Cutar sankara (mellitus) cuta ce mai alaƙar halayya da halayyar ƙwayar cuta, wanda yafi dacewa da tasirin glucose (sukari) da kuma lipids. Kalmar "ciwon sukari mellitus" ta haɗu da yawancin nau'ikan nosological waɗanda suke iri ɗaya a cikin alamun su, amma sun bambanta a cikin hanyoyin haɓaka tsarin cututtukan cuta da hanyoyin kawar da shi.
Ciwon sukari na 2 shine ɗayan mafi yawan nau'ikan. A cikin 80% na duk lokuta na asibiti, ana gano wannan cutar, kuma kusan 50% na marasa lafiya ba su da masaniya game da kasancewar cutar sakamakon tafarkin asymptomatic na cutar. Labarin ya bayyana dalla-dalla abubuwan da ke haifar da bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan cuta, alamu, ganewar asali da matakan warkewa.
Janar bayanai
A cewar kididdigar, har zuwa 5% na yawan kowace ƙasa suna da ciwon sukari, kuma tsakanin tsofaffi da waɗanda ke da nauyin jikin mutum, adadi ya karu zuwa 20-25%. Wannan shine ilimin cututtukan endocrine wanda ya mamaye ɗayan manyan wurare a cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasa da mutuwar marasa lafiya (yana gaba da cututtuka kawai na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin ƙwayar cuta).
Idan muna magana ne game da ciwon sukari, dalilan haɓakawarsa sun haɗa da dalilai masu zuwa:
- yawan cututtukan kwayoyin halittar da ke shiga cikin hanyoyin ci gaban wannan cuta yana karuwa;
- a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba, karuwa da yawan masu ciwon sukari yana faruwa ne sakamakon karuwa a rayuwar mutane na karuwa;
- ƙarancin abinci, mummunan halaye, nauyin jikin mutum - waɗannan abubuwan suna kara fitowa fili a rayuwar wakilan jama'a;
- aukuwa na atherosclerotic canje-canje a cikin tasoshin yana ƙaruwa.
Ganewar lokaci-lokaci yana ba ka damar gano cutar a farkon matakai kuma ka hana ci gaba
Ta yaya kuma me yasa cutar ta bunkasa?
Ciwon sukari na 2 (wanda ba shi da insulin-da ke fama da ciwon sukari mellitus, NIDDM) ana nuna shi ta manyan matakan sukari a cikin jinin mara lafiya, wanda hakan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa sel da tsoka na jikin mutum sun rasa hankalinsu ga insulin. Wannan sinadari wani sinadari ne mai narkewa wanda ke da alhakin jigilar glucose da shigar shi cikin sel. A waje da tushen canje-canje da yawa, masu karɓar sel waɗanda ke da sauƙi ba sa "ganin" hormone, kodayake matakinsa ya isa don kammala ayyukan.
Kashi
A wannan matakin, babu wata shakka cewa abubuwan gado na da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ci gaban ilimin halayyar cuta. Dangane da binciken asibiti, ƙaddarar ƙwayar halitta zuwa nau'in ciwon sukari 2 ba ta ƙasa da rawar da abu ɗaya ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na 1 (insulin-dependant).
Tabbatarwa - abin da ya faru na cutar a cikin 95% a lokaci guda a cikin duka tagwaye masu kama. Kodayake, ba a yi nazarin hanyoyin aiwatar da kwayoyin "lalacewa" ba. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu masu yiwuwa:
- Kwayoyin halitta guda biyu suna da hannu wajen haɓaka cutar, waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da juna. Na farko shine ke da alhakin keta hurumin kwayar ta hanji, na biyu - don rage haɓakar ƙwayoyin sel da kyallen takarda a ciki.
- Akwai cin zarafi kan aiwatar da "fitarwa" na kwayoyin sukari ta ƙwayoyin insulin-ƙwayoyin cuta.
Haɗi zuwa kiba
Matsakaicin girman kiba, mafi girman yiwuwar nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, kuma idan matakin farko na karuwar nauyin jikin mutum ya ninka hadarin, to, babban digirinsa shine sau 10-12.
