Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kira ciwon sukari matsala ce ta kowane zamani da duk kasashe. Cutar sankarau tana cikin matsayi na uku cikin abubuwanda ke jawo mutuwa bayan zuciya da cutar kansa.
Yawancin - kusan 90% na duk lokuta da aka gano, asusu na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na ciki, wanda ke da alaƙa da juriya na insulin (rashin hankali). Increasedara yawan matakan glucose a cikin jini yana faruwa ne saboda rashin ƙarfin insulin don haɗawa da masu karɓa da gudanar da glucose a cikin tantanin halitta.
Tun da ban da gado, abinci mai gina jiki yana taka rawa a cikin ci gaban nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 da sakamakonsa - kiba, ƙarancin motsa jiki, yawanci yakan faru ne akan asalin cutar atherosclerosis da hauhawar jini, yana da mahimmanci don kula da ciwon sukari na 2 ba kawai tare da kwayoyi masu sa maye ba don rage sukari. Amma wajibi ne don canza yanayin rayuwa gabaɗaya, wanda ci gaban ciwon sukari, da lafiya gabaɗaya, zai dogara.
Ta yaya za a iya sarrafa ciwon sukari na 2?
Don nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na sukari, ana gudanar da magani ta hanyar rage matakan sukari na jini, yayin da ya zama dole don kimanta ba alamun da ke nuna halin yanzu kamar kwanciyar hankali na tsawon lokaci. Don wannan, ana amfani da mai nuna alamun haemoglobin.
Ta rage shi da 1%, yana yiwuwa a rage haɗarin rikicewar cututtukan ciwon sukari a cikin nau'in nephropathy da retinopathy ta 35-38%. Kulawa da sukari na jini da hawan jini yana hana ci gaban cututtukan cerebrovascular, cututtukan zuciya, yana rage jinkirin bayyanar cututtukan jijiyoyin hannu a cikin hanyar ƙafafun sukari.
Abubuwan da ke kawo rikice-rikice game da kula da cututtukan cututtukan type 2 na mellitus sune ci gabanta a cikin mutanen da suka manyanta da tsufa tare da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki, raguwar tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki da rage yawan motsa jiki da zamantakewa.
Tunda ba shi yiwuwa a warkar da ciwon sukari, ana shirya tsarin kula da masu ciwon suga ga kowane mara lafiya. Yana taimakawa rayuwa cikakkiyar rayuwa, adana lafiya da kuma kiyaye haɗari masu haɗari.
Manyan hanyoyin magani na masu cutar siga na 2 sun hada da:
- Abincin far.
- Rage damuwa.
- Aiki na Jiki.
- Magungunan magani.
Magunguna na miyagun ƙwayoyi sun hada da magunguna masu rage ƙwaƙwalwar kwamfyuta na gargajiya na gargajiya, da sabon aji na maganin alaƙa, kazalika da maganin insulin lokacin da aka nuna shi.
Ana amfani da ka'idodin biyan diyya don ciwon sukari mellitus a matsayin ma'aunin jiyya; suna iya bambanta dan kadan dangane da shekaru da alaƙa da alaƙa. Amma don jagora, ko ana aiwatar da ingantaccen magani, ya zama dole a yi nazarin alamu na metabolism na metabolism don dacewa da waɗannan sigogi (duk lambobi a mmol / l):
- Azumin glycemia: jinin venous (binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje) kasa da 6, a cikin jini mai laushi (saka idanu kai tare da glucometer ko kuma gwajin gani) - kasa da 5.5.
- Glycemia bayan 2 hours (venous da capillary jini) - kasa da 7.5.
- Jimlar cholesterol kasa da 4.5
- Lipoproteins: ƙarancin ƙima - ƙasa da 2.5; babba - ga maza fiye da 1, kuma ga mata sama da 1.2.
- Triglycerides: kasa da 1.7.
Bugu da ƙari, likitan halartar na ƙididdige yawan adadin haemoglobin na glycated - bai kamata ya zama sama da 6.5% ba kuma hauhawar jini don ƙarancin haɗarin angiopathy bai wuce 130/80 mm Hg ba. Art.
Abincin da ake amfani da shi don maganin ciwon sukari na biyu
Tare da kiba mai yawa, da ake buƙata don rage cin abinci yana rage yawan adadin kuzari. Matsakaicin adadin kuzari kada ya wuce 1800 kcal. A cikin mako guda kana buƙatar rage nauyi by 500 g - 1 kilogram.
Idan wannan manuniya ya kasance ƙasa, to, an nuna cewa wata rana a mako sauyawa zuwa saukar da abinci mai gina jiki tare da kifi, madara ko kayan lambu tare da adadin kuzari har zuwa 1000 kcal. Ka'idojin abinci na yau da kullun sune kin amincewa da carbohydrates mai saurin narkewa, mai narkewa da ƙoshin dabba mai daɗi.
