Statisticsididdigar lalacewa ta nuna cewa 90% na cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki suna haɓaka saboda gazawar ƙwayar tsoka. Cholesterol, amfaninsa ya danganta da kasancewarsa, shine giya mai ruwan sha, wanda shine ɓangaren kusan dukkanin rayayyun halittu.
Abubuwan da ke amfani da kayan sunadarai suna da alaƙa da haɓaka aiki na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da kuma cikar ƙwayar ƙwayar sel, samar da kwayoyin homon da bitamin, tasirin antioxidant, kawar da jiki, da kuma rigakafin cutar kansa.
Lalacewar cholesterol an bayyana shi har zuwa mafi girma a cikin samuwar atherosclerotic plaques akan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki, raguwa a cikin elasticity da takaitaccen ƙwayar katako. Ana iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai a wannan kayan.
Babban bayani game da abu
Cholesterol wani fili ne na asalin halitta wanda yake a cikin membrane sel na dukkan abubuwa masu rai a duniya, banda fungi, tsirrai da prokaryotes. A jikin mutum, gabobin kamar hanta, kodan, hanji, gyada da kuma gonads suna da alhakin samar da wannan abun. Kashi 20% na cholesterol kawai suna fitowa daga waje tare da abinci.
Bayanin farko na abubuwan da aka sanya daga yau sun koma 1769. Masanin ilimin kimiyya P. de la Sal an samo shi daga giramstones wani abu mai cike da farin launin fari, mallakin mallakar mai. Sannan a cikin 1789 A. Fourcroix ya karbe ta da tsabta. Sunan "cholesterol" ya bayyana ne saboda aikin M. Chevrel. Bayan shekaru 90, masanin kimiyyar Faransa M. Berthelot ya tabbatar da cewa sinadarin yana cikin tsarin giyar, yana mai da shi “cholesterol”. Yanzu zaka iya samun suna biyu.
Ba za a iya narke ruwan a cikin ruwa ba, amma ana iya narkar da shi cikin mai ko kuma abu mai narkewa.
Ya kamata a rabu da nau'ikan abu guda biyu - manyan abubuwan lipoproteins (HDL) da ƙarancin lipoproteins (LDL). Yana da godiya ga wanzuwar waɗannan siffofin da cholesterol ya kasu kashi "mai kyau" da "mara kyau."
HDL yana fitar da lipids zuwa tsarin jikin kwayar, jijiyoyin jini, tsoka na zuciya, jijiyoyi, gami da kwakwalwa da hanta, inda tsarin bile yake faruwa. Sannan “mai kyau” cholesterol ya rushe kuma an kebe shi.
LDL yana canja wurin lipids daga hanta zuwa dukkanin sel a cikin jikin mutum. Amountsarancin abubuwa masu yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasƙanci akan bangon jijiyoyin bugun gini, wanda ƙarshe ke haifar da samuwar filayen atherosclerotic. Tsarin cututtukan jijiyoyin halitta na lokaci zuwa kan samar da kwarara daga cikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin wuya da kuma zubar jini mai rauni.
Haka kuma akwai lipids na tsaka tsaki, ko triglycerides, waxanda sune abubuwanda ake amfani da su na glycerol da mai mai. Idan aka haɗu da cholesterol, triglycerides suna haɓaka fitsarin jini.
An dauke su tushen samar da makamashi ga jikin mutum baki daya.
M kaddarorin da kuma al'ada a cikin jini
Ba za a iya yin amfani da kimar cholesterol a jikin dan adam ba.
Wannan kwayar halitta, kasancewar sashin sel, tana da alhakin matakai da yawa.
Abubuwan da ke cikin cholesterol an bayyana su ta hanyar cika mahimman ayyuka a jiki.
Waɗannan ayyukan sune:
- Inganta tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Kayan abu shine katako mai amfani da jijiyoyin jijiya wadanda ke kare su daga raunin daban-daban. Yana normalizes da aiki na jijiyoyi impulses. Tare da rashinsa, matsaloli daban-daban na aiki da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya ke faruwa.
- Kasancewa a cikin samar da bitamin da kwayoyin. Godiya ga cholesterol, ana samar da bitamin mai narkewa, kwayoyin jima'i da kwayoyin steroid. Da farko dai, shine bitamin D, cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone da estrogen. Musamman mahimmancin shine samar da bitamin K, wanda ke da alhakin haɗuwa da jini.
- Detoxification na jiki da antioxidant sakamako. Lipoproteins suna kare sel masu launin ja daga cutarwa na abubuwa masu guba. Aikin antioxidant na cholesterol yana da alaƙa da haɓakar rigakafi.
- Aiki a cikin tsari na cell permeability. Wannan aikin shine ɗaukar jigilar abubuwa ta hanyar biologically ta cikin membrane tantanin halitta.