An ba da madaidaicin wurin ga kitse na "ciki", wanda aka ajiye a kewayen gabobin. Kasancewar kasancewarsa yana da alaƙa da farkon cutar da sauran abubuwanda ke tayar da hankali (haɓaka ƙwayar jini, haɓakar hawan jini, raguwa a cikin yanayin jijiya ga insulin).
Kasancewar babban kitse na mai mai visceral yana daya daga cikin abubuwanda ke haifar da "cuta mai zaki"
Cutar rashin abinci mai gina jiki
Masana ilimin kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki yayin rayuwar cikin ciki da farkon shekaru 1-3 na iya rage jinkirin aiki. A duban farko, wannan baƙon abu bane, amma, an sani cewa an haifi yaro tare da cikakken tsarin ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, glomeruli na kodan kuma rabin adadin ƙwayoyin asirin insulin ne waɗanda suke a cikin jikin tsoho.
Ciwon Maraji
An yi imanin cewa mellitus-non-insulin-da ke fama da ciwon sukari na iya haɓaka saboda rashin daidaituwa tsakanin aikin gland da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar jikin ƙwayoyin sel. Yayin da kyallen takan fara amsa ƙasa da hormone, gland shine yake ƙoƙarin rama yanayin saboda yawan samar da insulin. Matukar dai ta sami damar yin hakan a matakin da yakamata, hankalinsa zai iya "fitar da hankali".
Da zaran nakasa ta sashi, wata cuta ta fara, wanda a tsawon lokaci zai iya zama nau'in cuta na 1.
Abubuwanda ke haifar da tashin hankali
Baya ga dalilai na sama, dalilai masu haɗari suna da hannu a cikin ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, wanda ke kara saurin kamuwa da cutar. Wadannan sun hada da:
Abincin da aka Ba da izini don Cutar Rana ta 2- rashin abinci mai kyau (yawan wuce gona da iri, cin abinci mai yawa);
- rashin cikakken isasshen iko a kan ma'aunin ruwa;
- salon rashin aiki;
- shan giya
- shan taba;
- amfani da magunguna da yawa (hormones na adrenal bawo, diuretics, antipsychotics);
- shekaru (sama da shekaru 45-50);
- tarihin ciwon sukari na ciki (wata hanyar da ta shafi mata masu juna biyu);
- kwayar polycystic;
- hawan jini da "mummunan" cholesterol;
- wasu cututtukan (Ciwon kansa na herenko-Cushing, ciwon huhun hanji, acromegaly).
A kan asalin pheochromocytoma (cutar adrenal gland tumo), nau'ikan "cututtukan zaki" na iya faruwa
Matakan da digiri na rashin lafiya
A nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na sukari, an zaɓi sarrafa mai haƙuri dangane da tsananin matsalar cutar:
- Mai sauƙi - adadi na sukari na jini bai wuce ƙarar mil 8.5 / l ba, babu glucose a cikin fitsari. Marasa lafiya na iya samun koke, tunda yawancinsu ba su ma san kasancewar cutar ba.
- Matsakaici - Manuniya na glycemia sama da 8.5 mmol / l, alamun suna cikin cikakkiyar juyawa. Nau'in ciwon siga na 2 na ciwon sukari wanda aka bayyana a cikin gaskiyar cewa marasa lafiya suna korafi game da sha'awar yawan shan ruwa, urin mai yawa, koka game da fatar fata, da raguwa a matakin hangen nesa.
- Mai tsananin - ya bayyana ta hanyar rikicewar rayuwa mai rauni. Yawancin masu ciwon sukari suna da rikice-rikice daga mai nazarin gani, kodan, da kwakwalwa. Babban haɗarin rikice rikice na coma.
Ya danganta da lambobin glycemia da nawa za'a iya kiyaye su a cikin tsarin karba-karba, sun bambanta:
- rama ciwon sukari;
- subcompensated ciwon sukari mellitus;
- fitarwa jihar.
A cikin farkon zane, abubuwan da ke faruwa suna haɓaka ta hanyar da alamun sukari ke kusan kusan al'ada. Ba su buƙatar tsoma bakin likita ba, ana iya gyara su tare da taimakon isasshen motsa jiki da maganin rage cin abinci.