Abincin wajibi ne a cikin lokaci a cikin sa'o'i guda, abinci mai yawa, aƙalla sau 6 a rana a cikin ƙaramin rabo. Irin wannan mita yawan abincin yana ba da gudummawa ga daidaituwar nauyi da kiyaye daidaitaccen glucose ba tare da kwatsam ba, sabili da haka, tunda mai haƙuri ya gano game da ciwon sukari, ya kamata a lura da tsarin warkewar abinci sosai.
Don cin nasara cikin jiyya don ciwon sukari na 2, kuna buƙatar cire kayan gaba ɗaya daga cikin jerin:
- Kayan abinci: fararen burodi, kek, kayan abincin burodi, buff, kukis, waffles.
- Sugar, Sweets, jam, ice cream, soda, desserts, zuma.
- Rice groats, semolina da taliya
- Nama da Kitsen Abinci
- Faty, salted da kyafaffen kifi, abincin gwangwani a mai.
- Inabi, raisins, kwanakin, ayaba, ɓaure, ruwan 'ya'yan itace masana'antu.
Ana maye gurbin sukari da fructose, sorbitol, xylitol, aspartame, ko stevia. An shirya rage gishiri zuwa 3-5 g kowace rana. Ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa a cikin samfuran abinci na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi 1 -2 g. Tare da hawan jini ko tare da nephropathy, ba a ƙara abinci ba.
A cikin abincin don nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, dole ne ya zama dole a sami isasshen fiber na abin da ake ci daga kayan lambu mai sabo ko dafaffen abinci, jimlar fiber kada ta kasance ƙasa da g 40. Za a iya amfani da reshe a abinci don rage ƙididdigar glycemic.
Kayan lambu ya zama sabo ne sosai-dama a cikin salads tare da man kayan lambu. Boiled karas, beets da dankali mai iyaka.
Yawan adadin furotin na yau da kullum ya kamata ya zama 0.8 -1 g a kowace kilogram na nauyin haƙuri. tare da haɓakar ƙwayar cutar koda, an rage shi. An fi son furotin a samu daga kifi, kayan kiba mai-mai-yawa, nama mai ɗaci. Hanya mafi kyau don dafawa shine tafasa, soya shine mafi kyawun amfani.
A matsayin tushen bitamin, zaku iya amfani da kayan ado na rosehip, ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko ruwan' ya'yan itace daga cranberries, blueberries, blueberries, decoction na aronia, tarin bitamin. A cikin hunturu da bazara, ana nuna multivitamins.
Amfani da aiki na jiki a cikin ciwon sukari
Zane shawarwari akan tsarin aikin motsa jiki ana yin su ne yayin yin la'akari da shekaru, dacewa, janar yanayin haƙuri. Ana lissafin kasancewar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da cututtukan da ke hade.
Ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 2, ana bada shawarar motsa jiki tare da irin wannan motsi. Kafin azuzuwan, kazalika bayan su, wajibi ne don auna sukarin jini, hawan jini da bugun zuciya.
Idan sukari na jini ya fi 14 mmol / l, ba za ku iya yin motsa jiki ba, kamar a maimakon rage shi, za su iya ƙara yawan ƙwayar cuta da haɓaka ketoacidosis. Hakanan, baza ku iya magance glucose a cikin jini ƙasa da 5 mmol / L
Don haɓaka ayyukan yau da kullun, ana bada shawara:
- Kowace rana: don yin kiliya motar ko lokacin tafiya ta motocin jama'a tafi 300 zuwa 500 m zuwa wurin, kada kuyi amfani da mai hawa, tafiya kare, tafiya zuwa kantin sayar da nesa, kantin magani ko ofis don ɗaukar matakai da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu kowace rana.
- Sau biyu a mako, aiki a cikin lambu, yin shimfiɗa, yoga, golf ko baka.
- Sau uku a mako: yin yawo, tsere, yin iyo, tseren keke, rawa.
- Rage kallon talabijin, karantawa ko saƙa zuwa rabin sa'a, sannan kuyi aikin motsa jiki.
Ayyuka na jiki suna ba da gudummawa ga amfani da glucose, kuma wannan aikin yana ci gaba da yawa awanni bayan ƙarshen zaman, amma kuma rage abun ciki na triglycerides a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki, da kuma ƙara yawan lipoproteins mai yawa. Wadannan dalilai suna rage yiwuwar shigar da sinadarin cholesterol a cikin jiragen.
Ayyukan fibrinolytic na jini shima yana ƙaruwa, danko da gangar jikin faranti sun ragu, kuma matakin fibrinogen yana raguwa. Wannan shine ingantacciyar rigakafin thrombosis, ciwon zuciya da bugun jini.
Kyakkyawan sakamako akan ƙwayar zuciya yana cikin waɗannan ayyuka:
- Hawan jini ya ragu.
