Babban hanyoyin magance cutar siga

Za'a iya gudanar da bincike game da cutar sankarau ta hanyoyi biyu: ganowar dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma ɗaukar tarihi ta hanyar bincika tare da ƙwararren masani.

Siffar Mara haƙuri

Kafin mai haƙuri ya fara yin gwaje gwajen masu ciwon suga, yakamata a shigar da wadannan bayanan a katin sa:

1. Matsayin lalacewar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da kuma adadin ß sel da aka adana wanda zai iya haifar da insulin;
2. Yaya ingancin magani na yanzu (idan akwai), shine matakin insulin na halitta yana ƙaruwa;
3. Shin akwai wasu rikice-rikice na dogon lokaci, matakinsu na rikitarwa;
4. Yadda kodan ke aiki
5. Matsayin haɗarin ƙarin rikitarwa;
6. Hadarin bugun zuciya ko bugun jini.

Yaya za a gane ciwon sukari ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka?

Baya ga hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje, masu ciwon sukari na nau'in farko da na biyu sun kasance ainihin fahimta don ganewa ta hanyar alamun bayyanar. Idan an samo su, mai haƙuri yakamata ya ba da akalla jini don sukari don duba matakin. Da zarar an gano wata cuta, mafi inganci zai zama matakan tallafi na lafiya. Yanayin hoton alama na iya danganta da nau'in ciwon suga.

Nau'in 1

Kwayar cutar cututtuka takamaiman ce kuma galibi ana bayyana ta. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Mai haƙuri yana da ƙishin ruwa koyaushe kuma yana iya cinye har zuwa 5 lita na ruwa kowace rana;
• Warin da ke kama da acetone yakan fito ne daga bakin;
• Yunwar da ba a iya kashewa, yayin da ake cinye adadin kuzari sosai kuma mai haƙuri ya rasa nauyi;
• Da kyau warkar da cutar raunuka na fata;
• Sau da yawa kuna son yin amfani da bayan gida, yawan fitsari yau da kullun;
• Yawan raunuka na fata (gami da tafasa da naman gwari);
• Hoton da ke nuna alamun halitta yana tasowa kwatsam kuma kwatsam.

Nau'in 2

Hoton na alamura a cikin wannan halin shine mafi sirri. Sabili da haka, tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ba kwa buƙatar jira don alamun cutar ta lalace kuma nan da nan je gwaje-gwaje. Alamomin wannan nau'in ciwon sukari:

• Ido ya fadi;
• Mai haƙuri ya fara gajiya da sauri;
• Matukar ma;
• Nocturnal enuresis;
• Halittun da ba su da yawa a cikin ƙananan ƙarshen (ƙafafun ciwon sukari);
• Paresthesia;
• Jin zafi yayin motsi;
• M murkushe cikin marasa lafiya;
• Kwayar cutar alama-kamar;
• Cikakken alama: matsalolin zuciya suna bayyana sosai, har zuwa bugun zuciya ko bugun jini.

Binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje

Binciken da aka yi akan lokaci da kullun, yasa a sami damar saka idanu akan yanayin jikin mutum na dogon lokaci kuma idan akwai matsalar tabarbarewa a gano su a matakin farko. Don gano ciwon sukari ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar ƙaddamar da alamun masu zuwa:

• Nau'in halittar jini: HLA DR3, DR4 da DQ;
• Nau'in rigakafi: kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi daga decarboxylase na ƙwayoyin glutamic acid, sel a cikin tsibirin na Langerhans, insulin;
• Nau'in metabolism: glycohemoglobin A1, asarar samar da insulin mataki 1 bayan gwajin haƙuri da glucose ta hanyar shiga ciki.

Bari muyi la'akari da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙididdiga a cikin ɗan ƙaramin bayani dalla-dalla.

Jinin jini

Ana iya ba da gwajin glucose a kan komai a ciki kuma a ko'ina cikin rana (matakan sukari suna tsalle koyaushe bayan cin abinci). A cikin yanayin farko, ana ba da bincike a safiya lokacin da mai haƙuri ya ci abinci na ƙarshe aƙalla awanni 8 da suka gabata. Idan akwai nazarin jinin haila, mai nuna alama ya kamata ya kasance daga 3.5 zuwa 5.5 mmol / lita.

