Abin baƙin ciki, mutane da yawa sun san da farko irin wannan cuta kamar atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis cuta ce da ake kamuwa da ita wanda ake yawan amfani da shi ta hanyar yawaita lipids a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini, musamman mayan hakan.wannan shine yake haifar da samuwar tasoshin cholesterol a cikin katuwar tasoshin, wanda hakan ke haifar da lalacewar yanayin zubar jini sakamakon raguwar jijiyoyin bugun jini.
Hakanan, adana cholesterol suna da haɗari saboda thrombi na iya samarda tushen su. Gilashin thrombotic na iya zama rikitarwa ta hanyar abubuwan mamaki kamar su infitarwa na zuciya, bugun jini, da kuma ciwo na “intermittent claudication” syndrome.
Sanadin Atherosclerosis
A halin yanzu babu ainihin takamaiman abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar atherosclerosis.
Akwai abubuwan haɗari waɗanda a cikin fiye da 80% na lokuta suna haifar da cutar da aka ambata.
Akwai rukuni uku na haɗarin haɗari - ba a iya juyawa ba, waɗanda ke da rikitarwa ta atherosclerosis, mai yiwuwa ko kuma a sake juyawa, da sauran su.
Abubuwan da ba za a iya musanya ba sun hada da masu zuwa:
- Balagagge da tsufa, watau shekaru fiye da arba'in;
- Tsarin gado na gado - idan dangi na kusa yana da matsaloli game da adana cholesterol, to tabbas cutar ba za ta shude ba;
- atherosclerosis sun fi saurin kamuwa da maza fiye da mata, a matsakaita suna rashin lafiya kusan shekaru 10 da suka gabata;
- shan taba sigari, wanda tsawon lokaci yana lalata membrane na arteries a wata hanya ko wata, yana ƙaruwa da haɓakawa ga abubuwan da ke tattare da cutar lipid, musamman maƙarƙashiya;
- hauhawar jini - kullum hawan jini;
- kiba shine, a kowane hali, mai yawan kitse a jiki.
Abubuwanda ke iya komawa ga hadarin sune:
- Babban matakan cholesterol, lipids da triglycerides a cikin jini.
- Ciwon sukari (mellitus) na farko kuma musamman na biyu, wanda nauyinta ya wuce kima yana halayyar mutum ne, sakamakon wanda juriya ke tasowa, watau garkuwar nama zuwa insulin, da kuma kara yawan sukarin jini (hyperglycemia).
- Levelsarancin matakan lipoproteins mai yawa, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da "kyakkyawa", ba ƙwaƙwalwar atherogenic ba.
- Abinda ake kira syndrome metabolism, wanda ke dauke da nau'in kiba a ciki, shine, yawan kitse mafi yawa a cikin ciki, rashi mai narkewa, shine matakin da ya saba dashi, yalwar jini triglycerides da hauhawar jini, watau, haɓaka hawan jini a koyaushe.
Akwai kuma rukuni na uku na abubuwan haɗari - ana kiran su wasu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da salon rayuwa mai nutsuwa, wani suna wanda shine rashin aiki na jiki da damuwa mai damuwa na yau da kullum;
Rukuni na uku kuma ya hada da shan giya.
Hanyar atherosclerosis
Babban dalilin cutar shine cholesterol mai hawan jini.
Cholesterol abu ne na kwayar halitta wanda ya zama dole ya hade ta jikin mu, kuma yakan fito ne daga waje tare da abinci.
Sauran suna, ko kuma, mafi daidai - cholesterol. Kalmar -ol a cikin harshen sunadarai yana nufin cewa cholesterol ya kasance giya, kuma, mahimmanci, mai narkewa, ko kuma lipophilic.
A cikin tsari na kyauta, kusan ba a same shi a jiki ba. Kusan koyaushe, yana cikin yanayin daure tare da kayan kariya, ko abubuwan kariya masu ɗaukar wuta.
Hakanan ana kiran sunadarai.
Dangane da haka, haɗuwar cholesterol tare da sunadarai ana kiranta lipoproteins.
Matsayi:
- Babban yawan lipoproteins mai yawa - wanda aka share kamar HDL. Suna na biyu shine alpha lipoproteins. Ana kiran sinadarin cholesterol din daga cikinsu "kyakkyawa." Ba ya bayar da gudummawa ga saka filaye a jikin bangon jirgin ruwa ba, amma yana yin ayyuka ne kawai masu amfani.
