Atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis (wasu sunaye na cutar - myocardiosclerosis, sclerosis of the heart) shine yaduwar yaduwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin myocardium saboda ajiyar cholesterol a cikin tasoshin jijiyoyin jini. Babban alamar cutar ita ce cuta mai saurin yaduwar jijiya, wanda ke bayyane ta rashin zuciya, arrhythmia, gazawar hanya da kuma bugun zuciya.
Binciken ilimin cutar ya hada da hanyoyi daban-daban - electrocardiography, echocardiography, ergometry keke, cholesterol, lipoproteins da kuma gwajin magunguna.
Idan aka yi sahihin tabbataccen ganewar asali, watakila mai haƙuri ya dakatar da canji na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini. Therapy yana da niyya ga daidaituwa wurare dabam dabam na jini a cikin na jijiyoyin zuciya, hanya da kuma kari, kawar da zafi da rage taro cholesterol.
Sanadin da pathogenesis na cutar
A cikin zuciya, an yi imani da cewa atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis alama ce ta IHD. Wannan cuta tana haifar da mai da hankali ko yadudduka sauyawa daga tsarin tsoka na myocardial tare da raunuka.
Babban dalilin ci gaban tsarin cututtukan cuta shi ne sanya ajiyar alluran cholesterol a cikin tasoshin jijiyoyin jini wanda ke faruwa a cikin shekaru 50.
Irin waɗannan adibas sune sakamakon rikicewar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta jiki, lokacin da jinin jini na ƙarancin lipoproteins (LDL) ya ƙaru - ƙwayoyin furotin na musamman wanda ke ɗaukar cholesterol zuwa sel. Ba su narke a cikin jini ba, don haka lokacin da suka wuce haddi a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini, hazo zai fara nunawa a cikin nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cholesterol.
A wannan yanayin, akwai raguwa a cikin yawan ƙwayoyin lipoproteins (HDL), waɗanda ba su da atherogenic. Yawan matakan hawan jini alamun su ne na al'ada na maganin kiba. Wadannan mahadi sunadarai suna narkewa cikin jini kuma suna hana samuwar filaye.
Hakanan yana haifar da rashin lafiyar metabolism a cikin mutane waɗanda basa bin ingantaccen tsarin rayuwa. Abubuwan da ke kara haɗarin cutar myocardiosclerosis sun haɗa da:
- rashin motsa jiki da kiba;
- yawan cin abinci mai wuce haddi tare da sinadarin cholesterol;
- gaban ciwon sukari mellitus (nau'in 1 ko 2);
- yin amfani da maganin hana haihuwa;
- mummunan halaye - sigari da barasa.
Groupungiyar haɗarin ta haɗa da maza da suka girmi shekaru 45, masu ciwon sukari, mutanen da suka tsufa kuma suna da dabi'ar gado don haɓaka wannan ilimin. Ya kamata a sani cewa kasancewar cututtukan zuciya da na sankarar mahaifa yana ƙaruwa da kashi 80 cikin dari na yiwuwar atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis.
Mutuwar ƙwayar tsoka na myocardium yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. Sakamakon mutuwar masu karɓar raɗaɗi, ƙwaƙwalwar tsarin ƙirar zuwa oxygen yana raguwa, wanda hakan yana ƙara ƙaddamar da ci gaban IHD.
Fom da nau'ikan cututtukan myocardiosclerosis
Cutar na bayyana kanta ta fuskoki biyu - ya ba da babban mai da hankali da kuma babba. Babban bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan cutar biyu shine yanki na yankin da cutar ta shafa.
Ganowar cutar "karamin mai da hankali myocardiosclerosis" yana nufin cewa cutar ta shafi yankunan ba fiye da 2 mm a diamita ba. Dangane da haka, tare da babban focal, rukunin yanar gizon da aka maye gurbinsu da kayan haɗin kai suna da girma mafi girma daga mm 2 mm.
Akwai rarrabuwa na myocardiosclerosis, yin la'akari da tsaran abubuwan pathogenetic. Dangane da wannan ma'aunin, ana iya rarrabe nau'ikan cututtukan zuciya guda uku:
- Ischemic. Pathology yana ci gaba na dogon lokaci, kuma yana shafar tsoka na zuciya. Irin wannan cuta tana faruwa ne sakamakon karancin wurare dabam dabam na jini da kuma yunwar oxygen.