Halin ƙaddamar da ƙwayar cuta yana buƙatar magani mai mahimmanci, kuma yanayin yanayin mai haƙuri yana buƙatar gyara. Wannan ya zama dole don hana ci gaban cutar da rigakafin rikice-rikice na yau da kullun da ke haifar da nakasa.
Decompensated ciwon sukari shine mafi yawancin bambance-bambancen cututtukan cututtuka. A matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan matakai ne masu ƙarewa, waɗanda ke tattare da bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata (lalacewar ido har zuwa makanta), nephropathy (gazawar ƙarancin koda), lalacewar sel kwakwalwa da jijiyoyin jini.
Kwayar cutar
Farkon cutar, sabanin nau'in cutar 1, a hankali yake. Cutar ta haɓaka tsawon lokaci, yawancin marasa lafiya suna koyo game da kasancewar ciwon sukari a liyafar ƙwararren likitan dabbobi, ophthalmologist, neuropathologist. Bayyanar cututtuka na iya faruwa bayan gwajin likita na gaba bisa ga sakamakon gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje.
Marasa lafiya suna koka game da yawan urination mai yawa, sha'awar cinye ruwa mai yawa, babban rauni da saurin gajiya. Marasa lafiya sun ce da sauri suna gajiya kuma suna jin rauni bayan wahalar jiki. A lokaci guda, ƙara yawan ci, cramps na dare, canji na ƙwarjin gani na mafi muni, rashes na faruwa akan fatar.
Ta hanyar alamu, zaku iya tunanin kasancewar cutar, amma an tabbatar da bayyanar cutar ta musamman ta hanyar nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje
Mahimmanci! Maza sun koka da raguwar sha'awar jima'i, zubar da wuri, ɓacewar sha'awar jima'i a daidai lokacin jima'i.
Nau'in cuta ta 2 wacce ta fara zuwa matakin farko na likita na iya kasancewa tare da wadannan abubuwan da za a iya bi:
- babban matakin sukari - 100% na lokuta;
- nauyin jikin mutum - 80%;
- babban matakan insulin a cikin jini kafin cin abinci - 78%;
- ƙara lambobin jini - 50%;
- karuwa a cikin "mummunan" cholesterol a cikin jini - 50%;
- cututtukan zuciya da na jijiyoyin jiki - 30%;
- lalacewar idanu da kuma juyayi tsarin jijiya - 15-20%;
- lalacewar koda - 5-7%.
Yaya ake gano cutar?
Akwai na asali da ƙarin karatuttukan da ke tabbatar da cutar. Manyan abubuwan sun hada da tsaftace alamomin sukari na jini (venous, capillary) kafin abinci da aan awanni bayan cin kayayyakin abinci a jiki, gwaji tare da nauyin sukari da ƙaddarawar lambobin haemoglobin.
Researcharin bincike:
- C peptide;
- matakin insulin na immunoreactive;
- ilimin halittar jini.
Alamu game da kwantar da marasa lafiya a asibiti:
- lalata kwayar cutar;
- lalacewar tasoshin ƙananan ƙarshen tare da ciwo da kasancewar canje-canje na trophic akan fata;
- lokacin haihuwar yaro;
- kai hare-hare masu maimaita yawa na rage karfin sukari a cikin kwanakin 30 da suka gabata;
- rikice rikice na cutar (retinal hemorrhage, gangrene na ƙananan ƙarshen, bugun zuciya, koma).
Idan ba a tabbatar da bayyanar cutar ba, amma akwai shakkar kasancewar sa, ana yin wani binciken gwaji. Don masu farawa, ana ƙididdige lambobin sukari mai azumi. Idan akwai lambobi a cikin 5.5-6.1 mmol / L a cikin jini daga yatsa ko 6.1-7 mmol / L daga jijiya, likita ya tsara abin gwaji tare da nauyin sukari.
Za'a iya siyan foda na glucose don bincike a kantin magani
Ba a aiwatar dashi a cikin lokacin cutar ko kuma idan mai haƙuri yana kan jiyya tare da homon, diuretics, beta-blockers. Gano ciwo kamar haka:
- kwanaki ukun da suka gabata adadin abinci na carbohydrate baya iyakance;
- da safe mara lafiya ba ya ci, zaku iya sha ruwa kawai;
- dauki jini daga jijiya ko yatsa;
- batun ya sha bayani mai dadi dangane da glucose foda;
- bayan sa'o'i 2, ana sake ɗaukar kayan tarihi a wannan hanyar.