- A cikin myocardium, amfani da oxygen yana ƙaruwa.
- Jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini suna inganta.
- Fitowar Cardiac yana ƙaruwa.
- Yawan zuciya yana kwantar da hankali.
Baya ga shafar tsoka da tsarin jijiyoyin jiki, aikin jiki yana haifar da tasirin tashin hankali, rage matakin adrenaline, cortisol, da haɓaka sakin endorphins da testosterone.
Abu mafi mahimmanci ga marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari shine cewa yin amfani da ayyukan motsa jiki na jiki yana rage haɗarin lino-resistance da hyperinsulinemia.
Nau'in maganin ciwon sukari na 2
Yana yiwuwa a kula da lafiya tare da nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa masu sauƙi kuma a farkon matakan ta hanyar abinci da shan magungunan ganye. Bayani don rubuta magunguna shine matakin cutar haemoglobin ta kwatankwaci ko sama da 7%.
Magunguna na farko da za'a iya tsara shi don gano cutar sankarau shine metformin. Tasirinsa kan rage yawan sukari na jini baya datse ajiyar ƙwayar cuta, ana iya haƙurinsa sau da yawa kuma baya haifar da illa.
Wani muhimmin fa'ida shine kasancewarta da rashin tasiri akan nauyi. Sabili da haka, a cikin matakan farko na maganin ciwon sukari, shi, tare da asarar nauyi da kuma ƙara yawan aiki na jiki, yana taimakawa wajen daidaita matakan glucose a cikin sigogin manufa.
Irin wannan sakamako na metformin akan matakan glucose an bayyana shi ta hanyar irin waɗannan tasirin:
- Theara haɓakar ƙwayoyin hanta zuwa insulin, wanda ke rage samar da glucose.
- Glycogen kira yana ƙaruwa kuma rushewarta yana raguwa.
- A cikin adipose da ƙwayar tsoka, kusancin insulin masu karɓa yana ƙaruwa.
- Yin amfani da glucose a kyallen takarda yana ƙaruwa.
- Rage yawan glucose daga hanji yana raguwa, wanda ke rage fitarwarsa a cikin jini bayan cin abinci.
Don haka, metformin baya rage glucose, amma mafi yawan duka yana hana karuwa. Bugu da kari, yana rage triglycerides da cholesterol a cikin jini, yana rage hadarin cututtukan jini. Yana da ƙarancin rage kayan abinci.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da sakamako masu nasaba suna da alaƙa da raguwa cikin ɗaukar glucose a cikin hanji kuma zai iya faruwa ta hanyar zawo, ƙoshin lafiya, da tashin zuciya. Ana iya shawo kan wannan ta hanyar gudanar da ƙananan allurai na farko tare da ƙaruwa a hankali.
Da farko, ana tsara 500 MG sau 1 ko sau biyu a rana, kuma bayan kwanaki 5-7 zaka iya ƙaruwa idan ya cancanta zuwa 850-1000 MG, kana buƙatar sha Allunan bayan karin kumallo da kuma bayan abincin dare.
Shirye-shiryen Sulfonylurea suna ta da kwarin insulin. Suna aiki akan sel beta a cikin tsibiran Langerhans. Za a fara amfani da su da mafi ƙarancin magunguna, suna ƙaruwa sau ɗaya a cikin kowane kwanaki 5-7. Fa'idodin suna da arha da saurin aiwatarwa. A gefe mara kyau - rashin iya aiki a cikin hyperinsulinemia, nauyin jiki, yawan hypoglycemia. Wadannan kwayoyi sun hada da: Glibenclamide, Glimepiride, Gliclazide MV, Glycvidon.
Don yin rigakafi da magani na ciwon sukari na 2, ana amfani da maganin Acarbose (Glucobai). A karkashin aikinta, carbohydrates daga abinci ba su sha, amma an keɓe su tare da abinda ke ciki. Don haka, bayan cin abinci babu tsalle mai tsayi a cikin sukari. Magungunan da kanta ba ya shiga cikin jini.
Acarbose baya tasiri insulin insulin, sabili da haka, baya haifar da hypoglycemia. Ba a saukar da fitsarin ba. Yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na dogon lokaci yana da irin wannan tasiri akan metabolism metabolism:
- Rage insulin yana raguwa.
- Yana rage yawan cutar glycemia.
- Yana rage matakin cutar haemoglobin.
- Yana hana rikicewar ciwon sukari.
Shan acarbose na riga-kafin cutar kansa yana rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar da kashi 37%. Da farko, ana yin allurar 50 a maraice a abincin dare, ana kara kashi zuwa 100 MG sau 3 a rana. Nazarin marasa lafiya waɗanda suka yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki suna nuna yawan rikicewar hanji, ɓoye, jin zafi a cikin hanji da ƙonewar fata.
