Matsayin horon jijiyoyin jiki a jiki

Dukkanin sassan jikin mutum da na jikinsu suna da alaka, kuma aikinsu ya dogara ne da matakin sinadaran hormones.

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwa masu aiki suna cikin gauraye kuma suna shafar mahimman matakai masu yawa.

Saboda yawan isasshen kwayoyin halittar da jiki ya samar, ana yin aikin endocrine da aikin exocrine.

Kwayoyin Pancreatic da abubuwan da suke samarwa

Hankalin nan ya ƙunshi sassa biyu:

• exocrine ko exocrine;
• endocrin.

Babban hanyoyin aikin jiki:

• tsari na endocrine na jiki, wanda ke faruwa saboda haɗarin asirin da yawa;
• narkewa abinci saboda aikin enzymes.

Tsufa na jiki yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban canje-canje a cikin jiki, yana haifar da canji na kafaffen dangantaka tsakanin abubuwan da ke tattare da shi.

Bangaren exocrine ya hada da ƙananan lobules da aka kafa daga maganin pancreatic acini. Su ne manyan sassan sassan jikin mutum.

Tsarin acini ana wakilta ta kananan ƙananan bututu, gami da bangarori masu aiki waɗanda ke haifar da adadin enzymes masu yawa:

• trypsin;
• Chymotrypsin;
• lipase;
• amylase da sauransu.

An samar da sashin endocrine daga tsibirin pancreatic dake tsakanin acini. Suna na biyu shine tsibirin na Langerhans.

Kowane ɗayan waɗannan sel suna da alhakin samar da wasu abubuwa masu aiki:

1. Glucagon - Kwayoyin alpha suna samar da shi. Yana tasiri karuwa a cikin glycemia.
2. Insulin. Kwayoyin Beta suna da alhakin haɗarin wannan muhimmin hormone. Insulin yana taimakawa yawan amfani da glucose mai yawa kuma yana tsayar da matsayin al'ada a cikin jini.
3. Somatostatin. Kwayoyin D ne suka samar da shi. Ayyukanta sun hada da daidaiton aiki na bayanan waje da na ciki.
4. Peptide na hanji - An samar da shi ne saboda yawan ƙwayoyin D1.
5. Polycptic na Wutar Hanya. Samfurin sa an haɗa shi a cikin yanki na alhakin ƙwayoyin PP. Yana sarrafa tsarin sarrafawar bile kuma yana haɓaka musayar abubuwan furotin.
6. Gastrin da somatoliberinwannan bangare ne na wasu kwayoyin sel. Suna shafar ingancin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki, pepsin da hydrochloric acid.
7. Lipocaine. Irin wannan sirrin ana yin shi ta sel wadanda ke jikin gabobin.

Tsarin aikin motsa jiki da aiki

Abubuwan da jikin ke buƙata don samar da hormone na al'ada daidai yake da buƙatar oxygen da abinci mai gina jiki.

Babban aikinsu:

1. Sabuntawar sel da haɓaka.
2. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwa masu aiki suna shafar musayar da karɓar makamashi daga abincin da aka karɓa.
3. Daidaita matakin kazamin, glucose da sauran muhimman abubuwanda aka gano a jikin mutum.

Abubuwan da ke cikin hormone C-peptide sunadari ne na kwayar insulin, yayin aikin da yake shiga cikin tsarin jini, yana rabuwa da kwayar halitta. Dangane da tattarawar abu a cikin jini, ana gano nau'in ciwon sukari, kasancewar cutar neoplasms da cututtukan hanta.

Yawan wuce kima ko kuma, biyun kuma, rashin isasshen kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban. Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa ƙira irin waɗannan abubuwan abubuwan da ke rayuwa.

Glucagon

Wannan sirrin yana ɗaukar matsayi na biyu mafi mahimmanci a tsakanin kwayoyin halittar gland shine yake. Glucagon yana nufin polypeptides mai nauyin nauyi kaɗan. Ya ƙunshi amino acid 29.

Matakan Glucagon suna ƙaruwa saboda damuwa, ciwon sukari, cututtuka, lalacewar koda, da raguwa saboda ƙwayar fibrosis, cututtukan fata, ko kamawar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.

Tasirin wannan abu shine proglucagon, wanda aikinsa ya fara a ƙarƙashin rinjayar enzymes proteolytic.

Gawar da glucagon ta shafa:

• hanta;
• zuciya
• tsokoki;
• nama tsotse.

Ayyukan Glucagon:

1. Yana haifar da haɓaka daga rushewar glycogen a cikin sel wanda ke yin tsokoki na kasusuwa da hepatocytes.
2. Yana inganta haɓaka a cikin sukari mai.
3. Yana hana glycogen biosynthesis, ƙirƙirar ɗakunan ajiya don kwayoyin ATP da carbohydrates.
4. Yanke mai mai tsaka tsakin zama cikin kitse mai wanda zai iya aiki azaman makamashi, haka kuma ya canza zuwa wasu sassan jikin ketone. Irin wannan aikin yana da mahimmanci a cikin ciwon sukari, tunda rashiwar insulin kusan koyaushe yana da alaƙa da haɓakar taro na glucagon.

Abubuwan da aka lissafa na polypeptide suna ba da gudummawa ga saurin hauhawar ƙimar sukarin jini.