- Yin rigakafin cutar kansa. Kasancewar lipoproteins yana hana sakewa da cutuka masu lalacewa zuwa mummunan aiki.
Ka'idar cholesterol a cikin jini tayi daga 3.8 zuwa 5.2 mmol / L. Don gano matakinsa, ana yin gwajin jini.
Kafin wannan, ba za ku iya ci ku sha aƙalla awanni 10-12, don haka ana yin karatun ne da safe.
Lipid metabolism malfunctions
Tare da karuwa a cikin yawan ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin jini da LDL ("mara kyau"), kazalika da raguwa a cikin HDL ("kyakkyawa"), metabolism na lipid yana da damuwa. Irin wannan hanyar ilimin cuta shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban atherosclerosis.
Koyaya, wannan yanayin shine rikice-rikice, saboda a wasu mutane yawan ƙwayar cholesterol baya haifar da ci gaban atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis cuta ce da ake haɓakar tasoshin jini sama da 50% na haɓakar cholesterol da filaye. Wannan yana haifar da takaitaccen ƙwayar katako da kuma asarar elasticity na arteries. Lalacewa ga tasoshin aorta da na cerebral suna da haɗari musamman. Atherosclerosis na kara saurin kamuwa da cutar mahaifa, bugun jini, bugun zuciya, cututtukan zuciya da sauransu.
Rage cholesterol shima mummunan abu ne. Rashin ingancinsa ya zama sanadiyyar dalilin zubar jini a ciki.
Abubuwan cholesterol - oxysterols - suna kawo lahani mafi girma ga jiki. Abubuwan sunadarai ne wanda aka samo a wasu abinci, alal misali, kayan kiwo mai kiba, kifin mai daskarewa da nama, ƙoshin kwai, da sauransu.
Matakan cholesterol
Abinda ya fi haifar da haɓakar cholesterol a cikin jini shine rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
Cin abinci na yau da kullun, wanda ya haɗa da LDL, zaku iya ƙara haɗarin haɓakar wannan cutar.
Akwai babban jerin samfurori waɗanda ke ƙasa da haɓaka cholesterol, waɗanda za a tattauna daga baya.
Daga cikin abubuwanda suke shafar lafiyar lipoproteins, an rarrabe abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Rayuwa mara aiki. Tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, matsala ce ta gama gari ga bil'adama na yau. Rashin ingantaccen aiki na jiki yana haifar da rikicewar duk hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa a cikin jiki, gami da lipid. An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa mutanen da suke yin wasu wasanni ko rawa suna da cholesterol sosai “masu kyau” fiye da marasa kyau.
- Yawan kiba. An yi imani cewa a gaban karin 15 kilogiram 15 ko sama da haka, akwai kyakkyawar dama ta haɓaka matakan LDL a cikin jini.
Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar halaye marasa kyau (barasa da shan sigari) yana shafar matakin ƙwayar cuta.
Rashin taba sigari da barasa yana haifar da rikicewar metabolism, sabili da haka, ƙara yawan "mummunan" cholesterol a wannan yanayin shine abin da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.
Rage abinci na cholesterol da kuma bunkasa abinci
Abincin da ke hana tara mai, gami da sinadarin cholesterol, ya haɗa da samfuran da ke da alaƙar antioxidant. Da farko dai, waɗannan 'ya'yan itace ne, kayan marmari da ganye.
Don daidaita matakan ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin jiki, kuna buƙatar bin shawarwari masu sauƙi:
- yana da amfani don yin amfani da burodi daga gari mai wari, kayan gasa tare da bran, oatmeal da oatmeal;
- Zai fi kyau a ci 'ya'yan lemun tsami waɗanda ba a adana su, cranberries, lemu, tangerines, lemons da sauran' ya'yan itacen citrus;
- Zai fi kyau a ƙara kayan ƙwari a cikin abincin - peas, soya, lentil, wake, suna da sinadarin pectins na 15-20%, wanda ke taimaka wa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta;
- Yana da kyau a fid da salati kayan lambu mai sabo tare da man kayan lambu - zaitun, kayan lambu ko linseed;
- yana da Dole a bayar da fifiko ga kifi na nau'ikan mai mai, kamar yadda yana ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin mai Omega-3 mai polyunsaturated, yana da kyau a tururi ko tafasa shi, kullun, sardine, mackerel, herring sun fi dacewa;
- ya kamata a ci ƙwai na kaza a cikin iyakance, amma a kowane hali ya kamata a zubar da su, sun haɗa da bitamin A da E, gami da sunadarai, sati-mako shine guda huɗu;
- an zaɓi fifiko ga nau'ikan nau'ikan nama, alal misali, kaji, naman sa, turkey, amma menene game da man alade, saboda wannan kwano ne da mutane Slavic da yawa ke so, ana iya cinye wannan samfurin, amma a iyakantaccen adadi - guda 2-3 a cikin kwanaki 7;
- Za a iya haɗa abincin teku a cikin abincin, saboda wannan, Jafananci da yawa suna daɗewa, alal misali, squid, shrimp, da sauransu;
- samfuran madara tare da yawan mai mai haɓaka cholesterol, saboda haka ya fi kyau a ƙi su kuma zaɓi samfuran da ke da 0-1.5% mai;
- a gabaɗaya, abubuwan sha giya (vodka ko giya) suna da haɗari ga jiki, amma gilashin bushe jan giya a abincin dare, akasin haka, yana hana haɓaka cututtukan zuciya da matsalolin matsa lamba;
- Yana da kyau a sha kopin koren shayi a kowace rana, saboda Abu ne mai kyawun antioxidant.
