Hawan jini cuta ce. Wanne a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ya sami rarrabuwar rarraba tsakanin duk ɓangarorin jama'a. Cutar, babban alama ce babbar karuwa a hawan jini saboda wasu dalilai da yawa.
Rahoton Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya ba da rahoton cewa hauhawar jini yana faruwa a cikin kowane mazaunin Duniya na biyu.
Sabili da haka, an kawo matsalar ganewar asali da lura da wannan cuta. Wannan ya shafi kowa da kowa, har ma cikakkun alamun bayyanar cututtuka suna bayyana sau da yawa a cikin tsofaffi, amma akwai ci gaba mai banƙyama - hauhawar jijiya yana ƙarami, yana rinjayar mutane 30an shekaru 30 har ma da ƙuruciya.
Sau da yawa mutane basu kula da bayyanar wahalolin da ke cikin matsanancin ƙarfi har sai sun fara cutar har zuwa matakai na gaba, 3 da 4, bi da bi. Waɗannan jihohin ƙasa masu haɗari ne. Menene hauhawar jini na 3 kuma daga ina ya fito?
Hawan jini da hauhawar jini
Sunan kimiyya na cutar shine hauhawar jini a jijiya, sauran analogues kawai bambance-bambancen ne da kuma karin magana. Yana da nau'i biyu.
Hauhawar jini (lokacin likita yana da farko ko hawan jini a jijiya) shine tsawan jini da tsawan jini a cikin jini wanda ba a san shi ba.
Wannan yana nufin cewa har yanzu ba'a san dalilin wannan cuta ba, kuma komai ya dogara ne da zato.
An yi imani da cewa a cikin kwayoyin halittar ɗan adam akwai kusan kwayoyin halittar mutum guda 20 waɗanda ko ta wata hanya suna shafar aikin tsarin kula da karfin jini. Wannan cuta tana ɗauke da fiye da 90% na duk lokuta. Jiyya shine don kawar da alamun haɗari da kuma kawar da sakamakon.
Sakandare, ko hauhawar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, yana faruwa tare da cututtuka da ƙarancin aiki na kodan, gabobin endocrine, ɓataccen ciki da ɓarna na cibiyar vasomotor na medulla oblongata, damuwa da alaƙa da magani, wanda kuma ake kira iatrogenic.
Kashi na karshe ya hada da hauhawar jini wanda yake haifar da amfani da magungunan hormonal yayin jiyya yayin menopause ko don daukar ciki.
Wajibi ne a kula da irin wannan hauhawar jini, watau, kawar da sanadin tushe, kuma ba kawai saukar da matsin lamba ba.
Etiology da pathogenesis na haɓakar cutar
A zamanin aikin injiniya, ba shi da wahala a tantance cewa gado shine babban abinda ya haifar da kasancewar hauhawar karfi. Wataƙila idan iyayenka suka koka game da hauhawar hauhawar jini, to shima za a watsa maka cutar.
Abu na gaba cikin mahimmanci, amma ba sau da yawa ba, shine daidaituwa na mazaunan birni - babban adadin yanayi na damuwa da rayuwa mai sauƙi. An tabbatar da ilimin kimiya cewa tare da manyan nauyin psychoemotional nauyin, tarin abubuwan neurons sun fado daga sarƙoƙi na jijiyoyin yau da kullun, wanda ke haifar da keta dokar juna. Amfani a cikin shugabanci na wuraren cibiyoyin yana da alaƙa da haɓaka da hawan jini.
Abubuwan haɗari suna nuna waɗancan ƙungiyoyin mutane waɗanda ke da haɓakar hauhawar jini.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- Tsofaffi mutane. Gaba ɗaya an yarda cewa kowane mutum sama da 50 yana fama da hauhawar jini, koda kuwa bai ji alamun farko ba. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon raguwa da haɓakar jijiyoyin jini, sakamakon ƙarfin ramuwarsu don tsayayya da ƙarfiwar bugun zuciya. Hakanan, tare da shekaru, haɗarin atherosclerosis na manyan tasoshin yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da kunkuntar lumen su da abin da ake kira motsi mai motsi na jini (kamar fashewar jirgin sama) ta hanyar karamin rami a tsakiyar mashigar da aka yi da filayen man shafawa.
- Mata. Karatun ya nuna cewa yan mata da mata sun fi fuskantar matsalar hauhawar jini fiye da maza. Dalilin shine tushen asali mai ƙarfi, wanda ke ƙaruwa yayin daukar ciki, kuma yakan ɓace sosai yayin da haila ta haihu. Estrogens suna haifar da hawan jini, amma suna mamaye rabin rabin haila. Lokacin da aka daina samarwa su komai, mata sun fara damuwa da alamun cutar hawan jini.
- Ma'anar ma'adinai. Zuwa wannan rukunin zaku iya tantance jaraba ga abinci mai gishiri sosai, wanda ke haɓaka sabarwar ruwa a cikin tubules ɗin kuma yana taimakawa ƙaruwar haɓakar jini, gami da rage yawan ƙwayar baƙin abinci. Shi, a matsayin babban ion cardiac, ya wajaba don cikakken aiki na myocardium. In ba haka ba, arrhythmias da babban jijiya mai yiwuwa ne, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar yawan matsa lamba.
