Menene magungunan insulin?

Nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce mai ƙwanƙwasawa na kayan aikin endocrin, wanda ke da alaƙa da lalacewar ƙwayoyin sel na tsibirin na Langerhans. Suna ɓoye insulin, suna rage matakin glucose a jiki.

Bayyanar cututtuka na samuwar ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa insulin ya tashi idan sama da kashi 80% na ƙwayoyin sun lalace. An gano ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta mafi yawancin lokuta a cikin ƙuruciya ko ƙuruciya. Babban fasalin shine kasancewar jikin ƙwararrun furotin na jini na plasma, wanda ke nuna aikin autoimmune.

Determinedarfin kumburin kumburin ƙaddara shine ƙayyadaddun abubuwa da haɗuwa da takamaiman abubuwan abubuwan gina jiki. Ba za su iya zama ba kawai hormone, amma kuma:

1. Kwayoyin tsibirin wani sashin ƙwayar cuta wanda ke da abubuwan waje da na ciki;
2. Magungunan buɗewa na biyu na sel islet;
3. Glutamate decarboxylase.

Dukkaninsu suna cikin tsarin G immunoglobulins wadanda suke cikin gungun furotin na jini. Kasancewa da yawa ana ƙaddara ta amfani da tsarin gwajin gwargwadon ELISA. Abubuwan farko na bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari mellitus an haɗe su tare da farkon matakin kunna canje-canje na autoimmune. A sakamakon haka, samar da rigakafin ƙwaro yana faruwa.

Yayinda sel masu rai ke raguwa, adadin abubuwan gina jiki suna raguwa sosai har gwajin jini ya daina nuna su.

Insulin Antibody Concept

Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar: abubuwan rigakafi ga insulin - menene? Wannan nau'in kwayar zarra ce ta glandar dan adam. Ana yin shi ne a kan samar da insulin ɗinku. Irin waɗannan sel suna ɗaya daga cikin takamaiman alamun alamun cututtukan cututtukan fata na nau'in 1. Nazarin su ya zama dole don gano nau'in ciwon sukari da ke dogaro da insulin.

Rashin ciwan glucose mai lalacewa yana faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar kai tsaye zuwa sel na musamman na glandon mafi girma na jikin mutum. Yana kaiwa zuwa kusan cikakkiyar bacewar kwayar halitta daga jiki.

Magungunan rigakafi zuwa insulin an tsara sune IAA. Ana gano su a cikin jijiyoyin jini tun kafin gabatarwar hormone asalin furotin. Wasu lokuta sukan fara kirkirar su shekaru 8 kafin bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari.

Bayyanar wani adadin ƙwayoyin rigakafi ya dogara kai tsaye ga shekarun haƙuri. A cikin 100% na lokuta, ana samun ƙwayoyin furotin idan alamun cututtukan sukari sun bayyana kafin shekaru 3-5 na rayuwar jariri. A cikin 20% na lokuta, ana samun waɗannan sel a cikin tsofaffi waɗanda ke fama da ciwon sukari na 1.

Binciken masana kimiyya daban-daban sun tabbatar da cewa cutar ta haɓaka ne a cikin shekara ɗaya da rabi - shekaru biyu cikin 40% na mutanen da ke da jinin anticellular. Sabili da haka, hanya ce farkon don gano rashi insulin, cuta na rayuwa na carbohydrates.

Ta yaya ake samar da ƙwayoyin cuta?

Insulin wani kwazo ne na musamman wanda ke samar da farji. Yana da alhakin rage yawan glucose a cikin yanayin nazarin halittu. Kwayar ta samar da kwayar halitta ta endocrine ta musamman wacce ake kira islets of Langerhans. Tare da bayyanar ciwon sukari na mellitus na nau'in farko, an canza insulin zuwa antigen.

A ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwa daban-daban, ana iya samar da ƙwayoyin cuta duka a kan insulin nasu, da kuma ɗayan da allura. Abubuwan haɗin furotin na musamman a cikin yanayin farko suna haifar da bayyanar halayen rashin lafiyan ƙwaƙwalwa. Lokacin da aka yi allura, ana inganta juriyar kwazo.

Bugu da ƙari ga ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa insulin, an samar da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari mellitus. Yawanci, a lokacin ganewar asali, zaku iya gano cewa:

• Kashi 70% na batutuwa suna da nau'ikan rigakafi iri uku;
• 10% na marasa lafiya - ma'ab ofcin nau'in nau'i ɗaya kawai;
• Kashi 2-4% na marasa lafiya basu da takamaiman sel a cikin jijiyoyin jini.

Duk da gaskiyar cewa kwayoyin sun fi bayyana sau da yawa a cikin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, akwai lokuta idan aka gano su a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Cutar farko na farko shine galibi ana gado. Yawancin marasa lafiya jigilar jigilar nau'ikan HLA-DR4 da HLA-DR3. Idan mai haƙuri yana da dangi na kusa da ciwon sukari na 1, to, haɗarin kamuwa da rashin lafiya yana ƙaruwa sau 15.

Alamu don binciken akan kwayoyin cuta

Ana ɗaukar jini na Venous don bincike. Binciken nata ya ba da izinin farkon bayyanar cutar sankarau. Binciken ya dace:

1. Domin yin banbancin ganewar asali;
2. Gano alamun kamuwa da cutar kansa;
3. Ma'anar tsinkaye da tantance hadarin;
4. Umparfafa buƙatar buƙatar maganin insulin.

