Yin rigakafin bugun zuciya, bugun jini, atherosclerosis da kuma raunin zuciya a cikin ciwon suga

A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, sakamakon bincike ya samar mana da sabbin bayanai masu mahimmanci kan abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar zuciya. Masana kimiyya da likitoci sun koyi abubuwa da yawa game da abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewar jirgin jini a atherosclerosis da kuma yadda ake alaƙa da ciwon sukari. A ƙasa cikin labarin zaku karanta mahimman abubuwa waɗanda kuke buƙatar sanin don hana bugun zuciya, bugun jini da faɗuwar zuciya.

Jimlar cholesterol = “mai kyau” cholesterol + “mara kyau” cholesterol. Don tantance haɗarin haɗarin jijiyoyin zuciya wanda ya danganta da tattarawar kitse (lipids) a cikin jini, dole ne a lissafta rabo da kyau cholesterol. Hakanan ana ɗaukar azumi na jini triglycerides. Ya zama cewa idan mutum yana da yawan kuzari mai yawa, amma yana da babban kwalakwala, to hadarin sa na mutuwa daga bugun zuciya na iya zama kasa da wanda ke da wadataccen cholesterol saboda karancin ingantaccen cholesterol. Hakanan an tabbatar da cewa babu wata alaƙa tsakanin cin abinci mai cike da ƙoshin dabbobi da kuma haɗarin haɗarin zuciya. Idan kawai ba ku ci abin da ake kira "trans fats" ba, wanda ya ƙunshi margarine, mayonnaise, kukis na masana'anta, sausages. Masana'antar abinci suna son ƙarancin trans saboda ana iya ajiye su a kantin sayar da kayayyaki na dogon lokaci ba tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci ba. Amma hakika suna cutarwa ga zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Kammalawa: cin abinci mara dacewa, kuma ka ƙara dafa kanka.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari waɗanda ba su da iko a kan cutar su na daɗa sukari na keɓaɓɓu. Saboda wannan, suna da hauhawar matakan “mummunan” cholesterol a cikin jininsu, kuma “mai kyau” bai isa ba. Wannan duk da gaskiyar cewa yawancin masu ciwon sukari suna bin abinci mai ƙin mai, wanda har yanzu likitoci ke ba da shawarar su. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa barbashi na "mummunan" cholesterol, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin gishirin ko glycated, wato haɗe tare da glucose, yana fuskantar tasirin fata. Gabanin tushen sukari mai yawa, yawan waɗannan halayen suna ƙaruwa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa haɗarin musamman cholesterol a cikin jini ya hauhawa.

Yadda ake tantance daidai haɗarin bugun zuciya da bugun jini

Bayan 1990s, an samo abubuwa da yawa a cikin jinin mutum wanda hankalin sa ya nuna haɗarin bugun zuciya da bugun jini. Idan akwai abubuwa da yawa a cikin jini, haɗarin yana da girma, idan bai isa ba, haɗarin ya yi ƙasa.

Jerin sunayen sun hada da:

• mai kyau cholesterol - yawan sinadarin lipoproteins mai yawa (wanda yafi shi, mafi kyau);
• mummunan cholesterol - ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa;
• cholesterol mara kyau sosai - lipoprotein (a);
• triglycerides;
• fibrinogen;
• homocysteine;
• C-mai sake kunnawa mai gina jiki (kada a rikita shi da C-peptide!);
• ferritin (baƙin ƙarfe).

Idan taro na kowane ko duk waɗannan abubuwan a cikin jini ya haɗu da al'ada, to wannan yana nufin haɓakar haɗarin masifar zuciya, i.e., bugun zuciya ko bugun jini. Kawai tare da manyan yawa na lipoproteins shine kishiyar - ƙari akwai, mafi kyau. Haka kuma, gwajin jini ga abubuwan da aka lissafa a sama suna iya yiwuwa su iya hango hadarin bugun zuciya da bugun jini sosai fiye da kyakkyawan gwajin tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta. Dubi labarin "Abubuwan gwaji na ciwon sukari", duk waɗannan gwaje-gwaje an bayyana su daki-daki.