Insulin

Ana daukar wannan kwayar cutar a matsayin babban sinadari mai aiki wanda yake samarwa a cikin ƙarfe. Haɓakawa yana faruwa koyaushe, ba tare da la'akari da cin abinci ba. Cutar glucose yana shafan insulin biosynthesis. Kwayoyinta sun sami damar shiga cikin sel da yardar kaina, suna fuskantar ƙarin hadawan abu da iskar shaka kuma suna haifar da samar da ƙaramin adadin ATP.

Sakamakon wannan tsari, ana cajin ƙwayoyin da ion tabbatacce saboda ƙarfin da aka saki, don haka suka fara zubar da insulin.

Abubuwan da suka biyo baya suna ba da gudummawar samuwar hormone:

1. Increaseara yawan glucose na jini.
2. Amfani da abinci wanda ya ƙunshi ba kawai carbohydrates.
3. Sakamakon wasu sunadarai.
4. Amino acid.
5. Increasedarin abun ciki na alli, potassium, kazalika da haɓakar mai mai.

Rage adadin adadin kwayoyin yana faruwa akan asalin:

• wuce haddi somatostatin;
• kunnawa na alpha adrenergic masu karɓa.

Ayyuka:

• yana daidaita hanyoyin aiki;
• yana kunna glycolysis (gushewar glucose);
• siffofin carbohydrate reserves;
• yana hana haɓakar glucose;
• yana kunna haɓakar lipoproteins, acid mafi girma;
• yana hana ci gaban ketones, aiki kamar gubobi ga jiki;
• yana cikin aikin samar da sinadarin bioproduction;
• yana hana shigarwar kitse mai jini a cikin jini, ta haka zai rage hadarin atherosclerosis.

Bidiyo game da ayyukan insulin a cikin jiki:

Somatostatin

Abubuwa abubuwa ne na hormones na hypothalamic-pituitary system, kuma gwargwadon iyakokin tsarin su, sun kasance kwayoyin polypeptides.

Babban aikinsu:

1. Hibarfin hana ƙwayoyin cuta sakewa da kwayoyin halittar jini na hypothalamus, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin kwayar ta thyroropin. Wannan tsari yana inganta aikin ta thyroid da glandon haihuwa, yana ba da ma'anar metabolism.
2. Yana rage tasirin enzymes.
3. Yana yin jinkirin samar da samfuran ƙwayoyi da yawa, ciki har da insulin, glucagon, serotonin, gastrin da wasu.
4. Yana hana jini zagayawar sarari a cikin sararin baya.
5. Yana rage abun cikin glucagon.

Karshen polypeptide

Sirrin ya kunshi amino acid 36. Ana haifar da ɓoyewar hormone daga sel waɗanda ke wani wuri a cikin farji a cikin yankin kai, da kuma cikin yankuna na endocrine.

Ayyuka:

1. Slows exocrine aiki saboda raguwa a cikin taro na trypsin, kazalika da wasu enzymes waɗanda ke cikin duodenum.
2. Yana tasiri matakin da sifofin glycogen da aka samar a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta.
3. Yana jujjuya tsokoki na ƙwayar mahaifa.

Aruwar matakan hormone yana faruwa ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwa kamar:

• tsawaita azumi;
• abinci mai gina jiki
• aikin jiki;
• hypoglycemia;
• narkewa tsarin hormones.

Ragewar ya faru ne sakamakon gabatarwar glucose ko kuma daga tushen somatostatin.

Gastrin

Wannan abu ya shafi ba wai kawai ga mafitsara ba, har ma da ciki. A ƙarƙashin ikonsa duk abubuwanda ke aiki suna narkewa. Raguwa a cikin abin da ya haifar daga yanayin rashin ƙarfinta na lalata ƙwayar gastrointestinal.

Iri:

1. Babban gastrin - yana da amino acid 4 a lokacinsa.
2. Micro - ya ƙunshi 14 amino acid.
3. Smallaramin - 17 amino acid suna cikin tsarin sa.

Iri gwaje-gwaje na hormone

Don sanin matakin hormones, ana yin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban:

1. Binciko nau'i-nau'i. Ana yin gwajin jini ba kawai don gano abubuwa masu aiki waɗanda aka samar cikin gabobin ba, har ma don fayyace abubuwan da ke nuna alamun hormones na pituitary.
2. Gwajin motsa jiki, yana nuna gabatarwar abubuwan da ke haifar da kunna kyallen da abin ya shafa. Rashin haɓakar hormone yana nufin ci gaban lalacewar sashin kansa.
3. Gwaje-gwaje masu ban tausayi, wadanda suka hada da gabatarwar masu daukewar gland cikin jini. Ganowa a cikin aikin glandon gaba da asalin aikin da aka yi zai nuna canji a matakin hormone.
4. Biochemistry, wanda ke ba ka damar sanin matakan yawancin alamun, ciki har da alli, potassium, baƙin ƙarfe.
5. Gwajin jini don enzymes.

Baya ga gwaje-gwajen da ke sama, za a iya sanya ƙarin gwaje-gwaje ga mai haƙuri, ba ku damar yin ingantaccen ganewar asali (duban dan tayi, laparotomy da sauransu).