Azumtar sukari na jini daga jijiya: postprandial

Babban kayan makamashi ga jikin ɗan adam shine glucose, daga wanda, godiya ga yawancin halayen ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta, yana yiwuwa a sami adadin kuzari da ake buƙata don rayuwa. Akwai ƙananan glucose a cikin hanta, ana fitar da glycogen a daidai lokacin da karamin carbohydrate ya fito daga abinci.

A magani, Kalmar sukari jini ba ta wanzuwa, ana amfani da ita cikin maganganun maganganu, tunda akwai yawan sukari a yanayi, kuma jiki yana amfani da glucose kawai. Tsarin sukari na iya bambanta dangane da lokacin rana, cin abinci, kasancewar mawuyacin yanayi, shekarun mai haƙuri da kuma matakin motsa jiki.

Manuniya na glycemia suna raguwa koyaushe ko karuwa, insulin na hormone, wanda kayan aikin insulin ke haifar dashi, dole ne ya sarrafa irin wannan hadadden tsarin. Adrenaline na adrenaline yana da alhakin aƙalla matakan daidaituwar glucose.

Idan akwai wani aiki game da aikin wadannan gabobin, to tsari ya gaza, sakamakon haka, cututtukan da ke tasowa wadanda ake danganta su da shi. A tsawon lokaci, irin wannan katsewa ya zama cin zarafin matakai na rayuwa, cututtukan da ba a iya warwarewa daga gabobin ciki da tsarin. Don tantance yanayin lafiyar, ya zama dole don ba da gudummawar jini akai-akai don sukari, don ƙididdigar alamu na glucose a cikin jini a kan komai a ciki.

Yaya ake tantance sukari na jini

Za'a iya aiwatar da gwajin jini don matakan glucose a cikin kowane ma'aikacin asibiti; a yanzu, ana yin amfani da hanyoyi da yawa don tantance yawan sukari: glucose oxidase, ortotoluidine, ferricyanide.

Kowane ɗayan hanyoyin sun haɗu a cikin 70s na karni na ƙarshe. An gwada su lokaci-lokaci don bayanan abun ciki, aminci, mai sauqi don aiwatarwa, gwargwadon tsarin aikin sunadarai tare da glucose din da ke akwai. Sakamakon binciken, an kirkiro ruwa mai launi, wanda, ta amfani da na'urar ta musamman, ana kimanta shi don tsananin launi, sannan a canza shi zuwa allon adadi.

Sakamakon yakamata a ba da rahoton a cikin raka'a na duniya - mmol / l ko a mg a cikin 100 ml. Maida mg / L zuwa mmol / L kawai ta ninka lambar farko ta biyu. Idan aka yi amfani da hanyar Hagedorn-Jensen, adadi na ƙarshe zai zama mafi girma.

Ana ɗaukar kayan halitta daga ƙwayar ulnar ko yatsa, dole ne suyi wannan a kan komai a ciki har zuwa 11 da safe. Masu ciwon sukari sun yi gargadin a gaba cewa yana buƙatar:

• guji cin abinci 8-14 kafin bincike;
• an ba shi izinin amfani da ruwa tsarkakakken ba tare da gas ba, an yarda da ruwan ma'adinai.

Rana kafin gwajin jini, haramun ne a wuce gona da iri, shan giya, kofi mai karfi. Idan kayi watsi da shawarwarin likitan, akwai yuwuwar samun sakamako na kuskure, wanda ke haifar da shakku game da cancantar magani.

Lokacin da aka karɓi jini don sukari daga jijiya akan komai a ciki, ƙarancin izinin ya karu da kashi 12%, wato, a cikin jinin jinin yakamata ya kasance daga 3.3 zuwa 5.5 mmol / l na sukari, a cikin jinin venous - 3.5 - 6.1%. Sugar 5 mmol / L shine mafi kyawun nuni ga yara da manya. Idan yayi dan kadan - wannan shima bambance ne na al'ada.

Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawara cewa a sanya iyakar glucose na jini a 5.6 mmol / L. Idan mai haƙuri ya wuce shekaru 60, ana nuna cewa ya kamata a daidaita mai nuna alama zuwa 0.056, kuma ana yin wannan kowace shekara!