Yawan wuce haddi a cikin jini da hadarin zuciya

An gudanar da binciken ne a inda jami’an ‘yan sanda na Paris 70 70 suka shiga cikin shekaru 15. Lusarshe game da sakamakonsa: alamar farkon haɗarin cutar haɗarin zuciya shine ƙara yawan insulin a cikin jini. Akwai sauran nazarin da suka tabbatar da cewa yawan ƙwayar insulin yana ƙaruwa da haɓakar jini, triglycerides, da kuma rage yawan ƙwayar cholesterol a cikin jini. Wadannan bayanan sun gamsu sosai cewa an gabatar da su a cikin 1990 a taron shekara-shekara na likitoci da masana kimiyya daga Diungiyar Ciwon Ciki na Amurka.

Bayan taron, an yanke shawara cewa "duk hanyoyin da ake bi don magance cutar sukari suna haifar da gaskiyar cewa matakin insulin na mai haƙuri yana karuwa sosai, sai dai idan mai haƙuri ya bi abincin low-carbohydrate." Hakanan an san cewa wuce haddi na insulin yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa sel jikin bangon kananan ƙananan jijiyoyin jini (capillaries) suna ɓatar da sunadarai kuma suna lalacewa. Wannan shine ɗayan mahimman hanyoyin haɓaka makanta da ƙarancin koda a cikin ciwon sukari. Koyaya, har ma bayan wannan, Diungiyar Maƙasudin Cutar na Amurka tana hamayya da tsarin abinci mai ƙayyadaddun carbohydrate a matsayin hanyar sarrafa nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 da nau'in 2.

Ta yaya atherosclerosis ke haɓaka ciwon sukari?

Matsanancin matakan insulin a cikin jini na iya faruwa a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, da kuma lokacin da babu ciwon sukari tukuna, amma juriya insulin da ciwo na rayuwa sun riga sun haɓaka. Yawancin insulin da ke yaduwa a cikin jini, shine yake haifar da mummunar barkewar jini, kuma sel wadanda suke rufe bangon jijiyoyin jini daga ciki suna girma kuma suna zama denser. Wannan na faruwa ba tare da lahanin sakamako masu illa da sukari mai tsawan jini ba. Sakamakon lalata mai sukari yana lalata lahanin da ya haifar da haɗarin insulin a cikin jini.

A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, hanta tana cire cholesterol “mara kyau” daga magudanar jini, kuma tana tsayar da samarwarta lokacin da maida hankali ya zama sama da yadda yake a al'ada. Amma glucose yana ɗaure zuwa barbashi na mummunan cholesterol, sannan masu karɓa a cikin hanta ba za su gane shi ba. A cikin mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari, barbashi masu yawa na mummunan cholesterol suna juya su zama glycated (an haɗa su da glucose) sabili da haka suna ci gaba da gudana cikin jini. Nama ba zai iya tantancewa ba.

Haɗin glucose tare da barbashi na mummunan cholesterol zai iya rushewa idan sukari jini ya sauka zuwa al'ada kuma ba a wuce awanni 24 ba bayan kafa wannan haɗin. Amma bayan sa'o'i 24 akwai sabuntawar abubuwan haɗin lantarki a cikin kwayoyin haɗin g glucose da cholesterol. Bayan wannan, gyaran glycation ya zama wanda ba za'a iya juya shi ba. Haɗin glucose da cholesterol ba zai rushe ba, koda kuwa sukarin jini ya ragu zuwa al'ada. Irin wannan barbashi na cholesterol ana kiranta “kayayyakin glycation end”. Suna tarawa cikin jini, suna shiga cikin ganuwar arteries, inda suke samar da filayen atherosclerotic. A wannan lokacin, hanta na ci gaba da haɓakar ƙwayoyin lipoproteins masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, saboda masu karɓar sa ba sa sanin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, wadda ke haɗuwa da glucose.

