Menene metabolism?

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Kowace rana, kowane mutum yana yin ayyuka da yawa. Yana tunani da magana, motsi da daskarewa. Wadannan ayyuka ne na son rai. A lokaci guda, matakai da yawa suna faruwa a cikin kowane mutum. An tsara su ta hanyar kwakwalwa, tsarin juyayi, hormones.
Daga cikinsu metabolism (metabolism).

Menene metabolism?

Jikinmu koyaushe yana karɓar abinci mai gina jiki. Duk wani abu mai amfani da jikinmu yake buƙata yana samarwa. Dukkan abubuwan da ba dole ba an nuna su. Misali mai sauki mai sauki na metabolism shine numfashi.
Idan ka sha iska, iska zata shiga cikin huhun. Ya ƙunshi kayan mahimmanci - oxygen. Za a ɗauka da ƙarfi, wato, zai shiga cikin jininmu. Kuma a sa'an nan mu exhale. Kuma sannan iska tana fitowa daga cikin huhun, amma tuni mara amfani, gajiya.

Idan babu isashshen oxygen a cikin iska, jin daɗin rayuwarmu yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Idan da yawa - mutum zai zama kamar ya bugu. Idan ba mu da ikon yin numfashi, kowane ɗayanmu zai rayu, wataƙila ƙasa da minti ɗaya.

Me zai faru da abinci?

Misali mafi hadaddun misalin metabolism shine metabolism na abinci. Don gaske, zuwa cikakken zurfin, fahimtar asalinsa, kuna buƙatar samun ilimi da yawa a fannoni daban daban: sunadarai, magani, kimiyyar lissafi.
A cikin tsari mai sauƙi, metabolism yana kama da wannan:

  • abinci da ruwa suna shiga ciki;
  • kwakwalwa yana nuna alamar sarrafa abinci mai gina jiki;
  • kwayoyin halittu daban-daban suna shiga cikin jini, ana sanya sinadaran enzymes;
  • abinci mai gina jiki yana rushewa: abubuwa masu rikitarwa sun lalace cikin sauki;
  • duk abubuwa da mahadi da suke bukata don jikin ya narke cikin ruwa, shigar jini kuma dukkan gabobin ciki da tsare-tsarensu suna dauke da su;
  • duk abubuwan "karin" kayan abinci da suka gabata suna karewa ne cikin fitsari da kuma zazzagewa kuma an kebe su.
Mutum yana karɓar duk abin da yake bukata: abinci mai gina jiki, ƙarfi, ƙarfi, ikon rayuwa. Abin sha'awa, wasu matakai na rayuwa, da bambanci, ɗauki makamashi.

Don haka, alal misali, bayan cin abinci mai yawa da kuma cike da farin ciki, yawancinmu mun fahimci cewa ya zama da wahala yin tunani game da wani abu. Dalilin mai sauki ne: duk karfin jikin 'ya tafi' don yakar abinci. Idan ya kasance yana da yawa, to ana buƙatar ƙarfi sosai. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masana harkar abinci suka hana karfin guba. Tare da ingantaccen abinci mai dacewa, makamashin da aka kashe akan metabolism ana biyan diyya da sauri ta hanyar amfani da abubuwan abinci masu amfani.

Rushewar da samarda abinci mai gina jiki ya kunshi gabobin ciki da tsarin.

  • narkewa a ciki;
  • hanta;
  • kodan
  • pancreas;
  • urinary fili;
  • tsokoki.

Darajar metabolism

Metabolism ya daina aiki - rayuwarmu ta daina. An gano cewa metabolism na mutum kamar al'ada ne idan aka aiwatar da aiki, rarrabewa, daukewar abubuwa da kuma cire abubuwa gaba daya, ba tare da gazawa ba.

Amma jikin mutum wani lokacin yana aiki tare da kurakurai. Misali, wani ba zai iya shan madara ba. Me yasa? Domin ba a samar da wani enzyme wanda dole ne ya rushe furotin na madara. Wannan yana da wuya musamman ga jarirai. A cikin wasu maganganun marasa kyau, ɗaukar mai ko carbohydrates ba daidai ba yana aiki a cikin jiki.

Iri metabolism

Akwai tarin sunadarai masu yawa a cikin abincinmu. Waɗannan carbohydrates, fats da sunadarai da ƙari acid, bitamin da ƙari mai yawa. Abubuwan sunadarai na samfuran daban-daban sun bambanta kuma ba daidai ba.

Canjin Kariyar

Sunadaran na dauke da amino acid. Wannan kayan gini ne kuma ɗayan tushen tushen ƙarfin jikin mu. Amino acid daga abinci a cikin jiki ya canza zuwa sunadaran namu. Su bangare ne:

  • jini
  • kwayoyin halittar jini;
  • enzymes;
  • Kwayoyin rigakafi.

Saitin amino acid a cikin nau'ikan abinci ya sha bamban. Shi yasa masana harkar abinci suke magana akan furotin a tsirrai, madara ko dabbobi. Mafi kammala sune sunadaran nama, kifi, qwai da madara. Amino acid din da bai cika ba ya bambanta a cikin garkuwar masara da sauran hatsi. Abin da ya sa ake gane abincin da aka cakuda shi azaman zaɓi na abinci mafi nasara idan mutum ya ci abinci, kayan lambu da dabba.