- Barasa da shan sigari. Halaka masu lahani kansu na da lahani kwarai da gaske, har ila yau suna lalata jijiyoyin ciki da na roba na jijiyoyin jini, suna lalata karfin ikon su yadda yakamata su shimfida tare da kwangilar bugun bugun zuciya. M rikicewar lalacewar tasoshin jini sakamakon aikin nicotine da hayaki sigari yana haifar da cin zarafin ciki da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki.
Bugu da kari, daya daga cikin abubuwan shine kasancewar kiba da ciwon suga. Kiba yana da alaƙa da rashin aiki na jiki. Irin wannan hauhawar jini yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa mai ƙarancin aiki, tasoshinta, saboda rashin nauyin yau da kullun, sun rasa ɓangaren ƙwayoyin tsoka kuma basu karɓa ga tsarin tsarin juyayi na autonomic.
Bugu da ƙari, matakin lipids na atherogenic yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke yaduwa ta hanyar endothelium na tasoshin jini, yana cutar da su sosai.
Wannan dystrophy an inganta shi sosai a cikin cututtukan sukari, saboda saboda lalata wutar tukunyar matattarar ƙwayar mai, fats suna da ƙanƙara da karyewa, ba za a iya ɗaukar su suyi aiki cikin jini ba.
Digiri na hauhawar jini da kuma sakamako mai yiwuwa
Asibitin ya bambanta azuzuwan aiki guda huɗu na hauhawar jini, kowannensu yana da tsari na musamman don gano asali, magani
Bugu da kari, akwai kungiyoyi masu hadarin gaske don ci gaban rikice-rikice na cutar
Groupsungiyoyin haɗari suna dogara ne akan kasancewar wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar.
Wannan rarrabuwa na gaba na hauhawar jini a jijiya yana iyawu.
- Digiri na 1 - systolic 140-159 / diastolic 90-99 mm RT. Art.
- Digiri na 2 - systolic 160-179 / diastolic 100-109 mm RT. Art.
- Grade 3 - systolic 180+ / diastolic 110+ mm RT. Art.
- Tsarin hauhawar cututtukan zuciya na systolic - systolic 140+ / diastolic 90.
Daga wannan rarrabuwa a bayyane yake cewa mafi haɗari shine digiri na 3, wanda ke da matsin lamba mafi girma, rikicewar riga-kafin jini. An ƙaddara digiri ta hanyar matsin lamba matsakaici gwargwadon hanyar Korotkov, amma ba ya ɗaukar alamu na asibiti. Don nuna canje-canje a cikin gabobin da suka fi dacewa da haɓakar hawan jini (abin da ake kira gabobin ƙwaƙwalwa) da yiwuwar sakamako, rarrabuwa ta matakai. Wadannan gabobin sun hada da kwakwalwa, hanta, kodan, huhu. Babban alamun sune basur a cikin parenchyma sashin jiki tare da keta hakkin aikinsa da haɓakar ƙarancin aiki.
Mataki na 1 - ba'a gano canje-canje a gabobin da aka yi niyya ba. Sakamakon irin wannan hauhawar jini shine murmurewar mara lafiya tare da hanyar da ta dace don magani.
Mataki na 2 - idan akalla kashi guda ya shafi, mara lafiya yana cikin wannan matakin cutar. A wannan matakin, wajibi ne don gudanar da bincike na yankin da abin ya shafa tare da tuntuɓi kwararrun likita. ECG, echocardiography, nazarin idanu don maganin retinopathy lokacin da ake bincika asusun kuɗi (alama ce mafi sauƙi kuma mai sauƙin bayyanar cututtuka a wannan lokacin), gwaji na jini da ƙirar ƙwayar cuta, urinalysis.
Mataki na 3 - yanayin da yake kan iyaka game da wani rikici na tashin hankali. An nuna shi ta kasancewar kasancewar raunuka da yawa wadanda suka fi karfin garkuwar jikin mutum. Zai iya zama: basur da amai da gudawa saboda angiopathy na tasoshin jini, encephalopathy na asalin asali, cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya (cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini) tare da bayyanar angina pectoris (ciwon kirji wanda ke haskakawa zuwa hagu na hagu, wuƙa, wuƙa), raunin myocardial tare da canje-canje mai zuwa a cikin necrotic da mai guba - Cutar dressler, ciwon sikila da rawar jiki. Hakan zai biyo bayan lalacewar bangon na koda, sakamakon wanda proteinuria zai faru, yadda ake yin tacewa da kuma sake buɗe jini na jini a cikin nephron, da kuma lalacewar ƙarancin na koda. Manyan tasoshin za su shafe su kamar haka, wanda zai bayyana a matsayin ɓarna mai ɓarna, ƙwaƙwalwar atherosclerosis, da lalata jijiyoyin jini. Retina yana da matukar damuwa ga hawan jini, wanda ke bayyana ta hanyar lalacewar jijiya da jijiyoyin jini. Wannan matakin yana buƙatar matakan yanke hukunci don rama tsari mai lalacewa tare da kwayoyi.
