Tatsuniyoyi game da cholesterol da statins: sabon labarai da ra'ayi na masana kimiyya

A halin yanzu, cututtuka na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, musamman atherosclerosis, wanda ke haifar da rikice-rikice da yawa, suna da yawa. Likitoci sun san komai game da cholesterol.

Koyaya, mutane da yawa ba su san dalilin da yasa ake haɓaka ba, yadda za a hana ci gabanta kuma menene m "cholesterol".

Don haka, cholesterol abu ne da aka haɗu da shi a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta da ake kira hepatocytes. Wani bangare ne na phospholipids, wanda shine ke samar da ƙwayar plasma na sel. Yana shiga jikin mutum tare da samfuran asalin dabbobi, amma wannan ya zama kashi 20% daga cikin adadin ne - sauran jikin ne yake kirkirar kansa. Cholesterol yana nufin wani nau'in lipids - maganin shan barasa - sabili da haka, masana kimiyya sun ce game da cholesterol a matsayin "cholesterol." A cikin Rasha, duka bambance-bambancen magana suna daidai.

Cholesterol abu ne na farawa saboda halayen halittu masu yawa. Vitamin D an kirkira daga shi kuma haskoki na fitila a fata.₃. Kwayoyin halittar jima'i - namiji da mace - suna haɓaka ne cikin abubuwan cortic na glandon adrenal, da kuma haɗa sinadarin stearic, da kuma bile acid - waɗanda aka samar da hepatocytes - sune abubuwan haɗin cholesterol na cholanic acid tare da rukunin hydroxyl.

Saboda yawan adadin barasa mai narkewa a cikin membrane, kayan sa kai tsaye sun dogara da shi. Idan ya cancanta, ana daidaita daidaiton membrane ta wata fuska ko wata, yana ba da bambanci mai santsi ko ƙididdiga. Abubuwan guda suna kare sel masu jini daga shigar azzakari mai guba a cikin su.

A cikin ƙwayoyin ɗan adam, akwai kwayoyin wanda zai iya daidaita cholesterol kuma yana shafar haɓakar ciwon sukari.

Wani maye gurbi na APOE yana ƙara haɗarin ciwon sukari, amma yin aiki da rashin daidaituwa tare da cholesterol yana rage yiwuwar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya.

Iri na lipophilic giya

Tunda cholesterol na mahadi ne na hydrophobic, ba ya narke cikin ruwa, saboda haka ba zai iya kewaya cikin jini a kanta ba.

Don yin wannan, ya ɗaura ƙayyadaddun kwayoyin da ake kira alipoproteins.

Lokacin da yake hakoran cholesterol a jikin su, abun shine ake kira lipoprotein.

Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za'a iya jigilar zirga-zirga a cikin hanyoyin jini ba tare da haɗarin mai toshewar bututun mai da ake kira embolism ba.

Masu jigilar Protein suna da hanyoyi daban-daban na ɗaure cholesterol, nauyi da digiri mai ƙarfi. Dangane da wannan, a cewar masana kimiyya da likitoci game da cholesterol, sun kasu kashi biyu:

• Manyan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins masu yawa - a cikin yawan jama'a ana kuma san su da "cholesterol mai kyau", wanda aka sanya suna saboda ƙirar anti-atherogenic. An tabbatar da cewa sun kama kwayar cholesterol daga sel kuma su kai ta hanta don kwayar dake dauke da sinadarin bile, da kuma hanjin adrenal, testes da ovaries to asirin hodar iblis a cikin adadi mai yawa. Amma wannan zai faru ne kawai tare da babban matakin HDL, wanda aka samu ta hanyar cin abinci masu ƙoshin lafiya (kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, naman alade, hatsi, da sauransu) da isasshen damuwa ta jiki. Hakanan, waɗannan abubuwan suna da tasirin antioxidant, wato, suna ɗaure abubuwa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin bangon tantanin halitta kuma suna kiyaye intima daga tarin samfuran hada abubuwa da iskar shaka;
• Poarancin wadataccen lipoproteins suna haɗu a cikin hanta daga ƙananan mahaifa. Bayan sunadarai, glycerol an kafa su - ɗaya daga cikin tushen ƙarfin da ƙwayar tsoka ke kamawa. Daga nan sai su juya zuwa matsin lamba mai yawa na tsummokara;
• Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa - sune samfuran ƙarshe na juyawa na LPP. Babban abun cikinsu suna tsokani cigaban atherosclerosis, saboda haka sunan "mummunan cholesterol" abu ne mai ma'ana;

Bugu da kari, chylomicrons, mafi girma daga dukkan bangarorin, an rarrabe su kamar cholesterol. An samar da shi a cikin karamin hanji.

