Hawan jini 2 digiri, hadari 3: menene?

Ana nuna karfin hawan jini ta juriya da tasirin jini a lokacin fitowar jini daga zuciya. Yana faruwa systolic da diastolic, shine, a lokacin ƙanƙancewa da shakatawa na ƙwayar zuciya, bi da bi.

Increaseara yawan hauhawar jini sama da milliyan 120/80 mil na Mercury ana kiran shi hauhawar jini. Dole ne a rarrabe shi daga hauhawar jini, wanda a cikin adadin ƙididdigar yawan matsa lamba ya faru sau ɗaya, dangane da yanayin muhalli, kamar damuwa, da wucewa ba tare da lahani ga lafiya ba.

Hauhawar jini yana da matakai da yawa na tsananin:

• Digiri na farko ana nuna shi ta hanyar haɓakar episodic a cikin juriya na jijiyoyin jiki, wanda zai iya zama asymptomatic. Duk da tabbataccen amincin wannan matakin, an cika shi da matsaloli masu yawa, musamman yuwuwar bullar rikicin hauhawar jini da saurin canzawa zuwa mafi tsauri;
• Increaseara yawan tashin hankali na systolic daga 160 zuwa 180 da diastolic daga 100 zuwa 110 millimer na Mercury ana kiranta hauhawar jini na biyu. Lokaci na alamu na yau da kullun suna raguwa da raguwa, a kan lokaci, ba tare da isasshen magani ba, lalacewa da lalacewar gabobin da aka yi niyya fara;
• Ana nuna babban digiri ta hanyar hauhawar ƙwayar systolic da matsa lamba na fiye da milimita 180 da 110 na Mercury, bi da bi. Matsayin juriya na jijiyoyin jiki kusan a koyaushe yana kan iyaka mai mahimmanci, yana barazanar shiga cikin rikicewar hauhawar jini sannan kuma zuwa nakasasshe.

Digiri na biyu na cutar ya fi yadu sosai a cikin duniya, tunda ya fi ƙididdiga ƙididdiga - masu haƙuri da digiri na farko ba su ga likita ba tukuna. Kowane mutum yana buƙatar sanin bayyanar cututtuka da lura da hauhawar jini. Bayan haka, yawanci magani yana taimaka mata don hana ta ci gaba zuwa mataki na uku tare da rikitarwa.

Sau da yawa zaka iya ji daga likita ganewar asali na hauhawar jini na 2 tare da haɗarin 3, amma da yawa basu san menene ba. Lokacin yin bincike, ana yin la’akari da yiwuwar lalacewar ɓoyayyen sashin ƙwayar cuta, wanda hakan haɗari ne. An kasu kashi hudu:

1. Hadarin bai wuce 15% ba;
2. Matsayin daga 15 zuwa 20%;
3. Mitar hadarin baya wuce 30%;
4. Yawan rikitarwa ya fi 30%.

Wadannan gabobin sun hada da zuciya, kwakwalwa, jijiyoyin jini, da kodan.

Tasiri kan gabobin masu burin

Lalacewa na jijiyoyin jiki yana faruwa a cikin nau'i na matsanancin spasm, wanda ke haifar da cika ganuwar ta tare da nama mai haɗuwa. Wannan yana sa bangon ba na roba, amma mai yawa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ɗakunan ƙwayoyin atherosclerotic a kai.

Haɓakar hauhawar jini ta shafi tsarin ƙwayoyin koda na yau da kullun, yana wargaza aikinta. An bayyana wannan ta hanyar ci gaban lalacewa na koda - asarar aikin parenchyma na cire gubobi daga jiki.

Idan ba a kula da hauhawar jini ba, to gazawar koda za ta ci gaba kuma a ƙarshe mai haƙuri zai buƙaci sake juyawar koda ko hemodialysis.

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka uku don lalatawar zuciya.

Na farko shine canjin diastole a cikin ventricle na hagu. Wannan yana nufin cewa bayan tsananin damuwa a cikin systole, myocardium baya iya shakatawa gaba daya. A wannan yanayin, jikewar jijiyoyin zuciya tare da raguwar oxygen, ischemia ke tasowa, wanda zai iya haifar da necrosis;

Na biyu shine karuwa da kauri daga bangon ventricle hagu. Wannan yana haifar da lalatawar zuciya, wanda ke haifar da rikitarwa a cikin zubar da jini a cikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki. Idan aka ci gaba da cutar, to da yawaitar bango kuma, a saboda haka, aikin zuciya yana raguwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki ba su samun isashshen oxygen, wanda ke haifar da rauni da gazawar numfashi.

Na uku - rashin karfin zuciya, yana haɓaka tare da aiki mai ƙarfi na zuciya a cikin yanayin ƙarancin oxygen. Wannan ana nuna shi da lalacewa ba kawai annashuwa ba, har ma da ƙuntatawa na zuciya. Abu ne mai wahala ka iya maganin wannan ilimin, yafi rikitarwa fiye da hauhawar jini. Kuma idan cututtukan haɗin gwiwa kamar su atherosclerosis ko ciwon sukari sun haɗu da hauhawar jini, ci gaban bugun zuciya zai haɓaka.