Sabuwar rukunin magunguna masu rage sukari
Glitazones - wani sabon rukuni na magungunan maganin antidiabetic suna aiki akan masu karɓa a cikin adipose da ƙwayar tsoka, suna kara hankalin su ga insulin. Wannan aikin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙara adadin kwayoyin halittar da suke haɗaka sunadarai don sarrafa glucose da mai mai.
A wannan yanayin, hanta, tsokoki da tso adi nama suna cinye yawan glucose daga jini, haka kuma triglycerides da kitse mai mai kyauta. Irin waɗannan magungunan sun hada da rosiglitazone (Avandia, Roglit) da pioglitazone (Pioglar, Amalvia, Diab-norm, Pioglit).
Wadannan kwayoyi suna contraindicated a cikin gazawar zuciya, tare da karuwa a cikin ayyukan hanta transminases, tare da lactation da ciki.
Ya kamata a ɗauki shirye-shiryen Glitazone a allurai na 4 da 8 MG (don roxiglitazone) da 30 MG kowace rana don pioglitazone. Wannan yana ba ku damar rage ƙwayar glycemia da matakin haemoglobin ta hanyar 0.6 - 0.7%.
Magungunan Repaglinide da Nateglinide suna aiki ta hanyar ƙara yawan sakin insulin, wanda ke ba ku damar sarrafa karuwar glucose bayan cin abinci. Suna kwaikwayon ƙwayoyin beta ta hanyar buɗe tashoshi mai kalma.
Abinda ya fi ban sha'awa game da lura da ciwon sukari na 2 shine sabon maganin kashewa - Baeta. An bayyana aikinsa ta hanyar kwayoyin homon da aka samar a cikin narkewa kamar abinci - incretins. A ƙarƙashin tasirin Baeta, ƙwayoyin waɗannan kwayoyin halittu suna ƙaruwa, wanda ke ba ka damar mayar da kashi na farko na ɓoye insulin, don dakatar da samar da glucagon da mai mai.
Byeta yana rage jinkirin narkewa daga ciki, ta haka ne rage yawan abincin. Tasirin sa bai dogara da tsananin ciwon suga ba. Maganin farko na 5 mcg sau biyu - awa daya kafin karin kumallo da kuma abincin dare. Bayan wata daya, zaku iya ƙaruwa zuwa 10 mcg.
Sakamakon sakamako - ƙananan tashin zuciya, alamun cututtukan narkewa, wanda yawanci yakan ɓace bayan makon farko na magani.
Tsarin dipeptidyl peptidase-IV-sitagliptin shine na karshe na shirye-shiryen riga-kafin. Wannan magani yana yin kamar Bayeta Amma akan wani enzyme, yana inganta haɓakar insulin a cikin martani ga yawan ƙwayoyin carbohydrates. A lokaci guda, ana lalata wata alama kamar ta glucagon secretion.
Ana tallata Sitagliptin a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Janouvia. Hakanan an haɗu dashi tare da metformin a cikin maganin Yanumet, wanda ke inganta jiyya na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, tun da irin wannan hadadden ƙwayar magunguna yana rage glucose jini da sauri.
Lokacin gudanar da nazarin asibiti, an samo sakamako masu zuwa daga amfani da Janavia:
- Ciki da m raguwa a cikin glycemia.
- Ragewa cikin tsallewar glucose bayan cin abinci.
- Reductionarin raguwa a cikin hawan jini.
- Yawan aiki, kyale amfani sau ɗaya a rana
- Rashin samun nauyi.
Type 2 ciwon sukari insulin far
Ofaya daga cikin kuskuren game da ciwon sukari na 2 shine cewa wannan nau'in ya fi sauƙi kuma baya buƙatar kulawa mai tsanani. Lokacin da mai haƙuri ya fahimci cewa "Ina da nau'in ciwon sukari na biyu," yana da ra'ayin cewa wannan cuta ce da ta shafi kulawa da allunan ba tare da insulin ba.
Matsayi na glycemia a lokacin ciwon sukari na dogon lokaci ba za a iya kiyaye shi tare da kwayoyin hana daukar ciki ba, saboda haka, idan abincin ba shi da inganci da matsakaiciyar magunguna masu rage sukari, wato idan haemoglobin glycated ya zarce kashi 7.5, yawan glucose mai azumi ya fi 8 mmol / l, ƙididdigar jiki ba ta wuce 25 kg / m2 insulin farjin magani ya nuna.
Ana amfani da jiyya na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 tare da insulin don ketoacidosis, ayyukan tiyata, haɓaka cututtukan cututtuka da rikitarwa na mellitus na ciwon sukari a cikin hanyar neuropathy da cututtukan jijiyoyin bugun zuciya. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai yi magana game da manyan alamu da magani na ciwon sukari.