Sunadarai a cikin sel wadanda suke jikin bango na jini su na iya daure wa glucose, kuma wannan ya sa suka zama m. Sauran sunadarai wadanda suke kewaya cikin jini suna manne da su, kuma saboda haka ne aka samar da abubuwan da ke cikin mahaifa. Yawancin sunadarai da ke gudana cikin jini suna daure wa glucose kuma suna zama mai narkewa. Kwayoyin farin jini - macrophages - sha sunadaran glycated, gami da cholesterol. Bayan wannan sha, macrophages sun kumbura, kuma diamitarsu na ƙaruwa sosai. Irin wannan macrophages mai narkewa da kitse ana kiranta sel mai kumfa. Sun manne da allunan atherosclerotic wanda suka haɗu akan ganuwar arteries. Sakamakon duk hanyoyin da aka bayyana a sama, diamita na jijiyoyin da ake samu don kwararawar jini a hankali suna tazara.

Tsarin tsakiya na ganuwar manyan jijiyoyin wuya sune ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi. Suna kulawa da filayen atherosclerotic don su kiyaye su tabbata. Idan jijiyoyi waɗanda ke sarrafa ƙwayoyin tsoka mai santsi suna wahala daga cututtukan ƙwayar tsoka, to waɗannan sel da kansu suna mutu, ana ajiye alli a cikinsu, kuma suna taurara. Bayan wannan, ba za su iya ƙara kiyaye zaman lafiyar barikin atherosclerotic ba, kuma ana ƙara ƙaruwa da haɗarin cewa plaque zai rushe. Yana faruwa wani yanki ya fito daga matsi na atherosclerotic a ƙarƙashin matsin jini, wanda yake gudana ta jirgin ruwa. Yana rufe bakin hanji har jijiyoyin jini yana tsayawa, kuma wannan yana haifar da bugun zuciya ko bugun jini.

Me yasa haɓakar haɓakawa da ƙwanƙwasa jini yana da haɗari?

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana kimiyya sun yarda da samuwar bugun jini a cikin hanyoyin jini a matsayin babban dalilin toshewar su da bugun zuciya. Gwaje-gwaje na iya nuna nawa platelet ɗin ku - ƙwararrun sel waɗanda ke ba da haɓakar jini - suna manne da juna kuma suna haɓaka jini. Mutanen da suke da matsala game da haɓakar haɓakawa na haifar da ƙwanƙwasa jini na da babban haɗarin bugun jini, bugun zuciya, ko toshewar jiragen da ke ciyar da kodan. Daya daga cikin sunayen likita don ciwon zuciya shine cututtukan zuciya na jijiyoyin jini, watau a.s, wani katon katako na daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin shaye shaye wanda ke ciyar da zuciya.

Ana zaton cewa idan haɓaka ta haifar da ƙwanƙwasa jini ya karu, to wannan yana nufin haɓakar mutuwa mai yawa daga bugun zuciya fiye da na cholesterol mai hawan jini. Wannan haɗarin yana ba ku damar sanin gwajin jini don abubuwa masu zuwa:

• fibrinogen;
• lipoprotein (a).

Lipoprotein (a) yana hana kananan cututtukan jini daga rushewa, har sai sun sami lokacin da zasu zama manya kuma suna haifar da barazanar toshe tasoshin jijiyoyin jini. Abubuwan haɗari don hawan jini na haɓaka tare da cututtukan sukari saboda hauhawar sukari na jini mai hawan jini. An tabbatar da cewa a cikin faranti masu ciwon sukari sun haɗu sosai da haɓaka sosai kuma suna manne da ganuwar jijiyoyin jini. Abubuwan haɗarin cutar cututtukan zuciya da muka lissafa a sama suna daidaita idan mai ciwon sukari ya himmatu da tsarin kula da masu ciwon sukari na nau'in 1 ko shirin kula da masu ciwon sukari na 2 kuma ya tabbatar da sukarinsa.

Rashin zuciya a cikin ciwon sukari

Waɗanda ke fama da ciwon sukari suna mutuwa daga raunin zuciya sau da yawa fiye da mutanen da ke da sukari na jini. Rashin bugun zuciya da bugun zuciya sune cututtuka daban-daban. Rashin zuciya shine rauni mai rauni na rauni na zuciya, wanda shine dalilinda yasa ba zai iya yin isasshen jini don tallafawa ayyukan jiki masu mahimmanci. Cutar zuciya tana faruwa kwatsam lokacin da jini ya rufe ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin jijiya waɗanda suke ba da jini ga zuciya, yayin da zuciyar da kanta take kasancewa ko ƙima lafiya.