Sakamakon girman su, chylomicrons ba zai iya yadawa a cikin abubuwan mallaka ba, saboda haka ana tilasta su shiga cikin jijiyoyin farko, sannan su shiga hanta tare da kwararar jini.

Abubuwan Gudanar da Hadarin

Duk abubuwan lipoproteins yakamata su kasance cikin yanayin daidaitaccen daidaituwa don ƙimar ƙwayar gabobin da tsarin, ban da duk cututtukan cuta da lahani.

Cakuda yawan cholesterol a cikin lafiyar mutum ya kamata ya bambanta daga 4 zuwa 5 mmol / L. A cikin mutane masu tarihin kowane cuta na yau da kullun, an rage waɗannan adadi zuwa 3-4 mmol / L. kowane yanki yana da takamaiman adadinsa. Labaran kwanan nan game da cholesterol ya ce, alal misali, “lipids mai kyau” yakamata ya zama na biyar a cikin jimlar adadin.

Amma saboda ƙi bin ingantacciyar hanyar rayuwa (ingantacciyar rayuwar) da wadatarwa don halaye marasa kyau, wannan abu ne mai wuya a cikin manya.

Duniyar zamani tana cike da abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da ci gaban hypercholesterolemia.

Wadannan dalilai sune kamar haka:

1. Ciwon sukari mellitus da kiba. Wadannan abubuwan guda biyu suna da alaƙa da juna kuma kullun suna tafiya hannu da hannu. Saboda yawan kiba yana haifar da haɗarin lalacewa ga ƙwayar cuta, wannan zai haifar da lahani ga ƙwayoyin samar da insulin da haɓaka glucose. Kuma glucose yana yaduwa cikin jini kyauta yana lalata ganuwar tasoshin jini, yana haifar da microtraumas da haɓakawa a cikin kumburi, wanda, kamar, yana "jan hankali" lipids. Don haka ƙwayar atherosclerotic fara farawa;
2. Shan taba - kwalta yana cikin sigari, tare da hayaki ya faɗo a cikin huhu, ko kuma a cikin sassan aikinsu - alveoli. Godiya ga cibiyar sadarwar jijiyoyin da ke kewaye da su, duk abubuwa masu cutarwa suna wucewa cikin sauri cikin jini, inda suke sauka akan bangon jijiyoyin jini. Wannan yana haifar da haushi na membranes da bayyanar microcracks, to, tsarin ci gaba iri ɗaya ne tare da ciwon sukari mellitus - lipoproteins kusanci zuwa shafin nakasa kuma yana tarawa, yana taƙaita lumen;
3. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki - babban abincin abinci na asalin dabba, kamar nama mai abinci (naman alade, rago) da ƙwai, yana kaiwa ga haɓakar kiba kuma yana haifar da tarin cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun zuciya. Bugu da kari, kasancewar nauyin wuce haddi yana shafar ingancin rayuwa, gajiya mai rauni, gajeriyar numfashi, zafin hadin gwiwa, hauhawar jini;
4. Hypodynamia - yana aiki tare tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, samar da nauyi mai yawa. Kodayake, don rage haɓakar haɗarin atherosclerosis da 15%, kuna buƙatar yin wasanni kawai rabin sa'a a rana, kuma wannan ba labari bane;

Additionalarin ƙarin abin da ke haifar da haɓakar hypercholesterolemia shine hauhawar jini - tare da ƙaruwa a cikin yawan adadin matsa lamba, kaya a jikin bangon jiragen ruwa yana ƙaruwa, sakamakon hakan ya zama mai zurfi da rauni.

Hadarin cikin jiki

Duk da haka, ba dalilai na muhalli ba kawai ke tasiri ci gaban atherosclerosis.

Kuna iya canza su, kadan na ƙarfi da bege.

Akwai wasu tasirin da aka shimfiɗa a cikin halayen sel da gabobin, kuma mutum ba zai iya canza shi ba:

• Kashi. Idan cututtukan zuciya suna yawan faruwa a cikin dangi guda ɗaya, yakamata ku nemi shawara game da ilimin halittar jini kuma kuyi bincike don gano kwayar halittar don tasirin hypercholesterolemia APOE, wanda za'a iya yada shi daga tsara zuwa tsara. Halayen dangi a cikin abinci mai gina jiki da wasanni suma suna taka rawa, wanda galibi ana koyar dashi tun daga ƙuruciya - suna iya haifar da tasirin abubuwan gado;
• Zamani yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Lokacin da mutum ya kai kusan shekara arba'in, ayyukan dawo da jiki sun fara ragewa, ƙwayoyin jiki a hankali suka fara fita, rigakafi yana raguwa, aikin jiki yana zama da wahala. Duk wannan a cikin hadaddun karfi yana haifar da ci gaban cututtukan cututtukan zuciya;
• Jinsi: An tabbatar da cewa mazaje suna fama da cututtuka sau da yawa sau da yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata sun fi karkata ga jagorancin rayuwa mai kyau, ƙoƙarin adana kyakkyawa da lafiya na dogon lokaci, kuma maza ba sa ɗaukar alhakin lafiyar su, suna shan ƙarin giya da shan sigari game da fakitin sigari a rana.

