Maganin suga na al'ada

Glycemia ana kiranta glucose jini. Wannan shine yanayin ilimin halayyar dan adam wanda ke da alhakin kayyade mahimman matakai a jikin rayayyun halittu. Indicididdigar alamomin sukari na iya canzawa sama ko ƙasa, wanda kuma yana iya samun halayyar ɗan adam da yanayin halayyar mutum. Matsayi na glucose ya tashi bayan abinci ya shiga cikin jiki, tare da isasshen ƙirar insulin, kuma yana raguwa sakamakon catabolism, hauhawar jini, bayyanar damuwa da kuma ƙarfin motsa jiki.

Adadin glucose a cikin jini lokaci ne mai mahimmanci na ganewar asali, wanda ke ba ka damar bayyana canje-canje a cikin metabolism metabolism da kuma matakin amfani da makamashi ta sel da kyallen takarda na jiki. Ana la'akari da alamun daidaituwa da ilimin halitta a cikin labarin.

Glucose a cikin jinin mutum

Duk carbohydrates da suka shiga jiki baza su iya amfanuwa da su ba. An rushe su don ƙirƙirar monosaccharides ta amfani da enzymes na musamman. Yawan wannan dauki ya dogara da hadaddun abubuwan da ke ciki. Yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da ke jikin carbohydrate, a hankali yakan zama yadda abubuwa suke gushewa da shan gulukos daga hanji zuwa cikin jini.

Yana da mahimmanci ga jikin ɗan adam cewa yawan glucose a cikin jini yana kasancewa koyaushe a matakin al'ada, saboda wannan saccharide shine ke samar da makamashi ga dukkan ƙwayoyin da ƙwayaye. Da farko dai, ya zama dole don aikin kwakwalwa, zuciya, na'urar aiki.

Kula da ingantaccen matakan glycemic shine tabbacin lafiya

Me zai faru idan matakin glucose ya wuce ka'idodin da aka yarda dasu:

• hypoglycemia (alamomi a ƙasa da al'ada) yana haifar da matsananciyar yunwar, sakamakon abin da ƙwayoyin gabobin jiki masu mahimmanci na atrophy;
• hyperglycemia (matakin sukari sama da na al'ada) yana haifar da lalacewar jijiyoyin jini, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin lumen su da kuma ƙarin ilimin ƙwayar cuta na ƙwayar cuta zuwa haɓakar gangrene.

Alamar al'ada

An ƙaddara matakan sukari na jini ta hanyoyi da yawa. Kowannensu yana da nasa lambobi na yau da kullun.

Nazarin asibiti

Babban gwajin jini yana ba ku damar bayyana alamun ƙididdigar abubuwan da aka haɓaka, haemoglobin, tsarin coagulation, don bayyana gaban halayen rashin lafiyan ko hanyoyin kumburi. Wannan hanyar bincike ba ta nuna matakin sukari ba, amma tushe ne na wajibi ga sauran karatun da aka nuna a ƙasa.

Gwajin sukari

Binciken yana tantance nawa monosaccharide yake cikin jini mai ƙima. Sakamakon binciken daidai yake ga manya da mata, ga yara sun bambanta da shekaru. Don samun madaidaitan bayanai, dole ne ku watsar da abincin safe, ku goge haƙoranku, cingam. Yayin rana, kada ku sha barasa da magunguna (bayan tattaunawa tare da likitan ku). Ana ɗaukar jini daga yatsa. Sakamakon zai iya kasancewa a cikin raka'a masu zuwa: mmol / l, mg / 100 ml, mg / dl, mg /%. Tebur yana nuna yiwuwar amsoshin (a mmol / l).

Nazarin kwayoyin

Biochemistry hanya ce ta gano cuta ta duniya baki daya, saboda, ban da cutar ta glycemia, tana baku damar tantance lambobin manyan alamu. Don bincike, ana buƙatar jini daga jijiya.

Jinin kwayar halittar ruwa ce, canje-canje ga alamu waɗanda ke nuna wanzuwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin jikin mutum

Tsarin monosaccharide na yau da kullun a cikin nazarin ƙirar ƙwayar cuta ya bambanta da ƙididdigar yatsa da kimanin 10-12% (mmol / l):

• sama da shekaru 5 da haihuwa - 3.7-6.0;
• kan iyaka yayin da ya kai shekaru 5 da haihuwa - 6.0-6.9;
• Ciwon sukari mellitus - sama da 6.9;
• dabi'un ga jarirai shine 2.7-4.4;
• Matsakaicin lokacin daukar ciki da tsofaffi shine 4.6-6.8.

A cikin jini na venous, ba kawai alamun alamun sukari ba ne, amma har da matakin cholesterol, tun da dadewa an tabbatar da dangantakar waɗannan abubuwa.

Ana aiwatar da irin wannan binciken a waɗannan lamura:

• binciken likita na yawan jama'a;
• kiba
• Pathology na kayan aikin endocrin;
• kasancewar alamun hypo- ko hyperglycemia;
• tsayayyar kulawa da haƙuri;
• yayin daukar ciki don ware nau'in kwayar cutar "cuta mai zaki".

Ma'anar haƙuri

Gwajin gwajin cutar sankara

Haƙuri na glucose shine yanayin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum, wanda suke rage ƙwaƙwalwar su ga insulin sosai. Idan ba tare da wannan kwayar halittar motsa jiki ba, glucose baya iya shiga cikin tantanin halitta don bayar da makamashin da ake bukata. Dangane da haka, tare da haƙuri mai haƙuri, karuwa a yawan sukari a cikin jini yana faruwa.