Wani muhimmin bincike shine binciken glycosylated haemoglobin. Mutanen da ke da koshin lafiya suna da sakamako wanda ya kama daga 4 zuwa 6%. A cikin masu ciwon sukari, lambobin suna dogara ne akan girman matakin glycemia. An dauki ilimin Pathology sakamako sama da 6.5%.
Siffofin jiyya
Babban manufofin aikin likita:
- Samuwar ingantaccen iko a kan sigogin biochemical da kuma tafiyar matakai na rayuwa;
- rigakafin ci gaban cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki.
Hanyoyin magani na zamani sun haɗa da amfani da maganin rage cin abinci, motsa jiki, magani.
Karanta ƙarin game da ka'idodin magani don cututtukan type 2 na wannan labarin.
Gyara abinci mai gina jiki
Babban manufofin maganin abinci:
- rigakafin kara yawan sukari na jini bayan cin abinci;
- yi yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta;
- cire "mummunan" cholesterol daga jiki;
- rage hadarin bunkasa rikice-rikice na cutar;
- samar da jiki tare da dukkanin bitamin da ake bukata, ma'adanai, abubuwan gina jiki.
Qualifiedwararren masanin ilimin abinci ko endocrinologist yana taimakawa ƙididdigar darajar adadin kuzari na yau da kullun ga wani mai haƙuri. Mai haƙuri ya kamata ya ci sau da yawa, amma a cikin ƙananan rabo, ƙin sukari da sauran abinci na carbohydrate waɗanda ke da sauƙin lalata saccharides a cikin abun da ke ciki. Irin waɗannan abincin ya kamata a maye gurbinsu tare da fiber na abin da ke ci da fiber, wanda shima ya kasance cikin rukunin carbohydrates, amma sannu a hankali yana ƙara yawan sukarin jini.
Ya kamata a watsar da giya, musamman ruwan inabin. Lokacin tattara abinci guda ɗaya, yana da mahimmanci la'akari da matakin aikin jiki na masu ciwon sukari.
Babban canje-canje a cikin abincin:
- Rage yawan kitse a cikin abincin (mai, margarine, ice cream, nama da kifaye iri-iri).
- Rage cikin adadin lipids mai ɗorewa (naman alade, sausages, manna, samfuran kyafaffen).
- Haɗin samfuran furotin a cikin menu (kifi, naman maroƙi, turkey, kaza).
- Hadawar sinadarin fiber da fiber (kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi, shinkafa mai ruwan kasa).
- Rage cikin cholesterol ci (qwai ba fiye da guda biyu a mako, offal).
Abincin abinci mai gina jiki ya kamata ba kawai yana da amfani ba, har ma yana iya rage nauyin jikin mutum
Daga abubuwan sha an ba shi izinin cinye ruwan kwalba ba tare da iskar gas ba, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka matse, kore shayi. Ya kamata a tattauna yawan adadin da aka yarda da kefir, madara da koko tare da likitanka.
Tare da nau'in cuta na 2, amfani da wasu kayan yaji suna da amfani. Wasu daga cikinsu suna iya rage glycemia. Masana sun ba da shawarar ciki har da cikin abincin:
- turmeric;
- kirfa
- cloves;
- shayarwa.
Aiki na Jiki
Intensarfafawa, nau'in, tsawon lokacin motsa jiki wanda aka haɗa a cikin hadaddun, wanda ake kira aikin jiyya na jiki, ya dogara da yanayin yanayin masu ciwon sukari, ƙididdigar yawan ƙwayar cuta, shekaru da matakin aiki yau da kullun. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa wasanni kawai za a iya yi idan sukarin jini bai wuce 14 mmol / L ba. A mafi yawan lambobi, haɗarin ciwo mai wahala yana ƙaruwa sau 5 ko fiye.
