Ciwon sukari mellitus na iya faruwa ba tare da bayyana takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka ba kuma za a iya gano shi, alal misali, yayin ziyarar likitan ophthalmologist wanda zai gano cutar ta hanyar nazarin asusun mai haƙuri. Ko a cikin sashin zuciya - inda ake kwantar da maraice a asibiti bayan bugun zuciya.
Koyaya, akwai duka jerin alamu waɗanda suke taimakawa ganowa da fahimta ko akwai masu ciwon sukari. Haka kuma, nau'ikan ta da irin waɗannan alamun za'a iya ƙaddara a gida ko da dai-dai.
Determinedarfin cutar ciwon suga an yanke shi ne da matakin insulin, shekarun cutar, yanayin cutar garkuwar haƙuri da kasancewar cututtukan haɗuwa.
Abin da ya kamata ku kula da shi
Idan jiki bashi da magungunan cuta, bayan cin abinci a cikin jini akwai matakin suga. Don wannan, ba a buƙatar nazari ba, wannan sanannen sananne ne. Amma bayan sa'o'i 2-3, wannan manuniya ta dawo wurinta, komai yawan abin da kuka ci.
Ana ɗaukar wannan rikicewar jiki na halitta ne, kuma tare da metabolism din glucose wanda ba daidai ba, yana da damuwa. Kuma a nan za a iya samun bayyanar cututtuka ta hanyar da za ku iya lissafa ko akwai ciwon sukari kuma wane nau'in ke haɓaka.
Nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna da alamomi iri daya, amma farkon bayyanar su ya sha bamban. Da farko, zamu lissafa mahimman alamu.
Dry bakin, akai ƙishirwa, da yawan urination
Alamar tashin farko ta jiki daga jikin alamu ne masu hade da juna: bushewar baki, ya ambaci ƙishirwa mara jiji da haɓakar urination. Don kawar da wuce haddi na glucose din da ke cikin jini, kodan sun fara fitar da ƙarin fitsari. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan tsari yana farawa a matakin sukari na jini na kimanin 8 mm / L.
A ranar, marasa lafiya na iya shan ruwa har zuwa 6-9 na ruwa (wannan matsala ana kiranta polydipsia), sau da yawa urin ,ine, wanda yawanci yana tare da ƙonewa mai zafi sakamakon kamuwa da cuta, baya tsayawa koda da daddare. Yawancin lokaci mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari suna tunanin cewa sukan gudu zuwa bayan gida sau da yawa saboda sun sha da yawa. A zahiri, akasin gaskiya ne: suna jin ƙishirwa saboda sun rasa ruwa mai yawa. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, bushe bushe da ƙishirwa suna bayyana kwatsam.
Dry fata, itching, kuma da rauni warkar da raunuka
Sakamakon urination shine yawan shan ruwa a hankali. Gaskiyar cewa tana samuwa za'a iya yin hukunci da bushe, fata mai laushi da itching. Bugu da kari, rashin ruwa a jiki yana rage kwararawar jini - wannan yana haifar da rikicewar yanayin jini.
Fata mai bushe da ƙwayoyin mucous, bazuwar wurare dabam dabam da sukarin jini mai yawa na iya haifar da ci gaban cututtukan fungal, alal misali, a cikin ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta.
Rashin raunikan raunuka (irin wannan nau'in "cututtukan" cututtukan ") na iya zama alamar cutar: saboda karuwar matakin sukari na jini, ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin rauni suna jin daɗi. Raunin kafa na iya haifar da cututtukan ƙafafun kafaɗar mahaifa.
Babban mai saukin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta
A cikin mutane masu ciwon sukari, cututtukan gastrointestinal, cututtukan urinary tract, gingivitis da sauran cututtukan cututtukan bakin mutum suma sun zama ruwan dare, marasa lafiya da masu ilimin diabetologist sun fi kamuwa da cututtukan hoto. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don bayyanar waɗannan cututtukan za'a iya la'akari da bushewar mucous membranes da sukari mai yawa na jini. Bugu da kari, tsarin garkuwar jikinsu ya yi rauni saboda karancin jini: ba za a iya kwashe sel da sauri a yankin da cutar ta kama ba.
Yunwar da ke fama da rashin abinci da kuma ci
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, sun bayyana saboda gaskiyar cewa jiki ba zai iya daidaita matakin glucose da sel ke amfani da su don samar da makamashi ba.
Rashin tausayi, gajiya, gajiya, rauni na tsoka
Sulin da ba a fadi ba - ba tare da insulin ba, ana toshe hanyoyin samun wannan tushen na makamashi - yana ci gaba da yaduwa cikin jini, wanda hakan ya haifar da rashin karfi sosai. A sakamakon haka, marasa lafiya suna jin gajiya da gajiya na lokaci-lokaci. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, gajiya da rauni na iya haɓakawa a cikin 'yan kwanaki ko ma sa'o'i!
