Atherosclerosis cuta ce da ta shafi jijiyoyin jijiyoyin roba da na jijiya, suna hana su abubuwan da suka mallaka na asali yayin aiwatar da aiki na turawa da turare na jini.
A wannan yanayin, kitse mai-kitse yana tarawa a jikin bangon jirgin ruwa, kuma siffofin plaque. Sakamakon abin da ya haifar da sauri yana ta haɓaka kuma yana ƙaruwa, yana haɓaka jini sosai har sai da ya zama gabaɗaya.
Abubuwan etiological da ke haifar da ci gaban canje-canje na atherosclerotic an riga an ƙaddara su ba da cikakken fahimta ba.
Amma abubuwan da ke tafe suna da haqqoqi da za su tava samun damar yin rashin lafiya:
- Shan taba - allurai na nicotine na yau da kullun, wanda shine matsakanci a cikin yanayin dabi'a na jiki a cikin jiki, yana kwance ka'idar guguwar jijiyoyin jiki da annashuwa, wanda hakan ke kara zama mai kamshi kuma mai sauki ga shigarwar abubuwan atherosclerotic.
- Ciwon sukari mellitus - wani na kowa cuta na carbohydrate metabolism haifar da lahani ga kusan kowane na rayuwa dauki a cikin jiki, ciki har da mai metabolism. Abubuwan da ke cikin karkashin kasa na oxidized suna shiga cikin jini kuma suna kewaya a wurin har sai sun shiga bango.
- Hauhawar jijiyoyin jiki - matsanancin matsin lamba yana haifar da rauni ga rauni na yawan aiki na jijiyoyin jini, kuma yana da sauƙin hawa cikin sel. Hakanan, angiotensin 2, mai ƙarfi vasoconstrictor, yana ƙaruwa da izinin membranes cell.
- Kiba - idan enzymes basu iya jure kitse jikinsu ba, ba zamu iya Magana game da sake amfani da sinadarin cholesterol ba.
- Rashin daidaituwa na nau'ikan abubuwan hawa na cholesterol - idan yawan lipoproteins mai yawa ya zama ƙasa da al'ada, to, "mummunan" cholesterol yana gudana kuma yana ɓoye ƙwayoyin endothelial.
- Hypodynamia - salon rayuwa mai rauni yana raunana zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, ƙwayar tsoka ta lalacewa kamar ba dole ba.
- Maganin hana daukar ciki na bakinji yana damun ma'aunin hormonal a cikin mata An sani cewa maza suna rashin lafiya a matsakaita sau 5 fiye da sau da yawa, saboda mata suna da angioprotector na halitta - estrogen hormone na estrogen. Shan kwayoyin yana rage maida hankali.
- Saukewar kwakwalwa, matakan damuwa na lokaci-lokaci nonspecific juriya na jiki.
- Yawan shan carbohydrates da yawa.
Da wuya, abubuwan ke shafar mutum a lokaci guda, galibi mara lafiya yana da tsari da kuma haɗuwa da su.
Ba a san hanyar da atherosclerosis na takamaiman ba, amma akwai da yawa ka'idojin da ke bayanin aikin.
A cikin tsarin ilimin zamani, an gabatar da pathogenesis na atherosclerosis a matakai a cikin nau'ikan ka'idoji masu jagoranci guda biyu - lipidogenic da ba lipidogenic.
Na farkon su ya samo asali ne daga canje-canje na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da jini da tsarin enzyme, ba da hankali ga yanayin farko na bututun jijiyoyin jini ba.
Ana iya bambanta matakai masu zuwa na etiopathogenesis a ciki:
- Tsarin Dolipid. Akwai ƙarancin raunuka na endothelial, haɓaka izuwa ƙwayar sel, ta hanyar abin da ke cikin jini, fibrin, ya riga ya shiga. Flat parietal thrombi sanda. Intima na jirgin ruwa yana cike da glycosaminoglycans, kumburi mucoindoid ya tabbata.
- Lipoidosis Foaukar hoto daga cikin membrane na ciki tare da lipids (cholesterol), haɓakar kitse mai ratsa jiki, waɗanda ke bayyane ga ido tsirara. Kwayoyin Foamy da ake kira xanthomas sun tara a nan. Amsar jiki da kanta na canje-canje a cikin kayanta ya fara, kuma ƙwayoyin roba suna narkewa.
- Liposclerosis Pathophysiologists sun bambanta wannan matakin a tsakanin wasu, saboda a kanta sel suka kumbura kuma suka cika da fashewar detritus, wanda ke kaiwa ga sakin abubuwa masu aiki a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta. Bayan wannan, ƙwayar haɗin haɗin yana haɓaka mai ƙarfi, kuma firam na fibrous plaque siffofin.