A cikin batun yayin da aka dauki jinin venous, ƙananan iyaka iri ɗaya ne, kuma mafi girman shine 6.1 mmol / lita.

Ana bayar da gudummawar jini bayan cin abinci (kamar awanni biyu) don nazarin yadda abincin yake ƙoshi kuma dukkanin abubuwan gina jiki suna karye. Yawan na iya bambanta ga kowane mara lafiya.

Ana yin waɗannan duka a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma a gida. Don yin komai a gida, kuna buƙatar na'urar ta musamman - glucometer. Ana sayar dashi a cikin magunguna.

Insulin da proinsulin

Ana samar da insulin a cikin ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic. A cikin jikin, ana buƙata don rage yawan sukari a cikin jini, rarraba shi cikin sel. Idan babu shi, glucose ya zauna a cikin jini, jinin zai fara yin kauri, ƙwan jini. Proinsulin shine tushen ginin insulin.

An auna ta don gano insulinomas. Matsayin wannan abu yana ƙaruwa tare da nau'ikan 1 da 2 na ciwon sukari.

C peptide

Wannan kwayar halittar insulin ce. Yana da tsawon rayuwar rabi fiye da insulin, saboda haka yafi sauƙin tantance kasancewar ciwon sukari. Rage cikin adadin C-peptide yana faruwa ne sakamakon karancin insulin kwayoyin halitta. Theara yawan maida hankali na insulinoma.

Glycated Hemoglobin

A cikin abubuwan da ke cikin gemoclobin, hawan glucose din ya yarda da sinadari a cikin ine-sarkar da kwayoyin haemoglobin. Yana da alaƙar kai tsaye da haɗuwa da sukari. Wannan alama ce ta gaba daya ta tabbatuwa game da kwanciyar hankali na metabolism metabolism a cikin watanni 2-3 da suka gabata kafin ɗaukar gwajin. Saurin samar da wannan nau'in haemoglobin ya dogara kai tsaye da tsananin girman cutar hauka. Matsayirsa an daidaita shi ne mako biyar bayan daidaitawar matakan sukari na jini.

Matsayi na glycated haemoglobin an ƙaddara shi lokacin da ya zama dole don sarrafa tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, kazalika da tabbatar da daidaituwar yanayin yanayin wannan sinadari. Istswararrun ƙwararru (a lokuta da ake zargi da cutar sankara) suna ba da shawarar yin bincike aƙalla sau 1 a cikin watanni 4. Tare da tsari na yau da kullun na al'ada na karɓar carbohydrate, mai nuna alama ya kasa da 5.7.

Wannan ɗayan ɗayan hanyoyin nuna kulawa ne ga marasa lafiya na kowane jinsi da shekaru. Ana ba da gudummawar jini don glycated haemoglobin ne kawai daga jijiya.

Fructosamine

Ana yin wannan nazarin kowane makonni 3 (saboda haka, za a nuna sakamakon na yanzu ne kawai na wannan lokacin). Ana yin bincike ne game da tsarin sukari da sukari a cikin matakan gano cutar da kuma lura da tasirin magani yayin warkarwa. Ana bincika jinsi mara nauyi a kan komai a ciki. A yadda aka saba, masu nuna alama yakamata su kasance kamar haka:

• Har zuwa shekaru 14 - daga 190 zuwa 270 μmol / lita;
• Bayan - daga 204 zuwa 287 μmol / lita.

A cikin masu ciwon sukari, wannan matakin zai iya kasancewa daga 320 zuwa 370 μmol / lita. Tare da babban matakin fructosamine, ana gano marasa lafiya sau da yawa game da gazawar renal da hypothyroidism, ciwon sukari nephropathy da hypoalbuminemia.

Cikakken ƙidaya jini

Binciken ƙididdigar alamomi na abubuwan jini daban-daban. Matsayin su da kasancewar wasu abubuwa marasa amfani yana nuna yanayin jikin gaba ɗaya yana nuna duk ayyukan da ake gudana a ciki.

A cikin masu ciwon sukari, irin wannan binciken ya ƙunshi matakai biyu: ɗaukar kwayar halitta a kan komai a ciki da shinge nan da nan bayan cin abinci.