Kiba mai yawa cuta ce ga ciwon sukari na 2, amma nau'in 1 ana alakanta shi da nauyi asara mai sauri, ba tare da la'akari da yawan adadin kuzari ba. Gaskiyar ita ce, jiki, wanda ba tare da insulin ba zai iya canza glucose zuwa makamashin da ake bukata don rayuwa, dole ne a nemi hanyoyin samar da makamashi. Jiki zai fara kona kitse da farko, daga nan sai jujjuya tazo ga furotin da tsokoki.
Bugu da kari, zaku iya gano matsalolin a gida, lokacin da jiki, ba tare da bincike ba, ya nuna cewa wani abu yana tafiya ba daidai ba.
3 ƙarin alamun jikin da ya kamata faɗakarwa
Na gani acuity cewa canza a ko'ina cikin rana, na iya zama farkon alamun cutar sankarau. Wani korafi irin na masu wannan cutar a ofishin likitan likitancin ido yakanyi kama da "da safe komai ya kasance cikin hazo, amma da rana sai naji sauki sosai." Eventsarin abubuwan da zasu faru na iya haɓaka bisa ga yanayin mai zuwa: bayan wasu 'yan kwanaki, sai mutum ya fara hango mummunan yanayin a cikin tabarau ko ruwan tabarau waɗanda aka zaɓa kwanan nan. Dalilin irin wannan canzawar yanayin yana iya yin yawa sosai a matakin sukari na jini, shi ne yake kara karfin osmotic a cikin ido, wanda hakan ke haifar da riƙe ruwa a cikin ruwan tabarau na ido. A sakamakon haka, siffar ruwan tabarau na canzawa, kuma tare da shi ikon ganin a fili shima yana canzawa.
Kwatsam jin rashi na iya kasancewa alama ce ta farko. DM na iya lalata jijiyoyin cikin ciki don haka lalata tsinkaye daga siginar sauti.
Tingi da ƙage a cikin hannaye, yatsunsu da yatsun kafana iya zama alama ta firgita. Babban sukari na jini yana rage zubar jini zuwa ga gabar jiki da jijiyoyi, yana lalata jijiyoyin jijiya.
Wadannan alamu kuma zasu iya faruwa:
- spasms a cikin maraƙi;
- fata na fata;
- nau'i na ciyayi a ƙarshen;
- gashin fuska;
- alamu-kamar alamu;
- yellowish kananan girma a jikin (xanthomas);
- mantuwa
- rashin jin haushi;
- jihohi masu raha;
- balanoposthitis - kumburin ƙwayar cuta a cikin maza, lalacewa ta hanyar yawan urination akai-akai.
Yawancin bayyanar cututtuka sun dace da nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. A yau, babbar tambaya ga likitoci ita ce: yadda za a gane ciwon sukari? Amma zaka iya yin wannan tambayar da kanka a gida.
Type 1 ciwon sukari
T1DM cuta ce ta mutum wanda ake ɗaukar farin farin jini (T-lymphocytes) a matsayin wani ɓangare ne ga ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke haifar da insulin a cikin ƙwayar cuta kuma suna lalata su. A halin yanzu, jiki yana buƙatar insulin cikin gaggawa don sel su iya ɗaukar glucose. Idan babu isasshen insulin, to kwayoyin halittar glucose din basa iya shiga cikin tantanin halitta kuma, a sakamakon haka, suna tara jini.
Ciwon sukari na Type 1 yana da matukar damuwa: jikin yana lura da rashin insulin kawai lokacin da kashi 75-80% na ƙwayoyin beta da ke alhakin samar da insulin sun lalace. Sai bayan wannan ya faru, bayyanar cututtuka na farko ya bayyana: kullun yana azabtar da ƙishirwa, karuwar yawan urination da gajiya mai rauni.
Babban alamun dake taimakawa amsar tambaya game da yadda ake tantance nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 sune raguwar haɓaka a cikin matakin glucose a cikin jini: daga ƙanana zuwa babba da na biyu.
Yana da mahimmanci musamman don gano ainihin ciwon sukari na 1 cikin yara! Yayin cutar, saurin canzawa zuwa canje-canje a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar hankali yana yiwuwa, har zuwa coarma.
Mahimmanci alama ce mai mahimmanci na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari shine asarar nauyi mai sauri. A cikin farkon watanni, zai iya kaiwa kilo kilogram 10. A dabi'ance, asarar nauyi mai nauyi yana tare da aiki mara kyau, rauni mai ƙarfi, nutsuwa. Haka kuma, a farkon cin abincin mai haƙuri ba shi da ƙarfi, yana ci da yawa. Wadannan alamomi ne domin tantance masu cutar siga ba tare da gwaji ba. Strongerarfin da cutar ke ci gaba, da sauri mai haƙuri ya rasa nauyin jiki da aikinsa.
Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, fatar jiki ba kawai bushe ba ne: capillaries a kan fuska suna faɗaɗa, haske mai haske yana bayyana akan cheeks, chin da goshi.