- Atherosis Lokacin da aka samar da fibrin zaren ya dauki kitse, ya zama mai launin toka. Sealuddin ya warwatse daga ciki kuma wani lokacin zai iya kaiwa girman gwargwadon iko. Irin wannan plaque ya rufe bakin jirgin.
- Rashin ƙarfi. Daya daga cikin abubuwanda zasu yiwu yayin aiwatarwar pathogenesis, amma ba'a buƙata ba. “Murfin” samuwar ya yanke, kuma yana da rauni a cikin sa. Lalacewa za ta kasance a rufe ta platelet, wanda zai kai ga mafi girma fibrosis, ko shiga cikin zurfin yadudduka, sabo zai fara aiki.
- Atherocalcinosis. Casanyen kwastomomi yana kammala shigar ciki zuwa kauri na alli, wanda aka jinkirta tsakanin ɗairorin. Yanzu dutsen yana da wahala sosai da wuya a cire, kuma rabuwa ta cika da matsala.
Ka'idar da ba ta lipidogenic tana da kusan iri guda iri daya na ci gaban cuta, amma abin da yake haifar dashi lalacewar gawar ne ta hanyar wakilai na kamuwa da cuta, iska, sinadarai ko tasirin cuta.
Hakanan baza'a iya musun yanayin polyetiological na atherosclerosis ba
Atherosclerosis cuta ce ta lipid. Babban abubuwanda ke haifar da canjin cuta sune triglycerides kyauta, mai mai kitse da cholesterol.
Suna da hanyoyi na waje da na ciki don shiga cikin zagayawa kyauta. Don samun daidaitaccen ra'ayi game da metabolism na metabolism, zamuyi nazarin tsari don tsari. Lokacin da cholesterol ya shiga jiki tare da abinci da sauran kitsen dabbobi, yana zama mai narkewa kuma ya rushe a cikin karamin hanjin, daga nan ne sha sha.
Tunda tushen jini ruwa ne, kuma kitse mai narkewa a ciki zai haifar da rikicewar jini da kwararar jini, fasalin sufuri ya zama dole. Waɗannan su ne chylomicrons, HDL da LDL (ƙananan ƙarancin lipoproteins da yawa).
HDL yana ɗaukar cholesterol "mai amfani", don sarrafawa zuwa makamashi, ƙirar homones da kiyaye yawan membranes.
Chylomicrons jigilar triglycerides, samfurin asali na rage yawan lipid.
LDL yana da alaƙa da cholesterol "mara kyau" kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga tarawarsa a cikin endoplasmic reticulum na tantanin halitta har sai ya zama xanthomic.
Canje-canje a cikin kusanci an rarrabe su kuma an tsara su. Nau'in farko na plaque shine salon salula, wanda yake cikin fibrin “murfi”. Akwai abubuwa da yawa masu sanyin jiki, macrophages da leukocytes waɗanda ke ɓoye abubuwan abubuwan ci gaba, haɓakawa, chemokines, masu shiga tsakani na rigakafi. Non-takamaiman kumburi.
Sa'annan ya zo da matattarar ƙwayar sel mai haɗuwa da ƙwaƙwalwa mai haɗuwa, wanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin collagen da na roba, proteoglycans, ya zama dole don ƙarin aikin kwarangwal ɗin fibrous.
Abubuwan da ke cikin zurfin ciki Wannan cibiyar necrotic na cholesterol tare da esters, lu'ulu'u. Har ila yau, tsarin ya ƙunshi ragowar furotin bayan fashewar sel.
Sakamakon keɓaɓɓen masu sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, yana da wuya a shiga cikin ɗoƙin plaque ya lalata abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi.
The pathogenesis na atherosclerosis hada da ba wai kawai taƙaita daga cikin manyan canje-canje don gabatarwa da kuma ɗorafi a makarantun likita ba.
Yana haifar da maganin pathogenetic ga matsalar, kan iyaka akan ainihin lambobin asibiti.
Don haka, ya zama dole a sami tunanin nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na atherosclerosis, waɗanda suke da bambanci a cikin bayyanuwa da sakamako.
Tsarin na asibiti da na ɗan adam yayi kama da wannan:
- Atherosclerosis na aorta. Mafi tsari. Canje-canje an fi bayyana shi a yankin na ciki. Halin yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar asarar elasticity da hauhawar jini. Jigilar jini a jikin gabobin ciki na lalacewa, taɓarɓar koda, da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayar jijiyoyin mahaifa, thromboembolism mai yiwuwa ne.