- Poarancin lipoproteins mai yawa - an taƙaice kamar LDL, ko beta-lipoproteins. Ana kiran cholesterol da ke hade da su "mara kyau." Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman, tunda wannan nau'in cholesterol ne wanda kai tsaye ya shiga cikin ƙirƙirar filayen atherosclerotic kuma yana sa marasa lafiya su yi tambaya: menene mummunan cholesterol da yadda za a magance shi?
- Poarancin wadataccen lipoproteins - LDL ko pre-beta lipoproteins. Ayyukan su sunyi kama da low lipoproteins mai yawa.
- Chylomicrons - suna da alhakin jigilar mai mai kyauta, suna samar da cikakken narkewa a cikin karamin hanjin.
Sakamakon girman ƙwayoyin cholesterol, kuma musamman ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa a cikin jini, sannu a hankali ya fara tarawa cikin jiki. Mafi kyawun wurin ajiyarsa shine ganuwar bangon jijiyoyin hannu Da farko, akwai ɗan lalacewa a bango na jijiyoyin jiki, wanda ke kara lalata yanayin bangon jijiyoyin jiki. Wannan lamari ne mai dacewa don shigowar cholesterol a cikin wannan bango. Bayan ya shiga bango na jijiyoyin jiki, ƙwayoyin da ake kira monocytes suna jawo hankalin su nan da nan kan aikin kumburi na gaba. A wurin, suna canzawa zuwa manyan sel da ake kira macrophages. A cikin waɗannan macrophages, ana ci gaba da ajiye ƙwayoyin cholesterol kuma abubuwan da ake kira siffofin ƙwayoyin kumfa. Macrophages kuma yana toshe abubuwan da ke taɓar da haɗuwar nama, saboda abin da ya sa atherosclerotic plaques daga baya ya zama mai yawa.
Farko, ko launin rawaya farashi na farko. Suna zaune a gefen jiragen ruwan kuma ba'a gano su ta kowace hanya ba.
Gaba kuma, tare da hadewar abin da ke tattare da kayan hadin kai, an samar da makabartun fibrous waxanda suke kan dukkan kewayen bugun jini kuma yana kawo cikas ga yanayin jini, yana rage shi da kashi 75 ko fiye.
Clinical bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis
Bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis kusan iri ɗaya koyaushe ne a cikin duk marasa lafiya. Amma sun, da farko, sun dogara da ƙaddamar da tsarin ilimin halittu. An san cewa mafi yawan lokuta atherosclerosis yana shafar jijiyoyin jini, ko jijiyoyin zuciya, wanda ke ɗaukar jini mai wadatar oxygen zuwa ƙwayar zuciya. Lokacin da suka shafe shi, cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini (CHD) ke tasowa. Sakamakon wannan, myocardium baya karɓar jini na jijiya a cikin wadataccen adadin, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar halayyar bugun kirji - angina pectoris.
Ban da ciwo, mutum yakan ji tsoro da tsoro, tsoro na mutuwa da gazawar numfashi. Saboda wannan ne ake kiran angina pectoris angina pectoris. Inguntataccen ɓataccen ƙwayar ƙwayar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki da rashin ingantaccen magani zai iya haifar da cutar necrosis, wato, mutuwar ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya - zuwa cikin taƙuwar ciki na ciki.
Kwayoyin jijiyoyin ƙananan ƙarshen sune na biyu a cikin mita daga atherosclerosis. An bayyana wannan ta hanyar halayyar cutar "bayyananniyar magana." Tare da wannan ciwo, mai haƙuri yawanci ana tilasta shi ya daina yin tafiya ko da a ƙananan gudu da kuma a cikin mahimmin nesa, saboda yana jin ciwo mai zafi a cikin shins da ƙafafu, firgitar hankali da ƙamus. Fata na ƙafafu ya zama mara nauyi, sanyi ga taɓawa, taɓa taɓawa ba koyaushe ake jin sa.
A tsawon lokaci, hanyar cutar a cikin ƙananan sassan ƙafafu suna rushe haɓakar gashi, raunukan da ba su da warkaswa na dogon lokaci na iya bayyana saboda ƙoshin jini, fatar ta bushe, toka, kuma yanayin ƙusa ta canza. Ba a tantance abin da ke jan jirgi a kafafu ba.