Lokacin da aka samo sakamakon, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar endocrinologist don shawara, likita zai gaya muku menene matsayin sukari, yadda ake rage glycemia, me yasa sukari jini ya fi girma bayan cin abinci fiye da kan komai a ciki.

Dokoki

Ga 'yan Adam, an samo iyaka da babba na glucose na jini, sun bambanta dangane da shekarun mai haƙuri, amma babu bambanci tsakanin jinsi. Ka'idojin jini sukari daga jijiya akan komai a ciki.

Abinda kawai yake da mahimmanci shine shekarun ɗan. Ga jarirai, yanayin yin glucose na azumi yana daga 2.8 zuwa 4.4 mmol / L, daga shekara 1 zuwa shekaru 14 - waɗannan lambobi ne a cikin kewayon daga 3.3 zuwa 5.6 mmol / L.

A lokacin daukar ciki a cikin mata, matakan suga na yau da kullun sun kasance daga 3.3 zuwa 6.6 mmol / L, haɓakawa da yawan glucose a lokacin haihuwar yaro na iya nuna ci gaban sankarar mellitus (latent), wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka nuna lura mai zuwa.

Yin azumi da sukari bayan cin abinci sun sha bamban, kuma lokacin rana yana taka rawa, lokacin da aka dauki kayan halitta don bincike.

Yaya ake tantance sakamakon?

Bayan samun sakamakon gwajin jini, likita yakamata ya kimanta matakan sukari na jini: al'ada, ƙarami, sukari mai yawa. Lokacin da ƙarin yawan glucose ya kasance a cikin jinin venous jini, suna magana game da hauhawar jini. Wannan yanayin ilimin jijiyoyin cuta yana da dalilai daban-daban, na farko, hyperglycemia yana da alaƙa da ciwon sukari na mellitus na farko ko na biyu, kazalika da cututtuka daban-daban na tsarin endocrine (wannan ya haɗa da acromegaly, thyrotoxicosis, cutar adrenal, gigantism).

Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da sukari mai yawa: cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, bugun jini, raunin myocardial, cututtukan hanta na hanta, cututtukan fata mai saurin kamuwa da cuta (cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata), cututtukan koda da ke hade da gurbataccen lalata, cystic fibrosis (matsalolin haɗin nama), hanyoyin autoallergic wadanda suke da alaƙa da samarda ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa insulin.

Sugarara yawan sukari da safe kuma a ko'ina cikin rana ana lura dashi bayan yanayin damuwa, ƙwarewar tashin hankali, matsanancin motsa jiki, tare da wuce haddi mai sauƙi a cikin abincin. Likitoci sun tabbatar da cewa karuwar sukari ana iya haifar da ita ta hanyar shan sigari, magani tare da wasu magunguna, kwayoyin, estrogens, magunguna wadanda suka hada da maganin kafeyin.

Wani mawuyacin hali a cikin sukari na jini shine hypoglycemia (ƙimar darajar glucose). Wannan yana faruwa tare da irin wannan cuta da cututtuka:

1. hanyoyin oncological a cikin ciki, glandar adrenal, hanta;
2. hepatitis, cirrhosis;
3. ilimin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (tsari mai kumburi, ƙari);
4. canje-canje a cikin tsarin endocrine (rage aikin thyroid);
5. yawan amfani da magunguna (anabolics, insulin, salicylates).

Azumi glucose na jini yana raguwa sakamakon guba ta mahallin arsenic, barasa, tare da matsananciyar yunwar, motsa jiki ta wuce kima, ƙara yawan zafin jiki da cututtuka, cututtukan hanji tare da malabsorption na abubuwan gina jiki.

Ana gano cututtukan cututtukan fata a cikin jarirai, da kuma a cikin yara daga iyaye mata masu ciwon sukari.

Cutar Zazzabin Ciwon sukari

Yin azumi sukari na jini yana taimakawa a yanke idan mai haƙuri ya kamu da ciwon sukari da kuma makamancinsa. Sauƙaƙan shawarwarin likita sun ba da shawarar cewa daidaitaccen glucose na jini ya kamata ya dace da alamomi daga 5.6 zuwa 6.0 mmol / L, yanayin lokacin da sakamakon jinin azumi ya haifar da jijiya fiye da 6.1 mmol / L a matsayin babban ciwon suga.