Daga baya, anorexia, wanda ke haifar da ketoacidosis, na iya farawa. Alamun ketoacidosis sune tashin zuciya, amai, wani mummunan yanayi mai sanyin jiki. Tunda jiki baya iya yin amfani da sukari don samar da makamashi tare da rashi insulin, ana tilasta shi neman sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashi. Kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya same su a cikin kitsen mai, wanda ke ba da izini ga matakin ketone jikin. Ketone wuce haddi yana haifar da karuwar acidity na jini da ketoacidosis. Alamar ta shine kaifi, mummunan mummunan numfashi (da alama yana da ƙanshi kamar ƙusar ƙusa na ƙusa, wanda ya ƙunshi acetone). Koyaya, fitsari na iya jin ƙanshi mara ƙarfi.
Yawancin nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ana samunsa ne a cikin samari (5-10% na duk marasa lafiya da ke dauke da ciwon sukari mellitus sune mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 1), amma mutanen da suka haura shekaru 40 suna yawanci suna fama da ciwon sukari na 2 kuma an dace da magani ragewan sukari na jini.
Type 2 ciwon sukari
Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ƙwayoyin jikin mutum suna ƙara zama mai ƙarfi ga insulin. Da farko, jiki na iya rama wannan rashi ta hanyar samarda ƙarin insulin. Koyaya, bayan wani lokaci, samarda insulin a cikin farji ya ragu - kuma a wani lokacin ya riga ya isa.
A cikin wannan nau'in ciwon sukari, alamomin ba su da asali, wanda ke sa cutar ta zama haɗari. Shekaru biyar ko goma sun shude kafin a gano cutar.
Ga masu ciwon sukari na 2, kamar dai ciwon sukari irin na 1, ƙaddarar jini yana da mahimmanci, amma kasancewar kiba, hauhawar jini da kuma yanayin rayuwa suna yin babban tasiri.
Wannan cuta yawanci mutane sun fi shekaru 40 tsufa. A mafi yawan lokuta, alamun bayyanar cutar ba su nan. Yawancin lokaci ana yin binciken ne ta hanyar haɗari yayin shan jini akan komai a ciki. Gunaguni na bayyanar cututtuka irin su urination akai-akai da ƙishirwa yawanci ba ya nan. Babban abin da ke haifar da damuwa na iya zama ƙoshin fata a cikin al'aurar da sassanta. Saboda haka, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ana yawan gano shi a cikin ofishin likitan fata.
Ganin hoto na asibiti mai latti na cutar, za a iya jinkirta kamuwa da cuta na shekaru da yawa, duk da kasancewar alamu. Sabili da haka, a lokacin gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, yawancin lokaci likitoci suna lura da kowane irin rikice-rikice, kuma sune babban dalilin da mai haƙuri ya tafi wurin likita.
Bayyanar cututtukan sukari kuma na iya faruwa a ofishin tiyata (yana magana ne game da ƙafar mai ciwon sukari). Ana magana da masu ciwon sukari zuwa likitan ido saboda raunin gani (retinopathy). Gaskiyar cewa suna da hyperglycemia, marasa lafiya a cikin zuciya suna koyo bayan bugun zuciya.
Matsaloli cikin gane ciwon sukari a matakin farko sune babban dalilin cutar rikicewar cutar nan gaba. Sabili da haka, kowane mutum dole ne yayi la'akari da lafiyar su a hankali kuma, a farkon tuhuma, kai tsaye ka nemi kwararre!
Nazarin
Domin sanin daidai matakin sukari a cikin jini, ana yin gwaje gwaje da yawa na dakin gwaje-gwaje:
- Rashin bincike na sukari da jikin ketone;
- Gwajin ciwon sikila;
- Eterayyade matakin hemoglobin, insulin da C-peptide a cikin jini;
- Gwajin jini don glucose.
Guban jini
Gwajin ciki fanko bai isa ya yi maganin cutar daidai ba. Baya ga shi, kuna buƙatar ƙayyade abubuwan glucose 2 sa'o'i bayan cin abinci.
Wani lokacin (yawanci a farkon cutar) a cikin marasa lafiya akwai kawai cin zarafin shan sukari, kuma matakinsa a cikin jini na iya zama tsakanin iyakoki na al'ada. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa jiki yana amfani da ajiyar ta ciki kuma har yanzu yana sarrafa kanta.
Lokacin wucewa na gwajin jini na azumi, dole ne a kiyaye ka'idoji masu zuwa:
- Abincin da ya gabata yakamata a yi aƙalla awanni 10 kafin yin gwajin jini;
- Kada ku ɗauki magunguna waɗanda zasu iya canza sakamakon gwaje-gwajen;
- haramun ne a yi amfani da bitamin C;
- Kafin ɗaukar gwaje-gwaje, matakin tunani da aiki na jiki bai kamata ya ƙaru ba.
Idan babu cuta, to, sukari mai azumi yakamata ya kasance cikin kewayon 3.3 - 3.5 mmol / L.