- Postinfarction (wani suna - post-necrotic). An nuna shi ta hanyar haifar da scars a cikin yankunan necrotic na myocardium. Suna zuwa cikin girma dabam dabam, tare da cututtukan zuciya na gaba zasu iya haɗuwa tare da tsoffin ƙira, suna haifar da manyan raunuka. Sakamakon yaduwar yankin mara girman, mai haƙuri yana fama da hauhawar jini.
- Canji (gauraye). Ya haɗu da nau'ikan cututtukan halittu biyu da ke sama. Don gaurayewar cututtukan zuciya, yawan yaduwar ƙwayar cuta mai haɓaka ƙwayar cuta shine halayyar mutum, wanda akasarin necrotic folic lokaci-lokaci bayan maimaita bugun zuciya.
Sau da yawa, myocardiosclerosis yana haɗuwa da cututtukan concomitant. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ischemia, dystrophy na myocardial, lalata tsarin ƙwayar tsoka da cuta na rayuwa a cikin zuciya.
Bayyanar cututtuka da alamun cutar
Coronarocardiosclerosis cuta ce da ke tasowa a cikin dogon lokaci, don haka a farkon matakan mutum bazai iya jin alamun komai ba. Sau da yawa, ana lura da canje-canje na cututtukan cuta na farko tare da nassi na electrocardiogram (ECG).
Akwai rukuni uku na alamun, dangane da ci gaban cutar. Zasu iya ma'ana cinikin ayyukan kwanciyar hankali na zuciya, rawar jiki da kuma motsa jiki, da kuma rashin wadatar zuciya.
Idan a farkon haɓakar atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis mai haƙuri ba ya jin wani rashin jin daɗi, to, a kan lokaci zai iya yin gunaguni na jin zafi a cikin sternum yana haskakawa zuwa hagu na hagu, scapula ko yanki mai ɓacin rai. Akwai hadarin maimaita bugun zuciya.
Yayinda ƙwayar haɗin ke yaduwa a cikin myocardium, mai haƙuri yana da alamun bayyanar:
- rage karfin aiki;
- gajeriyar numfashi (na farko - tare da gajiya, sannan - lokacin tafiya);
- harin asma na zuciya;
- huhun ciki.
Lokacin da myocardiosclerosis yana tare da raunin zuciya, hanyoyin bincike masu zuwa suna bayyana:
- M ruwa a cikin huhu.
- Pritpheral puffiness.
- Increaseara yawan girman hanta (hepatomegaly).
- Maganar halayya da halayyar dan adam.
Tsarin zuciya da rikicewar hanya a haɗe tare da myocardiosclerosis yana haifar da sakamako fiye da ɗaya. Sakamakon haka, extrasystole na iya faruwa - matsanancin ƙanƙancin sassan sassan mutum ko daukacin zuciya; atrial fibrillation - m atrial contractions da fibrillation wasu rukuni na tsokoki na atrial; shinge na tarihi da na gaba-gaba.
Idan an lura da farko alamun lokaci daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, to tare da cutar ta zama abin da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.
Tare da haɗuwa na myocardiosclerosis tare da atherosclerosis na aorta, babban yanki da jijiyoyin mahaifa (macroangiopathy), mai haƙuri yayi gunaguni da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kamar haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, dizziness, lameness, da sauransu.
Hadarin cutar shine cewa bayan yanayin da ake ciki na ƙara lalacewa, ɗan gajeren haɓaka na iya faruwa.
Ci gaban dangi da wadatar rayuwa na iya wucewa tsawon shekaru uku, amma sai ga wata damuwa ta rashin wadatar jini ta faru, wanda ke haifar da mafi tsananin alamun cutar myocardiosclerosis.
Sakamakon rashin magani
Tare da haɓakar ciwon zuciya, yana da matukar muhimmanci a gano shi cikin lokaci kuma a fara jiyya sosai. In ba haka ba, haɗarin haɓakaccen rikice-rikice yana yiwuwa.
Ci gaba da aka samu daga cutar sanadin cuta yana haifar da matsala da yawa. Saboda gaskiyar cewa zuciya ba ta da ikon fitar da jini gaba daya, kararrakin marasa lafiya na iya hade da karancin numfashi, fitsari, kumburi daga hancin, pallor na fata, jin zafi a kafafu da kumburi na jijiyoyin mahaifa.