Yawancin ƙwararrun masu ciwon sukari waɗanda ba su da iko a kan cutar da su suna ci gaba da cutar zuciya. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙwayoyin tsoka na zuciya ana maye gurbinsu da ƙoda da ɓacin rai tsawon shekaru. Wannan yana raunana zuciya sosai har ta daina jure aikinta. Babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya tana da alaƙa da cin mai mai yawa ko matakan cholesterol na jini. Kuma gaskiyar cewa yana ƙaruwa saboda hauhawar jini yana da tabbas.

Glycated haemoglobin da hadarin bugun zuciya

A shekara ta 2006, an kammala wani bincike wanda mutane 7321 ke da ƙoshin lafiya, suka shiga cikin su, babu ɗayansu da ke da alhakin cutar amai da gudawa. Ya juya cewa ga kowane 1% karuwa a cikin ƙididdigar haemoglobin glycated sama da matakin 4.5%, mita na cututtukan zuciya yana ƙaruwa sau 2.5. Hakanan, ga kowane 1% karuwa a cikin glycated lissafin haemoglobin sama da matakin 4.9%, haɗarin mutuwa daga kowane dalili yana ƙaruwa 28%.

Wannan yana nufin cewa idan kana da glycated 5.5% na haemoglobin, to hadarin bugun zuciyarka ya ninka sau 2.5 fiye da bakin cikin da ke da hemoglobin 4.5%. Kuma idan kuna da haemoglobin mai narkewa a cikin jini na 6.5%, to, haɗarin bugun zuciya yana ƙaruwa har sau 6.25! Koyaya, an yarda dashi bisa hukuma cewa cutar sikari tana da kyau idan gwajin jini ga haemoglobin ya nuna sakamakon 6.5-7%, kuma ga wasu nau'ikan masu ciwon sukari an yarda da hakan.

Babban sukari na jini ko cholesterol - wanne yafi haɗari?

Bayanai daga binciken da yawa sun tabbatar da cewa sukari mai haɓaka shine babban dalilin da yasa yawan haɗuwa da mummunan cholesterol da triglycerides a cikin jini ke ƙaruwa. Amma ba cholesterol shine haɗarin gaske na haɗarin haɗari na zuciya. Tsarin sukari a cikin kanta shine babban haɗarin cutar cututtukan zuciya. Shekaru da yawa, an gwada nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 don magance tare da “abinci mai cike da ƙwayar carbohydrate.” Ya juya cewa yawan rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari, ciki har da bugun zuciya da bugun jini, dangane da tushen abinci mai ƙarancin kawai ya ƙaru. Babu shakka, haɓaka matakin insulin a cikin jini, sannan ƙara yawan sukari - waɗannan sune ainihin cutar mugunta. Lokaci ya yi da za a canza zuwa shirin jiyya na nau'in 1 ko shirin kula da masu ciwon sukari na 2 wanda da gaske ke rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankara, da tsawan rai, da inganta ingancinsa.

Lokacin da mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari ko mutumin da ke fama da cutar santsi ya sauya zuwa abinci mai ƙayyadaddun carbohydrate, sukarin jininsa ya faɗi kuma yana kusan zuwa al'ada. Bayan 'yan watanni na "sabon rayuwa", ana buƙatar ɗaukar gwaje-gwajen jini don abubuwan haɗari na zuciya. Sakamakonsu zai tabbatar da cewa hadarin kamuwa da bugun zuciya ya ragu. Kuna iya sake amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwaje a cikin 'yan watanni. Wataƙila, alamomin abubuwan da ke tattare da haɗarin cututtukan zuciya za su ci gaba har yanzu.

Matsalar thyroid da yadda ake magance su

Idan, a kan tushen kulawa da hankali na rage cin abinci mai ƙirar carbohydrate, sakamakon gwaje-gwajen jini don abubuwan haɗarin jijiyoyin jini ba zato ba tsammani ya zama mafi muni, to, koyaushe yana! Wannan shine ainihin magabacin, kuma ba abinci bane mai cike da ƙoshin dabbobi. Matsalar cututtukan thyroid suna buƙatar magance - don haɓaka matakin su. Don yin wannan, ɗauki magungunan da endocrinologist ya tsara. A lokaci guda, kada ku saurari shawarwarinsa, suna faɗi, kuna buƙatar bi tsarin "daidaitaccen" abinci.