Menene yakamata ya zama sukari ga masu ciwon sukari? Za a samu ingantaccen bincike game da cutar sankarau a cikin sukari da safe sama da 7.0 mmol / L, ba tare da la'akari da cin abinci ba - 11.0 mmol / L.

Yana faruwa sau da yawa cewa sakamakon binciken abu ne da aka dakatar, babu alamun bayyanar cutar sankara. A cikin irin waɗannan halaye, an kuma nuna shi don gudanar da gwajin damuwa tare da glucose, wani sunan don nazarin shine gwajin haƙuri na glucose (TSH), tsarin sukari.

Da farko, suna ɗaukar sukari da safe a kan komai a ciki, suna ɗaukar wannan sakamakon a matsayin alamar farko. Sannan 75 g na gullintaccen foda na tsabta a cikin gilashin ruwa, an sha shi a baki a lokaci guda. Yara suna buƙatar ɗaukar glucose ƙasa, ana ƙididdige yawan gwargwadon nauyin, idan yaro yana da nauyin har zuwa kilogiram 45, ga kowane kilogiram 1.75 g na glucose ya kamata a ɗauka. Bayan minti 30, 1, awa 2, yakamata ku ɗauki ƙarin samfuran jini don sukari.

Yana da mahimmanci ƙin daga samfurin farko da na ƙarshe na jini:

1. aikin jiki;
2. shan taba;
3. cin abinci.

Menene daidaitaccen sukarin jini? Yawan sukari na jini da safe yakamata ya kasance tsakanin iyakoki na yau da kullun ko ƙaramin ƙananan, idan akwai cin zarafin haƙuri a cikin glucose, bincike mai zurfi zai nuna 11.1 mmol / l a cikin jini daga yatsa, da kuma 10.0 a cikin jini daga jijiya. 2 hours bayan binciken, alamun glycemia ya kamata su kasance sama da lambobin al'ada.

Idan azumin sukari na jini ya yawaita, za a kuma gano glucose a cikin fitsari, da zaran sukari ya kai darajar al'ada, to zai bace a cikin fitsari. Me yasa sukari mai azumi yafi girma bayan cin abinci? A wannan yanayin, akwai bayanai da yawa, dalili na farko shine abin da ake kira ciwo na alfijir, lokacin da ake yin jijiyoyin jini.

Dalili na biyu shine maganin bacci a cikin dare, tabbas mai haƙuri yana shan isasshen ƙwayoyi a kan ciwon sukari kuma jikin yana yin iya ƙoƙarinsa don haɓaka matakan sukari.

Sakamakon haka, matakin glucose a cikin jini yana tashi, ƙananan sukari, mafi kyawun mutum yana jin shi, duk da haka, ƙananan matakin glycemia kuma bai kamata ya faɗi ba.

Yaya za a bincika abun cikin sukari?

Don gano alamun yau da kullun na sukari na jini ko a'a, dole ne ku ƙaddamar da kayan ilimin halitta don bincike. Alamu na wannan zai kasance alamu daban-daban waɗanda ke faruwa tare da ciwon sukari (itching, ƙishirwa, yawan urination). Koyaya, yana da amfani duba matakan sukari na jini koda ba tare da kasancewar matsalolin kiwon lafiya ba don kame kai.

Ka’idojin yin gwajin sun ce kuna buƙatar ɗaukar jini a cikin komai a ciki lokacin da mutum yake jin yunwa. Ana yin binciken ne a cikin dakin likita ko a gida tare da glucometer. M šaukin glucose na jini da agogo ga masu ciwon sukari suna da sauƙin sauƙin amfani, ba kwa buƙatar jira cikin layi don tantance sukari na jini, kawai kuna buƙatar ɗaura yatsan ku a gida kuma ku ɗauki digo ɗaya na jini. Ginin glucose yana nuna matakin glucose bayan wasu 'yan seconds.