- Jijiyoyin jini na jijiyoyin jini. Zuciya tana cin dumbin oxygen a koda yaushe. Sabili da haka, tare da toshe tasoshin da suke kawo shi, myocardial hypoxia da cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini (CHD). Alamar yau da kullun tare da ita shine ciwon kirji, shimfiɗa zuwa hagu na hagu, scapula, muƙamuƙi. Wataƙila rauni, gajeruwar numfashi, tari, kumburi. Sakamakon yana da matukar ƙarfi - infarction na zuciya.
- Arteries na kwakwalwa. Dukkanin cututtukan cerebrovascular suna fara anan. Tare da thrombosis na artro carotid na ciki, wani rauni na ischemic na faruwa. Nau'in na yau da kullun shine cike da canje-canje na atrophic a cikin cortex cerebral, encephalopathies, dementia.
- Hanyoyin hannu Tatsuniya yawanci yakan faru ne a wurin da ake fitar da ruwan arteriarenalis daga babban ginshiƙin. Sakamakon atherosclerosis na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ɗan adam shine koda na atherosclerotic wrinkled koda. Suarancin ƙwayar cuta ba ya faruwa, kodayake cutar sankara ta bayyana ta hauhawar jini na sakandare.
- Halittar hanji. Terminwaƙwalwar tashar ma'ana dangane da haɓakar ƙwayoyin hanji da ƙonewar hanji a cikin yankin da ke fama da cutar hanji (gangrene) da peritonitis. A kan tushen ischemia na kullum, hare-hare na "toad na ciki" na faruwa - colic kai tsaye bayan cin abinci, wanda aka cire tare da nitroglycerin.
Hakanan an tantance atherosclerosis na ƙananan hanji. Shafe cututtukan atherosclerosis na ƙananan sassan yana haifar da haƙuri mafi girma da wahala. Ba a cire Lactic acid daga kyallen takarda ba, musamman tsokoki.
Irin waɗannan marasa lafiya ba za su iya yin tafiyar mita 200 ba tare da tsayawa ba, saboda ciwo mai rauni wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba yana karuwa tare da kowane mataki. A cikin matsanancin hali, rauni na trophic da gangrene na reshe mai yiwuwa ne.
Abubuwan rikice-rikice sun kasu kashi-kashi kuma mai tsawan rai, gwargwadon yadda yanayin ya kwarara yake. Acre sune mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa kuma suna haifar da ramuwar sauri cikin sa'o'i da yawa. Wannan rashin isasshen jijiyoyin jiki ne (ischemia), tare da lalacewar gabobin masu hankali. Dalilin shine clots na jini, emboli, vasospasm tare da maɗaukakiyar tsinkaye. Hakanan hade a nan akwai katsewar sabbin hanyoyin jirgin ruwa da ke da alaƙa da zub da jini mai haɗari.
Rashin rikice-rikice na yau da kullun na iya haɓaka shekaru da yawa, amma hanyar asymptomatic ta sa basu da haɗari sosai. Waɗannan sune cututtukan cututtukan jini na gida a cikin tasirin wani jirgin ruwa, dystrophic da canje-canje atrophic a cikin gabobin, haɓakar ƙwayar haɗin haɗin kai, kansa.
Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, huhun ciki da hepatic insufficiency, ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙwarewar motsi, farkawa da yanayin bacci, tashin iska, kumburi da jin zafi - wannan ba cikakken jerin duk sakamakon cutar ba ne. Don kauce wa wannan, kuna buƙatar fara rigakafin a yanzu, saboda a lokacin yana iya yin latti.
Yin rigakafin haɓakar cholesterol ya ƙunshi maganin abinci, motsa jiki na yau da kullun, ƙi abinci mai ƙima da halaye mara kyau. Jiyya a yawancin lokuta shine ra'ayin mazan jiya (magani) ko tiyata tare da siffofin da aka soke.
Babban halaye na wannan cuta suna thickening na jijiyoyin bugun gini jijiya da asarar elasticity. Hyalinosis da cutar Menckenberg suma suna cikin wannan rukunin, amma atherosclerosis sun mamaye wuri na farko a cikin tsawan shekaru da yawa.
A yau ita ce cutar mafi yawan gama gari a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa na tattalin arziki, 150 cikin 100,000 ba su da lafiya, kuma wannan adadin yana ƙaruwa. Atherosclerosis kanta ba shi da haɗari kamar rikitarwa mai rikitarwa, waɗanda sune manyan abubuwanda ke haifar da mace-mace daga cututtukan zuciya.
An tattauna pathogenesis na atherosclerosis a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