Ragewar glandar thyroid ana kiranta hypothyroidism. Wannan cuta ce ta autoimmune wanda ke faruwa sau da yawa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da cutar sukari ta 1 da danginsu. Tsarin rigakafi yana tayar da jijiyoyin jiki, kuma sau da yawa glandon thyroid kuma yakan shiga ƙarƙashin rarraba. A lokaci guda, hypothyroidism na iya farawa shekaru da yawa kafin ko bayan nau'in ciwon sukari na 1. Ba ya haifar da cutar hawan jini. Hypothyroidism kadai shine mafi girman haɗarin haɗari ga bugun zuciya da bugun jini fiye da ciwon sukari. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da shi, musamman tunda ba shi da wahala. Jiyya yawanci ya ƙunshi shan allunan 1-3 a rana. Karanta wane gwaje-gwajen hodar iblis da kake buƙatar ɗauka. Lokacin da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suka inganta, sakamakon gwaje-gwajen jini don abubuwan haɗarin cututtukan zuciya suma koyaushe suna inganta.

Yin rigakafin Cutar cututtukan zuciya a cikin ciwon suga: Gano

Idan kana son rage hadarin kamuwa da bugun zuciya, bugun jini, da gajiyawar zuciya, bayanin da ke cikin wannan labarin yana da matukar muhimmanci. Ka koya cewa gwajin jini don jimlar cholesterol baya bada izinin tsinkayar abin dogara game da haɗarin haɗarin zuciya. Rabin cututtukan zuciya suna faruwa da mutanen da suke da ƙwaƙwalwar jini na al'ada. Marasa lafiya sun san cewa cholesterol ya kasu kashi biyu “masu kyau” da “mara kyau,” kuma akwai wasu alamomin kamuwa da cutar cututtukan zuciya wadanda suka aminta da kwayar cholesterol.

A cikin labarin, mun ambaci gwajin jini don dalilai masu haɗari ga cututtukan zuciya. Waɗannan sune triglycerides, fibrinogen, homocysteine, furotin na C-reactive, lipoprotein (a) da ferritin. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da su a cikin labarin "Ciwon sukari". Ina matukar bada shawara cewa kayi nazari da kyau, sannan ka dauki jarabawa akai-akai. A lokaci guda, gwaje-gwaje na homocysteine ​​da lipoprotein (a) suna da tsada sosai.Idan babu karin kudi, to ya isa ya dauki gwajin jini don “kyakkyawa” da “mummunan” cholesterol, triglycerides da protein na C-reactive.

Yi hankali da bin tsarin kula da ciwon sukari na 1 ko nau'in shirin kula da masu ciwon sukari na 2. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau don rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya. Idan gwajin jini don ferritin magani yana nuna cewa kuna da ƙwayar ƙarfe a jiki, to yana da kyau ku zama mai bayar da gudummawar jini. Ba wai kawai don taimakawa waɗanda suke buƙatar gudummawar jini ba, har ma don cire baƙin ƙarfe daga jikinsu don haka rage haɗarin bugun zuciya.

Don sarrafa sukari na jini a cikin ciwon sukari, kwayoyin suna taka rawar uku-uku idan aka kwatanta da abincin low-carbohydrate, motsa jiki, da injections na insulin. Amma idan mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari ya riga ya kamu da cututtukan zuciya da / ko hawan jini, to shan magnesium da sauran ƙwayoyin zuciya yana da mahimmanci kamar bin abinci. Karanta labarin "Kula da hauhawar jini ba tare da kwayoyi ba." Ya bayyana yadda ake bi da hauhawar jini da cututtukan zuciya tare da allunan magnesium, coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine, taurine da man kifi. Wadannan magungunan halitta suna da mahimmanci don rigakafin cututtukan zuciya. A cikin 'yan kwanaki kadan, zaku ji cikin jin daɗinku cewa suna haɓaka aikin zuciya.