Da ke ƙasa akwai manyan samfuran cewa yana da kyau a ƙi, don kar a ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke cikin cholesterol:
- Nama mai nama (alade, naman maroƙi, guz ko nama mai duck).
- Abincin da aka soya tare da mai mai mai yawa.
- Kayan gama-gari da abinci mai sauri.
- Kayan kwalliya
Bugu da kari, yana kara tasirin cholesterol a jikin man shanu, yaduwa da margarine.
Shin yin gumaka yana da lahani ko yana da amfani?
A cikin lura da atherosclerosis, wasu likitoci suna ba da umarnin statins - magungunan da ke rage cholesterol. Ayyukansu shine rage jinkirin haɗuwa da canja wurin lipoproteins a cikin jikin mutum.
Shahararrun sanannun kwayoyi sune kwayoyi kamar Probucol, Atorvastatin da Fluvastatin. Lokacin da aka wajabta su, likitan likita ya haɓaka ɗaiɗaikun magunguna don kowane mai haƙuri.
Dangane da yawancin bita da nazari na likita, ci gaba da amfani da irin wannan allunan yana taimakawa rage matakin "mummunan" cholesterol da kashi 50-60%.
Baya ga atherosclerosis, alamu don amfani da statins kamar haka:
- tiyata da tiyata;
- cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini;
- ciwon zuciya da ya gabata tare da ciwon suga, bugun jini ko microstroke.
Ta hanyar toshe cholesterol "mara kyau", waɗannan magungunan suna inganta haɓakar bangon jijiyoyin bugun jini, ƙananan danko na jini da hana haɓaka ofisoshin atherosclerotic.
Duk da fa'idodin magunguna, suna haifar da wani mummunan sakamako, wanda aka bayyana a cikin masu zuwa:
- raguwa cikin yawan ƙwayar tsoka a cikin tsufa;
- lalata sakamako a kan aikin farfadowa;
- haɓakar hadarin kamuwa da cutar siga 2 da kuma kamuwa da cuta;
- take hakkin hanta da koda;
Ari, yana yiwuwa a ƙara saukaka yiwuwar bunkasa ƙasashe masu baƙin ciki.
Yadda ake adana cholesterol al'ada?
Idan sakamakon bincike na dakin gwaje-gwaje ya nuna alamar har zuwa 6.5 mmol / l, to, ana ba da shawarar rage ƙwayar cholesterol ba tare da magunguna ba, amma tare da abinci na musamman, motsa jiki, daidaita nauyi da ƙin halaye mara kyau.
Don daidaita matakan tafiyar matakai a jikin mutum, ya zama dole:
- Bi ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ke kawar da yawan kitse, daɗaɗɗen giya, abinci mai ƙoshin abinci da sauran abubuwan ɗorawa. A sama an jera samfuran da yakamata a haɗa su cikin abincin, kuma waɗanne ne mafi kyawu a ƙi gaba ɗaya.
- Yi yaƙi da rashin aiki na jiki. A kan tafiya - rayuwa, don haka kuna buƙatar shiga a matsayin ƙa'idar tafiya a cikin sabon iska na akalla minti 40 a rana. Hakanan yafi kyau yin tsere, wasanni, yin iyo, Pilates, yoga, rawa.
- Sha ruwa da yawa. Dole jiki ya sami akalla lita 1.5 na ruwan sha a kowace rana domin tsarin gabobin ciki suyi aiki na yau da kullun.
- Kula da nauyin jikin ka. Don daidaita nauyin ku, kuna buƙatar bin lambar abinci guda biyar kuma kuyi wasanni. A cikin ƙarancin kiba, likita ne yake ƙirƙirar tsarin asarar nauyi.
- Dakatar da shan sigari da barasa. Duk abubuwan biyu suna ƙara saurin yiwuwar cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun gini.
Don haka, cholesterol yana kawo fa'ida da cutarwa, saboda duk ya dogara da maida hankali ne ga jini. Kiyaye mahimman ka'idodi na rigakafin, zaku iya kiyaye abubuwan da ke cikin ta na yau da kullun kuma su hana ci gaba da mummunan cututtuka.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da cholesterol an bayar dasu a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