Lipid (mai) metabolism

Me yasa jiki yake buƙatar kitse? Thatayan da yake ƙarƙashin ƙashinmu baya barin daskarewa. Yawancin mutane masu bakin ciki tare da kauri mai kauri na subcutaneous mai suna tilasta musu sutura musamman ma cikin sanyi. Tsarin mai da ke kewaye da kowane kodan yana kare waɗannan gabobin daga rauni.

Balagagge mai narkewa - duka nauyi na yau da kullun da cikakken kariya. Hakanan, kitsen abinci yana da wasu mahimman bitamin - alal misali, A, D, E.
Idan mutum bai ci abinci na dogon lokaci, jiki yana amfani da ajiyar kitsen. Kuma a sa'annan yayi ƙoƙari ya sake cika su. Abin da ya sa ba a ba da shawarar ƙi karin kumallo ba. A wannan yanayin, jiki ya fara amfani da ajiyar kitse, sannan ragowar rana yana buƙatar abinci kuma yana buƙatar abinci - don gyara don asarar. Idan haka ta faru koyaushe, mutum zai yi girma yana daɗaɗa rai - jikin “firgita” zai tara mai kitse mai yawa. A lokaci guda, kaurace wa abinci mai kitse ba zai taimaka ba. Yawancin kitse suna jikinmu daga carbohydrates. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masu siyarwar da ba za su iya cin gawar ba kawai, har ma buns sukan samu mai.

Carbohydrate metabolism

Waɗannan abubuwa kaɗan ne a cikin nama, amma sun isa cikin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, gurasa da hatsi. Labari ne game da carbohydrates. Wannan shine asalin tushen ƙarfin ɗan adam. Carbohydrates suma suna da hannu wajen kirkirar sabbin sel. Misalin ingantaccen carbohydrate shine sukari. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa ana ba da shawarar cokali ko yanki na wannan samfurin ga masu motsa jiki don hanzarta taimaka gajiya da tsoka.

A cikin rushewar carbohydrates na abinci, ana fitar da glucose. Ta hanyar jini, ƙwayoyin tsoka suna ɗaukar shi. Yana da mahimmanci cewa sukarin jini ya kasance mai jinkirin. Matsayinsa ya tashi daga 3.3 (a kan komai a ciki) zuwa 7.8 (bayan cin abinci) mmol / L (wannan ma'aunin abin ban mamaki yana karanta kamar milimol a kowace lita).

Rage matakan sukari na jini zai haifar da asarar ƙarfi har zuwa asarar hankali. Increaseara yawan ci gaba a matakin yana nufin rashin dacewa da ƙwayoyin carbohydrates, sabili da haka rikicewar metabolism. A wannan yanayin, ana fitar da adadin sukari mai yawa a cikin fitsari. Akwai ciwon suga.

Maganin ciwon sukari

Wannan cutar an san ta fiye da shekaru dubu 3,5 kuma tsoffin Masarawa sun bayyana shi. A ƙarni da yawa, alamunsa kawai aka san su - wannan ita ce sakin ɗumbin fitsari mai daɗin ɗanɗano. Af, tsoffin likitocin ba su da dakunan gwaje-gwaje kuma bayanan sun haifar da su. Me yasa ciwon sukari ya faru, abin da ke faruwa a cikin jiki, ya kasance abin asiri. Saboda wannan, magani ya zama mara amfani, saboda haka ana ɗaukar cutar mellitus mai yawan gaske mai mutuƙar ashara ce.

Daga baya, mutane sun gano asalin matsalar. Don rushe carbohydrates, ƙwayar mutum tana samar da insulin. A al'ada, samarwarsa yana faruwa koyaushe, amma yana ƙaruwa sosai bayan cin abinci. Kuma sannan matakin matakin suga na jini ya rage a cikin iyakance mai yarda.

Type 1 ciwon sukari ya kamu da karancin insulin a cikin jini. Kula da cutar yana da mahimman abubuwa guda biyu: waɗannan sune injections na insulin (sun koyi yadda ake samun shi kusan shekara ɗari da suka wuce) da iyakance adadin abincin da ke ɗauke da carbohydrates.
Me zai faru idan ba ku fara magani ba? Yawancin matakai ana yin su a cikin jiki, kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna da haɗari. Misali, jikin mutane da yawa da ake kira ketone jikin suna samarda hanta. Mutane masu lafiya suna da su, amma a cikin adadi kaɗan. Jikin Ketone yana tsoma baki tare da gudanawar glucose din a cikin jini. Sannan mai haƙuri na iya zuwa cikin rashin lafiya.

Yana faruwa nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Sannan ana samar da insulin mai haƙuri (wani lokacin har ma da wuce kima), amma "ba ya aiki." Tare da nau'i mai laushi na cutar, abinci na musamman wani lokaci isa. Ko yaya, ciwon sukari na 2 mai rikitarwa zai iya rushe aikin tsarin da dama da / ko gabobin mutum na ciki.

Cikakken metabolism - Wannan shine tushen lafiyar kowane ɗayanmu, kuma a kowane zamani. Babu haɗari cewa tushen cututtuka da yawa shine ainihin abincin da ba daidai ba. A lokaci guda, lura da ɗimbin cututtuka sun haɗa da rage cin abinci.

Ga kowane mutum, daidaitaccen metabolism shine lafiyar, rayuwa da tsawon rai.

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