Amma gaskiyar cewa wadannan abubuwan ana kiransu rashin daidaituwa (ma'ana, ba a canzawa ba) baya nufin kwatankwacin cutar ta bayyana.

Idan kun ci daidai, ku ci lafiyayye, ku yi motsa jiki aƙalla minti talatin a rana kuma ku riƙa gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi ta likita, to, zaku iya kula da lafiya tsawon shekaru, saboda duk ya dogara da muradi.

Gaskiya da tatsuniyoyi game da cholesterol da statins

Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da cholesterol da atherosclerosis. Amma wanne ne cikin waɗannan amintattu ne kuma wane ne ba haka ba?

Ra'ayin 1 - ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, mafi kyau. Wannan ainihin asalin kuskure ne. Cholesterol muhimmin abu ne "kayan gini", tare da daukar nauyin kwayar halittar hormones, bitamin da kuma bile acid. Tare da kasawarsa, rikice-rikice na tsarin zai iya haɓaka, wanda a lokacin zai buƙaci gyara. Wannan cin zarafin aikin jima'i ne saboda rashi na hormone, da rickets a cikin yara masu ƙarancin bitamin D, da cutar rashin ƙarfi, tunda kwalakwala ɓangaren sel ne na jini. Musamman haɗarin shine haɗarin haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta na hanta - saboda tare da rashin ƙwayar lipids, rikicewar ƙwayoyin bile acid suna rikicewa, lalacewar sel suna faruwa kuma lahani yana faruwa. Hakanan, karancin cholesterol na iya nuna wasu cututtuka, kamar su hyperthyroidism, gajiyawar zuciya, tarin fuka, sepsis, cututtukan da ke kama da cutar kansa. Idan mutum yana da karancin cholesterol, yakamata ka nemi likita;

Ra'ayin 2 - idan baku cinye kayan dabbobi ba, to cholesterol ba zai shiga jiki ba. Wannan ya danganta a zahiri. Gaskiyane cewa idan bakya cin nama da qwai, to cholesterol ba zai fito daga waje ba. Amma dole ne a ɗauka da hankali cewa an haɗa shi cikin hanta, don haka ana ƙara kiyaye matakin ƙarami koyaushe.

Ra'ayin 3 - duk lipoproteins suna taka rawar gani kuma bai kamata ya kasance cikin jiki ba. Ra'ayin kimiyya shine wannan: akwai abubuwan da ake kira anti-atherogenic lipids - suna hana haɓakar atherosclerosis ta hanyar canja wurin cholesterol zuwa hanta don ƙirar sababbin abubuwa daga gare ta;

Ra'ayin 4 - cholesterol baya haifar da atherosclerosis. An yi rubutu da yawa game da wannan. Wannan wani bangare ne daidai, saboda atherosclerosis yana haifar da babban adadin dalilai - daga halaye marasa kyau da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, zuwa mummunan cututtuka kamar mellitus na sukari, waɗanda ke lalata tasoshin jini. Cholesterol kanta koda yana da amfani ga jiki, amma kawai a cikin iyakance na daidaitaccen daidaituwa da mahimmanci;

Ra'ayin 5 - ana iya samun cholesterol a cikin kayan lambu, saboda haka ya kamata ku ƙi shi. Wannan ba gaskiya bane. Lallai, babu cholesterol a cikin kayan lambu; ana samarwa ne a cikin sel dabbobi. Don haka, kamfen tallan tallace-tallace game da lafiyar mai ba tare da cholesterol ba komai bane illa tsokanar da za a siya, saboda ba zai iya zama jigo ba;

Ra'ayin 6 - abinci mai daɗi ba shi da cholesterol, don haka haɗarin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya ba su da yawa. Tabbas, babu barasa mai maye a cikin Sweets, amma ƙarshen a cikin adadi mai yawa haɗari ne ga halayen halayen cutar sukari na ainihi, wanda da gaske haɗari ne ga ci gaban atherosclerosis.

Zai fi kyau tuntuɓar likitan ku a cikin maganganun ƙoshin abinci mai kyau da gyaran rayuwa. Yin shan magani ba shi da ƙima, saboda ƙirar da ke rage cholesterol a cikin ƙwayoyin wuce kima na iya zama haɗari ga lafiyar. Wannan ya dade da gano likitocin Amurka.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da cholesterol an tattauna su a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.