Mataki na 4 - yanayin ƙasa, wanda, tare da dagewa sama da mako guda, yana haifar da raunin da ba a iya juyawa ba.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari da yawa don haɓakar rikitarwa:
- na farko - a lokacin jarrabawar, babu wasu rikice-rikice, kuma yuwuwar ci gaban su sama da shekaru 10 ya kai 15%;
- na biyu - akwai dalilai guda uku, kuma hadarin rikicewa bai wuce 20%;
- na uku - kasantuwar abubuwan da suka haifar da abubuwa sama da uku, hadarin rikicewa ya kusan 30%;
- na hudu - an gano mummunar lalacewar gabobi da tsarin, haɗarin bugun zuciya da bugun jini ya fi kashi 30%.
Dangane da abubuwan da aka ambata, ya bayyana a sarari menene hauhawar jini na mataki na 3 haɗari 4. A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, cutar tana da mutuƙar mutuwa.
Jiyyar hauhawar jini
Matsanancin hauhawar jini a cikin jijiya 3 hadarin 4 yana buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa kuma baya yarda da jinkiri. Tashin hankali shine mafi rashin damuwa - bugun zuciya, bugun jini, gazawar koda.
Domin kada ku jira fitowar hauhawar jini, kuna buƙatar kiran motar asibiti da wuri-wuri a gaban manyan alamun bayyanar da damuwa - systolic matsa lamba sama da 170, ciwon mara da ya fashe, tashin zuciya ta tsakiya saboda matsanancin tashin hankali na ciki (bayan amai da irin wannan tashin zuciya, yanayin bai sauƙaƙa ba), tinnitus saboda yawan hauhawar jini, jin zafi a bayan mafitsin, rauni a cikin gabobin da kuma adonsu.
Wataƙila jin "goosebumps" a karkashin fata, ci gaba mai lalacewa a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da raguwa da damar iyawar hankali, hangen nesa mai rauni.
A cikin wannan halin, aikin jiki, motsi ba zato ba tsammani yana rikicewa, an hana marasa lafiya tsananin yin aikin, haihuwar haihuwa, tuƙa mota.
Shawarwarin kwararru shine yin amfani da dumbin magunguna, kowannensu zaiyi tasiri akan sashi na sarkar pathogenesis.
Shirye-shirye na babban rukuni, waɗanda aka fara amfani da su don hauhawar jini:
- Dipure dip, abubuwa ne da ke toshe Na + K + Cl- cotransporter a sashin gaba na Henle nephron loop, wanda ke rage sake dawo da ruwa, ruwa baya komawa zuwa ga jini, amma an cire shi sosai daga jiki. Ofarar jini yana yaduwa, kuma tare da shi hauhawar jini. Irin wadannan kudade sun hada da Furosemide (aka Lasix), Indapamide (wanda kuma aka sani da Indap ko Arifon), Hydrochlorothiazide. Ana amfani dasu galibi, saboda basu da tsada idan aka kwatanta da analogues.
- Masu tallata Beta. Rage kwanciyar hankali na zuciya ya karu da hauhawar jini na 3, saukar da adrenergic synapses na myocardium. Magungunan wannan rukuni sun haɗa da Anaprilin (Propranolol), Atenolol (Atebene), Cordanum, Metoprolol (akwai nau'ikan Spesicor, Corvitol da Betalok), Nebivalol. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da waɗannan kwayoyi a sarari bisa ga umarnin, saboda ƙarin kwamfutar hannu mai hanawa na iya haifar da jagora mai lalacewa da ƙirar bacci da arrhythmias.
- Angiotensin-mai canza mai hana enzyme. Angiotensin yana haɓaka haɓakar jini sosai, kuma idan kun katse haɓakar sa a matakin jijiyar angiotensinogen, to, zaku iya cirewa cikin sauri da kuma yadda yakamata ku cire alamun tashin hankali na 3, koda kuwa a haɗarin 4. Shahararrun wakilan ƙungiyar sune Captopril (Kapoten), Kaptopress, Enap (Renitek), Lisinopril. Tarewa da masu karɓar angiotensin kai tsaye tare da Losartan yana yiwuwa.
- Masu adawa da Calcium - Nifedipine da Amlodipine - suna rage karfin zuciya da kuma yawan fitowar jini, hakanan rage karfin jini.
Yana yiwuwa a hana hauhawar jini da rikicin hauhawar jini a gida. Tushen hanyar shine tsayayyen abinci a matsayin babbar hanyar warkewa, musamman amfani da tebur mai gishiri a'a 10 a cewar Pevzner.
Ya hada da burodin alkama, abinci mai-kitse, salati mai cike da fiber, qwai mai dafaffen, madara-madara, miya. Tabbatar a rage cin gishiri zuwa 6 g kowace rana. Hanyoyin madadin sune abubuwan maye - valerian, motherwort, Mint barkono, hawthorn.
An bayyana mataki na 3 a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
