Ciwon sukari mellitus (DM) matsala ce ta musamman wacce ke hana mutane da yawa na zamani rayuwa da yadda suke rayuwa. Duk manya da yara suna wahala daga hakan.
A lokaci guda, yawanci da adadin lokuta tare da kowane shekaru 10-15 kusan ninki biyu, kuma cutar kanta tana ƙarami.
Dangane da hasashen masana kimiyya, nan da shekarar 2030 kusan dukkan mazaunin duniyarmu 20 zasu iya fama da ciwon sukari daban-daban.
Janar rarrabuwa na cutar
Ciwon sukari mellitus wani nau'in cuta ne, bayyanar wanda ke tsokanar rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin endocrine.
An kwatanta jikin mai haƙuri ta hanyar hauhawar sukari jini da riƙewa koyaushe a matakin da ba za a yarda da shi ba ga mai lafiya.
Irin waɗannan canje-canjen suna haifar da rikice-rikice na gaba a cikin aiki na tasoshin jini, lalata jini a cikin jini da rauni ga wadatar ƙwayoyin sel tare da oxygen. A sakamakon haka, akwai gazawar wasu gabobin (idanu, huhu, ƙafar ƙananan hannu, ƙodan da sauran su), kuma haɓakar cututtukan haɗuwa suna faruwa.
Akwai dalilai da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin jiki da hauhawar jini. Intensarfafawa da halaye na hanyarsa zai dogara da yanayin asalin cutar.
Don haka, gwargwadon sigogi na halaye na gaba ɗaya wanda likitocin halartar suka yi amfani da su, za a iya rarrabawa masu ciwon sukari cikin yanayi bisa ka'idoji kamar haka:
- haske. Ana nuna wannan matakin ta hanyar matakan karancin suga. Idan kun dauki gwajin jini don sukari akan komai a ciki, mai nuna alama ba zai wuce 8 mmol / L ba. Tare da wannan nau'i na hanyar cutar, rage cin abinci zai isa ya kula da yanayin mai haƙuri a cikin yanayin gamsarwa;
- matsakaici mai ƙarfi. Matsayi na glycemia a wannan matakin ya haura zuwa 14 mmol / l, idan kun ɗauki gwajin jini na azumi. Haɓakar ketosis da ketoacidosis kuma yana yiwuwa. Normalize yanayin tare da ciwon sukari na matsakaici na iya zama saboda abinci, ɗaukar matakan sukari na jini, kazalika da gabatarwar insulin (ba fiye da 40 OD kowace rana);
- nauyi. Glycemia na azumi yana tsakanin 14 mmol / L. A lokacin rana, akwai sauƙaƙewa mai mahimmanci a cikin matakan sukari. Kawai aikin insulin na yau da kullun, sashi na 60 OD, yana taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin mai haƙuri.
WHO rarrabuwa
Har zuwa watan Oktoba 1999, aka yi amfani da tsarin cutar sikari wanda WHO ta karba a 1985 a magani. Koyaya, a cikin 1997, Kwamitin Kwararru na Diungiyar Maƙasudin Ciwon Saman na Amurka ya gabatar da wani zaɓi don rabuwa, wanda ya dogara da ilimin da sakamakon karatu a cikin etiology, pathogenesis da kuma maganganun ciwon sukari wanda masana kimiyya suka tara a wannan lokacin.
Ka'idar etiological ita ce a tsakiyar sabuwar rarrabuwa da cutar, don haka, irin wa] annan dabarun kamar su “insulin-dogara” da “marasa insulin-da-suga” ba a cire su. A cewar masana, abubuwan da aka ambata a sama sun ɓatar da likitocin kuma suna yin kutse cikin binciken cutar ta hanyar wasu cututtukan asibiti.
A wannan halin, an riƙe ma'anar nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na sukari da nau'in 2 na sukari mellitus. Manufar ciwon sukari mellitus, saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, an soke shi, saboda ba a tabbatar da shi ba cewa isasshen furotin na iya haifar da haɓaka sukari na jini.
Fibrocalculeous ciwon sukari, an yanke shawarar komawa zuwa yawan cututtukan da ke haifar da rikice-rikice a cikin aikin kayan aikin motsa jiki na exocrine. Hakanan a cikin keɓance daban daban ana ɗaukar matakan sukari kawai a kan komai a ciki. An yanke shawarar wannan yanayin a matsayin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin hanya ta yau da kullun yayin aikin glucose metabolism da kuma bayyanar masu ciwon sukari.
