiri don wannan gwajin ya bi wannan hanyar da ta hanyar binciken da ta gabata. Wannan yana nufin cewa kafin gwaji don haƙuri na haƙuri, an hana cin abinci aƙalla 8 hours. Hakanan dole ne ku bi wasu buƙatu na wajibi waɗanda aka ayyana a sama.
A yayin gwajin, an ba wa mai haƙuri maganin 75 glucose bayani na manya da 50 ml ga ƙananan yara. Sannan suna jira na sa'o'i biyu kuma bayan an saki jinin insulin don a bincika. Ta hanyar auna matakin insulin, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar kasancewa da kwanciyar hankali gabaɗaya - ba damuwa da rashin motsa jiki ba, saboda wannan yana tasiri sosai sakamakon sakamakon binciken.
Abinda ya fi dacewa shine, yawan insulin bayan shigowar glucose ya kamata ya kasance daga 13 zuwa 15 mked / l na manya, daga 16 zuwa 17 mked / l na mata masu juna biyu kuma a cikin yara insulin 10 zuwa 11 mked / l.
Amma idan sakamakon bincike ya kasance ƙasa ko mafi girma, amma a lokaci guda ba wuce iyakar al'ada a cikin mutum mai lafiya ba, to yakamata a ɗauki waɗannan alamomin marasa haɗari.
Bayyanar cutar insulin da babba
Kwayar cutar cututtukan da ke faruwa a cikin mutane masu insulin haɓaka da ƙanƙani sun yi kama sosai. Kamar yadda kuka sani, nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna haɓaka daidai da hoto iri ɗaya, kodayake suna da dalilai daban-daban. Tare da waɗannan cututtukan, mai haƙuri yana jin rashin lafiya sosai, amma alamun farko na farko ba su da yawa sosai.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ciwon sukari cuta ce wanda dole ne a gano shi da sauri, ba tare da jiran haɓakar rikice-rikice masu haɗari ba. Tabbas, babban alamomin sa shine karancin insulin insulin, da kuma yawan sukarin jini, tunda wannan hormone yana daukar nauyin glucose.
Amma zaku iya bincika abubuwan insulin a cikin jini kawai a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Sabili da haka, sauran alamun da ke nuna ci gaban ciwon sukari ya kamata a tuna. Waɗannan sun haɗa da siffofin halaye masu zuwa:
- Jin ƙishirwa.
- Urin yawan yin iska;
- Rashin nauyi kwatsam;
- Appara yawan ci;
- Fata da bushewa na fata;
- Asedara yawan fushi;
- Ciwon mara
- Cramps a cikin kafafu;
- Numbness da tingling a cikin wata gabar jiki;
- Saurin warkar da raunuka;
- Yawancin sanyi;
- Cystitis, urethritis, da kuma candidiasis a cikin mata;
- Poarancin iko a cikin maza;
- Rashin gashi
- Rage gani a cikin ciwon sukari;
- Cutar kumburi, caries;
- Itchy fata, m dermatitis.
Kasancewar waɗannan alamun a cikin 'yan adam na iya nuna mummunar ketarewar ƙwayar cuta da kuma keta ɓarin insulin. Wannan yanayin yana buƙatar kulawa da lafiya na gaggawa.
Yadda ake haɓaka da ƙananan insulin
Sanin abin da ya kamata ya zama matakin al'ada na insulin, mutane da yawa marasa lafiya suna mamaki: yadda ake ɗaga ko rage insulin a cikin jini? Ana iya yin wannan mafi inganci ta amfani da magunguna na musamman waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen yaƙi da ciwon sukari.
Don haka kwayoyi don rage sukari suma suna taimakawa wajen rage ɓoyewar insulin na hormone da rage haɗuwarsa a jiki tare da ciwon sukari na 2. Ya kamata a sha magungunan da ke rage insulin a kullum, wanda hakan zai rage nauyin da ke kan kuli kuma ya hana gurɓatar da ita.
Amma yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar magungunan da ke kara ji da jijiyoyin jikinsu zuwa insulin kuma hakan zai rage taro na glucose. A kowane hali yakamata kuyi amfani da kwayoyi waɗanda sakamakonsa yana ƙaruwa samar da insulin.
Suna taimakawa ne kawai a matakin farko na cutar, kuma tare da tsawaita amfani da su suna zubar da kwayar ta hanji da kuma kara yawan insulin a jiki harma da hakan. Sabili da haka, a kan lokaci, sun sami damar ƙara ci gaba da cutar sukari.
Ba shi yiwuwa a amsa tambayar yadda za a rage matakin insulin a cikin jini ba tare da ambaton yadda yake da mahimmanci a bi tsarin abincin warkewa ba. Yin amfani da abinci mai kalori mai ƙarancin kazami da abinci mai ƙarancin kifi, mai haƙuri yana inganta ƙwayar cuta kuma yana faɗa tare da wuce ƙima - manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari na 2.
Cire insulin low a cikin type 1 na ciwon suga ta hanyar allura. Hakanan suna aiki kamar insulin, wanda ke ɓoye cikin jikin mutum kuma yana taimakawa ci gaba da matakan glucose na al'ada.
Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa irin wannan ƙwayar ba ta zama karya ko lahani ba, saboda wannan na iya zama babban haɗari ga rayuwar masu ciwon sukari. An shirya shirye-shiryen insulin da tsawon lokacin aiki kuma gajere, matsakaici da tsawan lokaci. Dukansu sune magunguna masu mahimmanci ga mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari, yana shafar yanayinsa da tsammanin rayuwa.
Don ciwon sukari mai dogaro da insulin, abinci kawai mai ƙarancin ƙwayar cutar glycemic ya kamata a cinye. Irin waɗannan samfuran ba za su zama masu lahani ba ga majinyacin da yake samar da insulin kaɗan. Hakanan, bin tsarin cin abinci, ba mai fifiko ba ne don canza carbohydrates da ke cikin abinci zuwa raka'a gurasa.
An bayyana ƙa'idar aiki da yawan insulin a cikin jini a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