Ana nazarin yanayin irin waɗannan alamun:

1. Karyawanine. An ƙaddara ragowar ƙwayar plasma da ƙwayoyin jini. Lokacin da hematocrit ya kasance mai girma - mai haƙuri mai yiwuwa yana da erythrocytosis, low - anemia da hyperhydration mai yiwuwa ne. Matsayin hematocrit ya faɗi a cikin mata masu juna biyu a cikin ƙarshen haihuwa.
2. Filatoci. Idan adadin su ya kasance karami, to jinin ba ya lullube da kyau, wannan na iya zama wata alama ta cututtukan da ke zuwa a hankali ko rikice rikice. Idan akwai platelet masu yawa, kumburi da cututtuka daban-daban suna faruwa (gami da tarin fuka).
3. Hemoglobin. Rage hawan jini yana nuna cin zarafin samuwar jini, kasancewar zubar jinni ko ciki. Matsayinsa a cikin masu ciwon sukari yana ƙaruwa tare da bushewa.
4. Kwayoyin farin jini. Levelara matakin - ci gaban kumburi, cutar sankarar bargo. Saukar da - mafi sau da yawa radiation cuta.

Rashin ƙwayar ciki da kuma duban dan tayi

Kasancewar ciwon sukari yana shafar yanayin kodan, don haka ana yin waɗannan karatun (fitsari ne a cikin koda). Tare da cikakken bincike game da fitsari, an bincika:

1. Launi na kayan tarihin halitta, kasancewar laka, mai nuna acidity da nuna gaskiya;
2. Abun kayan kemikal;
3. Graayyadaddun nauyi (don saka idanu kan aikin kodan da ikonsu na samar da fitsari);
4. Matsayin glucose, furotin da acetone.

A cikin wannan bincike, ana yin rikodin matakin microalbumin a cikin fitsari. Don wucewa gabaɗaya, kuna buƙatar fitsari, wanda aka saki a tsakiyar rana, ana tattara shi a cikin ganga mai bakararre. Abatun halitta ya dace da nazari kawai a cikin kwana guda bayan kama shi. A cikin lafiyayyen mutum, kawai za a iya gano alamun microalbumin a cikin fitsari; a cikin mara haƙuri, maida hankali ne mafi girma. Alamar da ba a yarda da ita ba daga 4 zuwa 300 MG.

Tare da duban dan tayi, ana kula da girman kodan, canji a cikin tsarin su, kasancewar wasu abubuwan kwance jiki. Yawancin lokaci suna fitowa a matakai 3-4 na ciwon sukari.

Kwayar halittar jini

Hakanan ana ɗaukar jini a cikin komai a ciki. Akwai ƙididdigar yawan alamomi masu yawa na irin waɗannan abubuwan:

• Suga;
• Kipase;
• Halittar phosphokinase;
• Alkaline phosphatase;
• Creatinine;
• Tafarnuwa;
• Bilirubin;
• Urea
• Amylase;
• Cholesterol;
• AST da ALT.

Gwajin Ombhalmologic

Tare da ciwon sukari, ƙwayar idanu, da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayar ido, ƙwayar ido da ƙura. Wannan ya faru ne saboda lalacewar tasoshin jini da haɓakar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya. Ganuwar jijiyoyin jiki sun zama mai rauni sosai, saboda wanda canje-canje tara, basussukan jini da jijiya na ciki suka bayyana.

Wutar

Saboda yawan sukari mai yawa, tsarin zuciya na daskarewa. Marasa lafiya masu ciwon sukari sau da yawa suna haifar da bugun jini da bugun zuciya, myocardiopathy, da cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya.

Dole ne a ɗauki irin wannan bincike aƙalla watanni shida. Idan mai haƙuri ya fi shekaru 40 da haihuwa - kowane kwata.

Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa wannan janar ne na gwaje-gwajen da aka gwada don ciwon sukari.

Kwararrun, dangane da takamaiman yanayin, ana iya nada su da ƙarin karatun. Idan kun gano cewa kuna da alamun alamun waje na nau'in 1 ko nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, kada ku ja kuma koma zuwa hanyoyin bincike na dakin gwaje-gwaje.