Hawan jini na iya haifar da rikitarwa. Mai haƙuri na iya haɓaka bugun jini. Yana faruwa basur ko ischemic. A farko, toshewar hanji, yakan faru ne saboda katsewar tasoshin kwakwalwa. A yayin da mafi girma matsa lamba, mafi girman damar samun wannan rikicewa. Tare da ischemic bugun jini, ganuwar tasoshin ba su rushe, amma suna kunkuntar mai mahimmanci, wanda ke haifar da isasshen oxygenation na nama da mutuwar wuraren da cutar ta shafi.

Hawan jini yana kuma iya haifar da encephalopathy - wannan cuta ce mai tsauri, lokacin da hauhawar matsin lamba ke haifar da ciwon kai da aikin nakasa na kwakwalwa, wanda zai sake juyawa tare da isasshen magani.

Bugu da kari, canje-canjen fahimi suna faruwa - saboda matsananciyar yunwar oxygen, sel kwakwalwa sun mutu, ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa tana raguwa sannu a hankali, alamun ƙarancin ciki da kuma haɓaka.

Babban bayyanar cutar hauhawar jini

Hawan jini na digiri na biyu yana da alamu masu yawa, a cikin gano abin da ya zama dole a nemi likita don shawara da magani.

Misali, ciwon kai a cikin wuya da haikalin ya faru ne ta hanyar ci gaban vasospasm.

Kasancewar abubuwan jinya da yawa da fiber a cikin waɗannan yankuna suna haifar da farfadowa na raɗaɗi mai raɗaɗi.

Hakanan zai iya yiwu bayanin wadannan masu yiwuwar:

• Ana yin bayani game da gyaran fata na fuska ta hanyar yawan zubar da jini zuwa ga tasoshin, saboda karuwar matsin lamba, sakamakon abin da ke sanya kullun yaduwar jini kuma ya rasa jijiyoyi, yana haskaka fata. Hakanan yana iya haifar da tasirin vasculature akan fatar fuska da wuya.
• Kumburi, musamman fuska da ta ido, ana danganta shi da riƙe ruwa ta ruwa saboda raunin aiki, wanda yake faruwa sau da safe kuma ana ganinsa cikin hoursan sa'o'i bayan farkawa.
• Rashin wahala na yau da kullun da rashin jin daɗi ana haifar da su ta hanyar ischemia na kyallen takarda, musamman kwakwalwa da tsokoki na kasusuwa. Sakamakon rashi oxygen, a zahiri suna aiki don lalacewa da tsagewa, a hankali sun zama mara nauyi, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka - da farko, gajiya bayan bacci, raguwar faɗakarwa da ƙarfin aiki, sannan jin daɗin gajiya kullun.
• Abubuwan dake faruwa a cikin kwari kafin idanu, suna kara duhu a idanu bayan aikin jiki - wadannan alamomin suna faruwa ne ta hanyar amfani da jijiyoyin jijiyoyi da kuma toshewar tashoshin retina. Sakamakon raunin hawan oxygen, ƙwayar retina mai saurin farawa tana farawa zuwa atrophy, wataƙila wannan na faruwa ne tare da haɓakar ƙarfi, alal misali, tare da damuwa. Idan ba'a aiwatar da wannan tsari ba, toshewar fata da makanta na iya faruwa.
• Tachycardia, ko karuwar bugun zuciya, yakan faru ne da sannu-sannu lokacin da karfi ya tashi. Wannan shi ne saboda haushi daga masu karɓar zuciya, wanda rashin isashshiyar oxygen, ana haifar da sarkar sarkar. Ana qoqarin qara hawan jini domin mafi kyawun wadatawar jini. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar ƙaruwa da rage zafin nama na myocardium, wanda ji daɗin ji daɗin ji daga bayan sternum.
• Matsaloli tare da ƙwaƙwalwa da taro yana faruwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tana ƙarƙashin damuwa na yau da kullun saboda ischemia, haɗin jijiyoyin ya karye kuma ayyukan hankali suna wahala.
• Tinnitus lokacin hawa hawa da sauri mataki yana faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar kayan aikin vestibular saboda karancin oxygenation. Gashin hankali na atrophy, akwai sautin amo a cikin kai. Bayan haka, ana iya samun rikitarwa ta yawan tsananin zafin zuciya, asarar rai da rauni.
• Rashin haushi da karfin jiki na tasowa sakamakon rashin lafiyar koyaushe, yawanci yakan tsaya tare da lura da hauhawar jini.

Bugu da kari, allurar tasoshin jiki da ake gani tana faruwa - mafi karancin abubuwan rubewa saboda katsewar bangon jijiyoyin jiki.

Primary far don hawan jini

Lokacin aiwatar da magani, yakamata a yi amfani da hanyar haɗa kai.