Haɗaɗɗun canje-canje na myocardial tare da stenosis na ƙwayar jijiyoyin jini (> 70%) ya ƙunshi rikitarwa masu yawa. Daga cikin su, ya zama dole mu haskaka:
- rauni na zuciya, wanda ke bayyane ta hanyar matsanancin bugun zuciya, bugun zuciya da tashin zuciya;
- dilatation daga cikin cavities na zuciya, i.e. increaseara yawan ɗakuna;
- thromboembolism (toshewar wani jirgin ruwa daga thrombus) da thrombosis;
- katsewa daga cikin aorta da aneurysm (vasodilation);
- firamillation na atrial;
- huhun ciki;
- take hakkin hanya da kari;
- paroxysmal tachycardia.
Statisticsididdigar lalacewa ta nuna cewa a cikin 85% na lokuta na sakamakon myocardiosclerosis, mummunan sakamako yana faruwa.
Sabili da haka, haƙuri da likita suna da aiki mai wahala - bin duk ƙa'idoji na aikin magani, abinci da rigakafin sakamakon cututtukan zuciya na atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis.
Ciplesa'idojin binciken cutar sankara
Bayyanar da wuri game da kowace cuta ya rigaya ya kasance rabin nasarar ci gaba. A wannan yanayin, ana lura da cardiosclerosis yayin karatun bincike na yau da kullun, kamar yadda na dogon lokaci ba ya yiwa kansa ji.
Likita ya binciki mai haƙuri bisa ga tarihi da alamuran kwayoyin cutar. Lokacin tattara anamnesis, ƙwararren likita ya ƙayyade ko mai haƙuri yana da cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, tashin hankali, rudani, atherosclerosis, bugun zuciya, da sauransu.
Don tabbatar ko musun ganewar asali, likita ya ba da umarni don yin nazarin bambance-bambancen ganewar asali. Da ake bukata: gwajin jini na biochemical (LHC). A gaban myocarodiosclerosis, ana lura da babban matakan cholesterol da beta-lipoproteins; electrocardiogram (ECG). Wannan binciken yana nuna alamun gazawar zuciya, bugun zuciya da gazawar hanya, hauhawar jini ventricular hauhawar jini, da kuma kasancewar alamomin postar infarction.
Hakanan ana buƙatar Echocardiography (EchoCG) da ergometry na keke (ta amfani da wannan hanyar ganewar asali, yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade matakin raguwar myocardial).
Methodsarin hanyoyin don gano cutar sankarau sun haɗa da:
- rhythmocardiography - don nazarin cututtukan zuciya;
- polycardiography - don tantance aikin kwangila;
- rikodi na ECG na dogon lokaci, wanda ke nuna aikin zuciya na tsawon awanni 24;
- ilimin tarihinha - don tantance wurin da matsayin kunkuntar toshewar jijiya;
- ventriculography - don tantance ayyukan kwangilar ventricles;
- gwajin magunguna;
- MRI na Zuciya;
- Duban dan tayi na tashin hankali da ciki;
Bugu da kari, za'a iya amfani da aikin rediyo na waje.
Farfajiyar cututtukan zuciya na atherosclerotic
Canje-canje na Cardiosclerotic tsari ne wanda ba za'a iya juyawa ba, saboda haka ana kula dashi da wahala. Yankunan farko na jijiyoyin jini da kuma wurarenda ake daukar kwalayen cholesterol an cire su, cikin sauri zaka iya dakatar da ci gaba da cutar.
Gabaɗaya, lura da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta myocardiosclerosis ana nufin magance alamun rashin ƙarfi na zuciya, dakatar da tsarin atherosclerotic, da kawar da abubuwan haɗari kamar shan sigari, yawan kiba, da ciwon sukari.
Kula da cutar ya hada da hanyoyin likita da tiyata.