Idan irin wannan ilimin ba ya halarta, ana iya ƙaddara shi ta amfani da gwajin “motsa jiki”, wanda zai baka damar fayyace aikin aikin monosaccharide na azumi bayan yawan ƙwayoyin carbohydrates.

An tsara yin binciken a cikin halaye masu zuwa:

• kasancewar alamun bayyanar “cuta mai daɗi” tare da lambobin al'ada na glucose a cikin jini;
• na lokaci-lokaci glucosuria (sukari a cikin fitsari);
• kara yawan fitsari a kowace rana;
• pathology na carbohydrate metabolism;
• kasancewar dangi da cutar sankarau;
• ciki da haihuwar yaro da tarihin macrosomia;
• tsaurarawar aikin na gani.

Ana ɗaukar jini daga mai haƙuri, ana narke foda a cikin gilashin ruwa ko shayi, kuma a wasu takaddama (bisa ga umarnin likita, amma a cikin ma'auni bayan 1, 2 hours) an sake shan jini. Mene ne iyakar halatta na yau da kullun, kazalika ana iya ganin adadi na kayan tarihin a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.

Sakamakon gwajin haƙuri glicose

Glycosylated haemoglobin

Ta amfani da wannan hanyar ganewar asali, zaku iya kimanta sukarin jininka sama da kwata na ƙarshe. Erythrocyte haemoglobin yana ɗaure da monosaccharides, yana haɓaka haemoglobin, don haka yana yiwuwa a sami ƙimar matsakaiciyar yanayin rayuwar sel jini, wanda shine kwana 120.

Ana auna alamomi a matsayin kashi (%) na jimlar haemoglobin a cikin jini. Figures da ke ƙasa da kashi 5.7% ana ɗaukar su al'ada ne; alamomi na har zuwa 6% suna nuna haɗarin haɗari na haɓaka cutar da buƙatar gyaran abinci. 6.1-6.5% - babban haɗarin cutar, sama da 6.5% - bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari yana cikin shakka. Kowace kashi ya dace da wasu ƙididdigar glucose, waɗanda matsakaita ne na bayanai.

Dacewa da alamun HbA1c alamomin glycemia

Fructosamine

Wannan bincike yana nuna ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar monosaccharide a cikin makonni 2-3 da suka gabata. Tsarin ya kamata ƙasa da 320 μmol / l. Binciken yana da mahimmanci a lokuta inda likitan halartar ya yanke shawarar canza dabarar magani, don sarrafa matakin diyya na ciwon sukari a cikin mata masu juna biyu, a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar hauka (glycated hemoglobin za a gurbata).

Lambobi sama da 370 μmol / L suna nuna kasancewar halaye:

• digiri na lalata cututtukan sukari;
• gazawar koda;
• hypothyroidism;
• babban matakan IgA.

Matsayi a ƙasa 270 μmol / L yana nuna masu zuwa:

• hypoproteinemia;
• mai ciwon sukari mai ciwon sukari;
• hawan jini;
• ci mai yawa na bitamin C.

Pathology na jini sukari

Hyperglycemia, ban da ciwon sukari, na iya haɗawa da matsanancin kumburi da amai da gudawa, cututtukan hanji, cutar hanta, tsawaita shan magungunan baki ta hanyar mata, da kuma amfani da cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa da na steroid (a cikin maza).

Halin hyperglycemia yana haɓaka ko da karatun karatun sukari a cikin komai mara nauyi ya fi mm 6.7 mmol / l. Lambobi da suka wuce 16 mmol / l suna nuna farkon farawar, fiye da 33 mmol / l - ketoacidotic coma, sama da 45 mmol / l - cope hymorosmolar. An dauki yanayin precoma da coma mai mahimmanci, suna buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa.

Hypoglycemia yana haɓaka tare da ƙimar sukari ƙasa da 2.8 mmol / L. Wannan adadi ne na matsakaita, amma iyakokin da aka yarda za su iya bambanta tsakanin 0.6 mmol / l a cikin daya shugabanci ko wata. Bugu da ƙari, nau'ikan nau'ikan maye (ethanol, arsenic, kwayoyi), hypothyroidism, matsananciyar motsa jiki, da kuma motsa jiki na jiki zasu iya zama sanadin ƙarancin glucose na jini.

Babban likita mai halartar babban "mai nazarin" alamomi na alamun glycemia da canje-canje a cikin jiki

A lokacin haila, hypoglycemia shima zai iya haɓaka. Yana da alaƙa da amfani da wani ɓangare na monosaccharide da jariri. Hyperglycemia a lokacin daukar ciki yana nuna ci gaban nau'in cutar sikari (irinsa a cikin pathogenesis zuwa nau'in insulin-mai zaman kansa kuma yana tare da raunin glucose mai rauni). Wannan halin yana tafiya da kansa ne bayan an haifi jaririn.

Manuniya na sukari na jini, da kuma ƙarin dabaru na gudanarwa na haƙuri, yakamata a kimanta su kuma kwararrun masana suka zaɓa su. Fassara mai zaman kanta na adadi na iya haifar da rashin fahimtar yanayin lafiyar mutum, da wuce gona da iri, da fara ba da magani idan ya cancanta.