Insulin-dogara (type 1)
A da, ana kiran wannan nau'in karkatarwa da ƙuruciya, ƙuruciya ko ma'asumi. A nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, ana buƙatar ci gaba da gudanar da insulin don daidaita yanayin mai haƙuri, saboda jiki yana dakatar da samar da insulin a cikin adadin da ake buƙata don yanayin lafiya saboda damuwa a cikin ayyukan halitta.
Cutar cututtukan da ke nuna nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari sun haɗa da:
- matsanancin urination;
- kullum jin yunwa da ƙishirwa;
- asarar nauyi
- karancin gani.
Kwayar cutar da aka lissafa a sama na iya bayyana kwatsam. Ciwon sukari na 1 wanda yake haifar da matsala a cikin tsarin na rigakafi, yayin da jiki ke inganta ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga sel na farji. Rashin kamuwa da rigakafi yawanci yakan faru ne saboda kamuwa da cuta (hepatitis, chickenpox, rubella, mumps da sauran su da yawa).
Insulin 'yanci (nau'in 2)
Wannan shine ciwon sukari wanda ke faruwa a cikin manya. Dalilin ci gaban rikicewar cuta shine raguwa a cikin aiki mai amfani da insulin.
Yawancin lokaci Sanadin ciwon sukari shine kiba, ko kuma kawai yin kiba, rashin gatanci, ko damuwa.
Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 suna kama da na masu ciwon sukari na 1. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, ba a ambatar su haka ba. A saboda wannan dalili, cutar a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ana gano shi bayan shekaru da yawa, lokacin da mai haƙuri yana da rikitarwa masu rikitarwa na farko.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, an gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 kawai tsakanin manya. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yara ma suna fama da wannan nau'in cutar.
Rashin wadatar glucose
Dangane da tsohuwar rarrabuwa, ba wai kawai ciwon siga na yau da kullun ba ne, tare da ƙari ko symptomsasa da alamun bayyanar, amma kuma nau'in cutar ta latti.Tare da nau'in latent, matakin sukari na jini ya karu ba da ma'ana ba, kuma bayan hakan ba ya ragu na dogon lokaci.
Wannan yanayin ana kiransa mai fama da ƙarancin glucose. Yana, duk da zargin rashin lahani, ana iya canza shi zuwa nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 da kuma wasu cututtuka da yawa.
Idan an dauki matakai a cikin lokaci, za a iya hana kamuwa da cutar sankara 10-15 kafin ta faru. Idan ba a gudanar da magani ba, a wannan lokacin ne wani abin al'ajabi kamar su "rashin wadatar glucose" zai iya zuwa nau'in ciwon suga guda 2.
Ciwon ciki
Wannan wani nau'i ne na ciwon sukari wanda a cikin farko hyperglycemia ya fara bayyana ko ya zo da haske yayin daukar ciki.
Game da cutar cututtukan ciki, rikice-rikice na iya faruwa yayin gestation da haihuwa.
Hakanan, irin waɗannan mata suna da haɗarin haɓakar kamuwa da cututtukan type 2. Yawanci, alamun wannan nau'in ciwon sukari yana latent ko laushi.
A saboda wannan dalili, gano cutar ba ya faruwa ne bisa bayanan da aka samo yayin binciken mai haƙuri, amma a yayin gwajin cikin mahaifar.
Secondary ciwon sukari
Ciwon sukari na sakandare sakamako ne na hanyar ƙarin mummunan cututtuka ko canje-canje: ciwan huhun ciki, cututtukan cututtukan fata, rikicewar hormonal, canje-canje na ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran yanayi.
Siyarwa ta ƙarshe
Hakanan a cikin aikin likita, akwai irin wannan "ciwon sukari latent autoimmune".
Kwayar cutar an samo shi ne kawai a cikin manya, kuma alamomin ta suna tsakanin nau'in 2 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1.
A mafi yawan lokuta, masu haƙuri da waɗannan alamun cutar suna kamuwa da cutar sukari ta 2. Lessarancin da aka saba amfani dashi shine ma'anar nau'in ciwon sukari na 1.5.
Bidiyo masu alaƙa
Game da wane nau'in ciwon sukari ke cikin bidiyon:
Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai haɗari. Koyaya, ɗaukar matakan warkewa na lokaci-lokaci, rage cin abinci da ci gaba da aiwatar da hanyoyin kariya na iya tsawaita rayuwar mai haƙuri da inganta lafiyar sa sosai.