Yana da mahimmanci kula da kai na yau da kullun game da matakan sukari, hauhawar jini, raunin zuciya. Isasshen aikin jiki yana da lafuzza masu zuwa jikin mai ciwon sukari:
- yana kara karfin jijiyoyin sel zuwa insulin;
- yana cire cholesterol "mara kyau";
- yana ƙaruwa da aikin fibrinolytic na jini, yana rage ɗanɗano;
- yana rage matakan insulin a cikin jini;
- rage kwantar da kwayoyin jijiya;
- yana haɓaka endorphins da testosterone;
- inganta hawan jini;
- tana tallafawa aikin ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya a matakin da ya dace.
An ba da shawarar marasa lafiya yin tafiya, hawan keke, iyo, amai, yoga.
Yin iyo yana da amfani ba kawai ga masu lafiya ba, har ma ga marasa lafiya
Magungunan magani
Ana amfani da magunguna ne kawai idan biyan diyya tare da tsarin abinci da aikin jiki ba zai yiwu ba. Adana allunan rage sukari ko maganin insulin - zaɓi na ƙwararren likitancin endocrinologist. Ya dogara da tsananin yanayin, alamomin glycemia, kasancewar rikitarwa, motsa haƙuri, shekaru da jinsi.
Magungunan ƙwayar sukari a cikin allunan:
- Inhibitors na Alpha glucosidase sune sababbin magunguna waɗanda ke rage jinkirin shan ƙwayoyin carbohydrates daga hanji a cikin jini. Wakilai - Acarbose, Miglitol.
- Shirye-shiryen Sulfonylurea (Chlorpropamide, Glipizide, Tolbutamide) - haɓaka aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin insulin, haɓaka aikin hormone, ƙara haɓaka jijiyoyin sel da kyallen takarda a ciki.
- Biguanides (Metformin, Fenformin) - haɓaka amfani da glucose a cikin mahaɗin, rage matakan gluconeogenesis, haɓaka aikin insulin, ƙara yawan masu karɓa a farfajiyar tantanin halitta.
Harkokin insulin
Ba wai kawai mellitus-insulin-da ke fama da ciwon sukari bane, amma kuma nau'in 2 na ilimin halittar na iya buƙatar allurar insulin a jikin mai haƙuri. An wajabta maganin insulin na dogon lokaci a cikin lokuta inda haƙuri yana da karuwar hankalin mutum zuwa biguanides da abubuwan da ake buƙata na sulfonylurea, a cikin rashin ingancin magani tare da allunan rage sukari, sannan kuma a kan asalin ci gaban cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na kullum.
Alamu na maganin insulin na wani lokaci:
- aiki tare da maganin sa barci na gaba ɗaya;
- lura da hormonal na adrenal bawo;
- cututtuka tare da hauhawar jini;
- bayyanannun alamun karancin insulin a jiki.
Harkokin insulin - gabatarwar wani bayani na insulin a cikin jikin mai haƙuri tare da manufar musanyawa
Magungunan magungunan gargajiya
Za'a iya inganta tasirin ko da mafi kyawun magunguna ta hanyar magungunan jama'a. Ba sune maganin zabi ba game da ciwon sukari, amma zasu iya taimakawa ci gaba da matakan glucose tsakanin iyakoki masu karɓa.
Yawan cin abinci 1. 100 g na samfurin ya kamata a tsabtace shi, a durƙushe shi. A sakamakon slurry an zuba tare da lita na jan giya bushe. An cakuda cakuda na tsawon makonni 2 a cikin wurin dumi. Yi amfani da 1 tbsp. l kafin kowane abinci.
Girke-girke mai lamba 2. Cire kwasfa albasa daga manyan albasa guda huɗu. Niƙa ka zuba 2 na ruwan sanyi. Bayan sa'o'i 24, dole ne a tace ruwan. Ana ɗaukar magani na sama rabin sa'a kafin cin abinci.
Yawan cin abinci 3. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka matse sosai ya kamata a bugu kafin kowane abinci na 3 tbsp. l Aikin likita shine wata daya.
Irin wannan hadaddun jiyya ta amfani da hanyoyin rage cin abinci, maganin motsa jiki, magani da hanyoyin kulawa da kai sun ba da damar cimma matsayin biyan diyya, hana ci gaba da rikitarwa, adanawa da tsawaita rayuwar marasa lafiya.