Don magani, likitan halartar ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da magunguna da dama waɗanda ke da tasiri ga jiki.

Waɗannan magunguna ne na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda zasu shafi matakai daban-daban a cikin jiki. Dangane da haka, kula da jiki daga ra'ayoyi daban-daban.

Ana amfani da rukuni na rukuni na gaba: magungunan antihypertensive don daidaita adadi na matsin lamba da tasiri kan babban dalilin cutar; diuretics don cire ruwan wuce haddi daga kyallen takarda; ma'ana don rage girman jini don sauƙaƙe kwararar jini ta taskokin da aka toshe; cholesterol-rage kwayoyi don rigakafin atherosclerosis; shirye-shirye don gyaran sukari na jini, idan a cikin cututtukan da ke tattare da cuta akwai cututtukan sukari na sukari guda 2 / masu ciwon sukari na 1.

Magungunan rigakafi sun haɗa da:

1. Beta-blockers wadanda ke rage yawan zuciya. Sakamakon wannan, fitarwa na zuciya yana raguwa sosai kuma matsin lamba yana raguwa. Suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin gargajiya; sune farkon waɗanda suka shafi maganin cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini. Sakamakon sakamako mai haɗari shine haɓakar bronchospasm, tari mai narkewa da gazawar numfashi, sabili da haka, ya zama dole a yi la’akari da likita dangane da marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankarar mahaifa, tarin fuka da tarin fuka. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da Allunan kamar Metoprolol, Sotalol, Labetalol da analogues nasu.
2. ACE inhibitors - aikin su shine toshe enzyme na angiotensin, kuma don rage yawan angiotensin da zai haɗu da masu karɓar jijiyoyin jini da haɓaka jigilar jijiyoyin jiki. Suna ba da ingantaccen magani a matakin haɓaka bugun zuciya na zuciya, kare ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya daga kamuwa da cuta. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi ba a cikin marasa lafiya tare da gazawar koda kuma a cikin marasa lafiya akan hemodialysis, tun da abubuwa masu aiki suna fitar da kodan da mata masu ciki, saboda haɗarin gestosis.
3. Masu haɓakar Calcium waɗanda ke iyakance tasirin ion a kan masu karɓa na jijiyoyin jiki. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi azaman magani na hanawa. Sabanin beta-blockers, ba su da tasiri a kan tsarin numfashi, sabili da haka, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin marasa lafiya tare da toshewar hanji kuma suna da kyakkyawan bita. Wannan rukunin ya hada da Nifedipine da Diltiazem.

Bugu da kari, ana amfani da maganin alpha. An wajabta su ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da cututtukan ci gaba a lokaci guda, kamar su ciwon sukari mellitus, adrenal hypertrophy syndrome da pheochromocytoma. Zasu iya rage matsa lamba kwatsam, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci a lura da sashi wanda likita ya umarta. Doxazosin na wannan rukunin.

Medicarin Magunguna don Saurin hauhawar jini

A layi daya tare da magungunan antihypertensive, ana amfani da diuretics. Suna haifar da karuwa cikin jijiyoyin jini daga sel ta hanyar ƙara yawan fitsari. Zasu iya bambanta da karfin tasiri, don haka zaɓin magani gaba ɗaya mutum ne. Mafi ƙarfi sune madauki diuretics. Suna cire ruwa ba kawai, har ma da potassium, chlorine da sodium ion, wanda a cikin marasa lafiya da raunin zuciya zai haifar da ci gaban bugun zuciya. Wadannan sun hada da furosemide.

Thiazide diuretics, wanda ke cire ruwa daga ƙwayar nephron tare da ion potassium, yana barin sodium da chlorine a cikin ƙwayar intercellular, ana ɗauka dan kadan mai rauni ne sosai. Babban magani a cikin wannan rukunin shine hydrochlorothiazide.

Magungunan ƙwayoyin potassium ba su da tasiri sosai, amma ana ɗaukar su mafi tsananin idan aka kwatanta da sauran. Wakilin wannan rukunin shine Spironolactone.

A cikin layi ɗaya tare da wannan magani, an tsara statins waɗanda ke rage cholesterol da hana haɓakar atherosclerosis, da magunguna masu rage sukari ga masu ciwon sukari.

Baya ga babban magani, likitoci sun ba da shawarar bin ingantacciyar rayuwa, ƙara yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari a cikin abincin, in ya yiwu a ba da aƙalla mintuna talatin zuwa aikin jiki da ware shan sigari da shan giya. Idan ka yi biyayya da wannan, to, matsalar rage rikice-rikice ta ragu da kashi 20 cikin dari, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsawon rayuwa. Magungunan kai ba shi da daraja, tunda yawancin magunguna suna da contraindications kuma ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitan likitanci ne za su tsara su, duk da cewa duk wasu umarnin don amfani da maganin za a iya saukar da su. Wannan cike yake da rashin illa mara lafiyar.

An bayar da bayani game da hauhawar jini na lamba a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.