Idan mit ɗin ya nuna cewa sukari mai azumi yana haɓaka, dole ne a haɗu da wani bincike a asibitin. Wannan zai ba ku damar gano ainihin ƙididdigar glucose, gano sukari na al'ada a cikin mutane ko a'a, ƙananan ɓarna ba a la'akari da cutar ba. Babban azumi mai azumi yana samar da cikakkiyar ganewar asali na jiki don ware ciwon sukari a cikin yara da manya.

Wani lokaci gwajin sukari guda daya a cikin manya ya isa, wannan dokar ta dace da alamun bayyanar cutar sankarau. Lokacin da babu alamun cutar, ana iya gano cutar idan:

• saukar da azumi azumi sukari;
• ba da gudummawar jini a kan kwanaki daban-daban.

A wannan yanayin, la'akari da bincike na farko akan sukari da safe a kan komai a ciki, kuma na biyu - daga jijiya.

Yana faruwa cewa marasa lafiya kafin bincike ya canza abincinsu sosai, wannan ba shi da daraja, tunda za a sami sakamako wanda ba za a dogara da shi ba. Hakanan haramun ne a ci mutuncin abinci. Sakamakon ma'aunai galibi yakan shafi wasu cututtukan da ke gudana, ciki, yanayin damuwa. Ba za ku iya ba da gudummawar jini ba idan mai haƙuri ya yi aiki a daren juyawa kafin daren, dole ne ya fara samun bacci mai kyau na dare.

Ana buƙatar auna sukari na jini a kan komai a ciki:

1. ana ƙaddara glucose na jini a cikin mutum mai lafiya aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowane watanni shida;
2. musamman idan mai haƙuri ya cika shekara 40 da haihuwa.

Matsakaicin ma'aunin sukari koyaushe ya dogara da nau'in ciwon sukari, tare da ciwon sukari mai dogaro da insulin, dole ne a yi nazarin kowane lokaci kafin a saka insulin. Lokacin da yanayin lafiya ya tsananta, mutum ya juya baya, yanayin rayuwarsa ya canza, ya zama dole don auna sukari akai-akai. A irin waɗannan halayen, alamun glycemic yawanci suna canzawa, mutane ba koyaushe suna lura da wannan ba.

A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, suna ɗaukar jini daga yatsa a kan komai a ciki, bayan sun ci abinci kuma kafin lokacin bacci. Ya kamata a tuna cewa a kan komai a ciki kuɗin ya zama ƙasa da bayan cin abinci. Kuna iya auna sukari ba tare da takardar izini daga likita ba, kamar yadda aka sani, dole ne a yi shi sau biyu a shekara.

An buƙata don zaɓar matakan glucose masu dacewa tare da sauƙi mai sauƙi don amfani da gida, na'urar dole ne ta cika buƙatu da yawa. Da farko dai, dole ne ya kasance mai sauri, daidaitacce, farashin ma'aunin gida na iya zama ƙasa da na'urar da aka shigo da shi, amma ba ƙasa da aiki ba. Mafi kyawun shine glucose na lantarki wanda ke nuna matakan fewan da suka gabata.

Yaya samfuran jini a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje

Amincin sakamakon zai iya dogaro da ingantacciyar dabara don tattara kayan nazarin halittu a cikin asibiti. Idan kayi watsi da ka'idodin tanki na tonon sililin, akwai damar aiwatar da kumburi a cikin jijiya da kamuwa da jikin mutum, irin wannan rikice-rikice mafi muni.

Don bincike, ana amfani da sirinji mai warwarewa, allura ko injin mara amfani, allurar ta zama dole don zubar jini kai tsaye zuwa bututun gwaji. Wannan hanyar sannu a hankali tana rasa shahara, saboda ba ta dace sosai a yi amfani da ita ba, akwai haɗarin haɗuwa da jini tare da hannun mataimakiyar dakin gwaje-gwaje da abubuwanda ke kewaye da ita.

Cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na zamani suna ci gaba da gabatar da sararin injin na huɗa samfuran jini, sun ƙunshi allura mai bakin ciki, adaftar, shambura tare da kayan maye da injin. A wannan hanyar samin jini, akwai karancin damar hulda da hannun kwararrun likitocin.

Kwararre a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin zai gaya maka game da ka'idoji don yin gwajin jini don sukari.