Lalacewa ga tasoshin kwakwalwa, ko jiragen ruwa, suma sun zama ruwan dare gama gari. Tare da ƙwayar cuta na cerebral atherosclerosis, akwai alamar Ribot alama: mai haƙuri ba zai iya amsa tambayar abin da ya faru rabin sa'a da suka wuce ko a jiya ba, amma zai yi farin ciki ya ba da labarin duk abubuwan da suka faru shekaru goma da suka gabata. Hakanan, bayyanar ciwon kai, raunin kwakwalwa mai hankali, yawan jujjuyawar motsi, neurosis, da rikicewar kwakwalwa basa yanke hukunci.
Atherosclerosis na tasoshin rami na ciki ba shi da yawa, amma har yanzu. A wannan yanayin, akwai matsala ta narkewa a cikin nau'in maƙarƙashiya ko zawo, yawan jin zafi a ciki, ƙarancin narkewa na narkewa da enzymes.
Tare da atherosclerosis na cututtukan koda, da farko, marasa lafiya suna cikin damuwa da ci gaba da hawan jini, wanda ba ya amsawa da magani tare da magunguna.
Hakanan za'a iya samun ƙananan ciwon baya.
Yaƙi da atherosclerosis tsari ne mai tsawo, mai rikitarwa, mai ɗaukar lokaci.
Jiyya yana buƙatar haƙuri na musamman da kuma bin duk umarnin likitan halartar.
Kuna iya kawar da "mummunan" cholesterol idan kun bi manyan hanyoyin magani.
Waɗannan buƙatun sune:
- abinci
- shan magunguna;
- motsa jiki na yau da kullun;
- idan ana so - amfani da maganin gargajiya, wanda za'a iya shirya shi da kansa a gida;
- Idan akwai matsala ko tare da aiki mai gudana, ana bada shawarar yin tiyata.
Abincin abinci shi ne iyakance yawan amfani da mai, soyayyen abinci, kyafaffen abinci, abinci mai cike da kima na dabbobi, kayan abinci, farin kabeji, shayi da kofi, da kayayyakin cakulan. Madadin haka, kuna buƙatar cin ƙarin kifi, abincin teku, kaji mai ƙoshin mai, mai kayan lambu, burodin burodi, ganye, sababbin 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, ganyaye, berries, ruwan teku, kwayoyi,' ya'yan itacen citrus.
Ana buƙatar shan magunguna. Magungunan anti-atherosclerotic sun haɗa da irin waɗannan rukunin magunguna kamar:
- Statins - sune suka fi yawa. Wadannan kwayoyi ne kamar Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin. Suna taimakawa rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, musamman marasa ƙarfi da ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa, rage ayyukan aikin kumburi a wurin saka jari, tare da taimakawa wajen kwantar da ƙwararrun filaye.
- Fibrates magunguna ne da ake kira Fenofibrate, Bezafibrat. Suna taimaka wajan magance babban triglycerides.
- Mabiyan canji na Anion - maganin Cholestyramine.
- Ayyukan Nicotinic acid - Nicotinamide.
Duk magungunan anti-atherosclerotic dole ne a sha kwamfutar hannu guda daya da daddare, saboda cikin dare ne ake samar da mafi yawan cholesterol a jikin mu.
Magungunan ƙwayoyin jama'a suna da tasiri sosai a cikin yaƙi da atherosclerosis. Za'a iya amfani da ganye iri-iri. Misali, wani kayan ado daga rhizome na Caucasian discora, jiko daga Zikirin Gwal, adon da yake haifar da lasisin lasisi, jiko daga furannin hawthorn yana taimakawa sosai. Bayani mai yawa tabbatacce game da tsaba flax. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin ɗaukar propolis, tushen valerian, thistle.
Ana amfani da jiyyar tiyata don nisantar da jijiyoyin bugun bugun jini sama da kashi 60 cikin dari. Wannan aikin ana kiran shi stenting, kuma ya ƙunshi gabatar da balan-balan na musamman (stent) a cikin jirgin ruwa, wanda ke kumbura, ta haka ne yake buɗe ƙwanƙwasawar bugun jini da matse bututun atherosclerotic, yana rage yiwuwar lalacewarsa. Idan da yawa raunuka na jijiyoyin jiki, cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya da jijiyoyin wuya ana bada shawarar su - wannan na haifar da kwararar jini. “Vesselarin jirgin ruwa” an halitta, wanda aka samo shi daga wani wuri da aka ɗauka daga jijiya ko jijiya.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a lura da cholesterol a kai a kai. Matsayinta na yau da kullun sun kasance daga 2.8 zuwa 5.2 mmol / L.
Ana tattauna hanyoyin don rage matakan LDL a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