Akwai magunguna da yawa waɗanda ke yaƙi da alamun cututtukan zuciya. Likita na iya ba da magungunan masu zuwa ga mai haƙuri:
- magungunan nitro - don vasodilatation, haɓaka ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali na microcirculation;
- cardiac glycosides - don daidaita yanayin bugun zuciya, wurare dabam dabam na jini, hawan jini da inganta hawan jini;
- masu adawa da maganin kazamar - don rage yawan lokutan rikice-rikice da fadada jijiyoyin wuya;
- vasodilators - don ƙarfafawa da haɓaka haɓakar bangon jijiyoyin jini;
- masu gwagwarmayar tashoshin calcium - don haɓaka haɓakawa da haɓaka ƙwayoyin jijiya, rage hawan jini;
- beta-blockers - don rage ƙarfi da ƙarfin zuciya, daidaita al'ada bugun zuciya da ƙara lokacin shakatawa;
- mutum-mutumi - don daidaita yawan ƙwayar lipid, rage ƙwaƙwalwar LDL da kuma hana ƙirƙirar filayen cholesterol;
- jami'ai na antithrombotic - don rigakafin haɗar platelet da ƙwayoyin jini;
- cytoprotectors da kwayoyi waɗanda ke haɓaka metabolism - don hanzarta tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, dawo da aikin cardiomyocyte da kwanciyar hankali na myocardial.
A cikin yanayin inda magani ba ya kawo sakamakon da ake so, ana yin tiyata.
Akwai ayyuka iri iri da nufin kawar da yunwar oxygen na zuciya: aikin jijiyoyin zuciya wanda ke dakatar da samarda jini zuwa zuciya; stenting, kawar da jijiyoyin bugun gini da kuma gudanawar jini; rufaffiyar angioplasty na hanyoyin jini, yana hana vasoconstriction.
Bugu da ƙari, cire ƙwayar aortic aneurysm an yi, wannan kutse yana kawar da cikas ga zagayawa na jini.
Yaya za a hana ci gaban cutar?
Matakan da za su hana cuta sun hada da daidaita nauyin jiki da abinci, barin mummunan halaye da wasa wasanni.
Kawai hanyar haɗin kai don kulawa da rigakafin zai iya ƙarfafa tsarin zuciya da hana haɓaka mummunan cututtuka.
An ba da matsayi na musamman ga abincin, saboda atherosclerotic adibas suna da alaƙar kai tsaye da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar lipid mai lalacewa. Babban mahimmancin abinci na musamman shine rage yawan ƙwayar cholesterol.
Shawarwarin don bin tsarin rage ƙwayar ƙwayar cholesterol don cututtukan zuciya:
- Don rage yawan abincin dabbobi - ƙwai yolks, offal (kwakwalwa, hanta), man alade, margarine, man shanu, cuku. Waɗannan samfuran da ke haɓaka cholesterol suna buƙatar watsi da su gaba ɗaya.
- Wajibi ne a wadatar da abinci da nau'in nama mai kitse, kifi, kayan kiwo tare da karancin mai mai, da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da abinci mai yawa a cikin fiber na dabi'a.
- Rage yawan cin gishiri zuwa 5 grams a rana. Madadin haka, zaku iya ƙara horseradish, ginger, tafarnuwa. Wannan zai taimaka wajen rage adadin ruwa mai yawa a jiki.
- Ban da abinci daga sausages, sausages, abinci mai sauri, samfurori da aka gama, mai ƙarfi kofi da shayi, kayan kwalliya, buns, abincin gwangwani, soyayyen, kyafaffen abinci mai mai.
- Wajibi ne a rage yawan abincin da ya kunshi carbohydrates. Waɗannan sun haɗa da wuri, ice cream, Sweets, cakulan, inabi, taliya, farin gurasa, ruwa mai daɗi.
- Ya kamata a ba da fifiko ga hatsi daban-daban - oatmeal, buckwheat, gero, saboda Suna da arziki a cikin fiber na abin da ake ci, wanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita tsarin narkewar abinci da kuma yaƙi karin fam.
- Ana ɗaukar abinci a cikin ƙananan rabo sau 5-6 a rana. Abincin ƙarshe ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 2 hours kafin hutawa na dare.
Wani muhimmin sashi na rigakafin cututtukan zuciya shine aikin jiki. Kowace rana ana ba da shawarar yin tafiya cikin sabon iska na akalla minti 40. Ba za ku iya hana nishaɗin aiki ba - wasanni, iyo, da sauransu.
Koyaya, tare da mummunan alamomin rashin wadataccen hanji, abinci mai gina jiki, tsarin shan ruwa, motsa jiki da kuma ayyukan yau da kullun ta hanyar masanin ilimin bugun zuciya.
An bayyana Cardiosclerosis a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