An gudanar da binciken ne don yara da manya waɗanda ke da dangi na kusa da waɗannan cututtukan. Hakanan yana da dacewa yayin nazarin batutuwa da ke fama da matsalar rashin ƙarfi a cikin jiki ko ƙarancin haɓakar glucose.

Siffofin nazarin

Ana tattara jinin fitsari a cikin bututun gwajin komai tare da gel na rabuwa. An narkar da wurin allurar tare da ƙwallan auduga don dakatar da zubar jini. Ba a buƙatar shiri mai rikitarwa don irin wannan binciken ba, amma, kamar sauran gwaje-gwaje, ya fi kyau don ba da gudummawar jini da safe.

Akwai da yawa shawarwari:

1. Daga abinci na ƙarshe zuwa isar da kayan tarihin, aƙalla 8 hours ya kamata ya wuce;
2. Ya kamata a cire abubuwan da ke amfani da barasa, kayan yaji da soyayyen abinci daga kusan abincin rana;
3. Likita na iya ba da shawarar daina motsa jiki;
4. Kada shan taba sa'a daya kafin ɗaukar nazarin halittun.
5. Ba a son shi ya ɗauki kayan halittar jiki yayin shan magani da kuma bin hanyoyin motsa jiki.

Idan ana buƙatar bincike don sarrafa alamun a cikin kuzari, to kowane lokaci yakamata a aiwatar dashi a cikin yanayin guda.

Ga yawancin marasa lafiya, yana da mahimmanci: shin yakamata a sami ƙwayoyin insulin kwata-kwata. Matsakaici shine matakin lokacin da adadinsu ya kasance daga raka'a 0 zuwa 10 / ml. Idan akwai ƙarin ƙwayoyin halitta, to zamu iya ɗauka ba wai kawai ƙirƙirar nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ba kawai, har ma:

• Cututtukan da ke tattare da lalacewar asali a cikin glandon endocrine;
• Autoimmune insulin syndrome;
• Allergy zuwa allurar allura.

Sakamakon mara kyau shine mafi yawan lokuta shaida na al'ada. Idan akwai alamun bayyanar cututtuka na cutar sankara, to sai a tura mai haƙuri don bincike don gano cutar cuta, wanda ke tattare da cututtukan mahaifa.

Siffofin sakamakon gwajin jini don maganin rigakafi

Tare da adadin ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa insulin, zamu iya ɗaukar kasancewar wasu cututtukan autoimmune: lupus erythematosus, cututtukan tsarin endocrine. Sabili da haka, kafin yin bincike da kuma ba da maganin cutar, likita ya tattara duk bayanan game da cututtuka da gado, kuma yana ɗaukar sauran matakan bincike.

Cutar cututtukan da za su iya haifar da tuhuma da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 sun hada da:

1. Jin ƙishirwa.
2. Increaseara yawan adadin fitsari;
3. Rage nauyi
4. Appara yawan ci;
5. Rage ƙarancin gani da sauransu.

Likitocin sun ce kashi 8 cikin 100 na ƙoshin lafiya suna da ƙwayoyin cuta. Sakamakon mummunan ba alama ce ta rashin cutar ba.

Ba a bada shawarar yin amfani da allurar rigakafin insulin a matsayin nunawa ba ga masu ciwon sukari na 1. Amma jarrabawar tana da amfani ga yara masu nauyin gado. A cikin marasa lafiya da kyakkyawan sakamako na gwaji kuma a cikin rashin rashin lafiya, dangi na kusa suna da wannan haɗari kamar sauran batutuwa a cikin yawan jama'a guda.

Abubuwanda ke Tasiri Sakamakon

Yawancin ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga insulin shine mafi yawan lokuta ana samun su a cikin manya.

A cikin watanni 6 na farko bayan farawa da cutar, yawan ƙwayoyin rigakafi na iya raguwa zuwa irin waɗannan matakan har ya zama da wuya a tantance adadin su.

Binciken baya bada damar rarrabewa, ana samar da kwayoyi masu gina jiki zuwa kwayoyin su ko kayan aikin su (ana sarrafa su ta hanyar allura). Saboda ƙayyadaddun gwajin, likitan ya tsara ƙarin hanyoyin bincike don tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar.

Lokacin yin bincike, ana yin la’akari da abubuwa masu zuwa:

1. Cutar endocrine ana haifar da ita ne ta hanyar motsa jiki daga kwayar kullen ku.
2. Ayyukan aiwatarwa yana gudana kai tsaye ne kan haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda aka samar.
3. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa sunadaran na ƙarshe suka fara haifar da daɗewa kafin bayyanar hoton asibiti, akwai abubuwan da ake buƙata don farkon bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari.
4. Anyi la'akari da cewa a cikin manya da yara, sel daban-daban suna haifar da tushen cutar.
5. Magungunan rigakafi zuwa ga kwayar halitta suna da ƙimar bincike yayin aiki tare da marasa lafiya na ƙarami da na tsakiya.

Kulawa da marasa lafiya da nau'in 1 mellitus na sukari tare da rigakafi zuwa insulin

Matakan rigakafi zuwa insulin a cikin jini muhimmiyar ganewar asali ce. Yana ba likita damar gyara jiyya, dakatar da haɓakawa ga abu wanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita matakan glucose na jini zuwa matakan al'ada. Resistance yana bayyana tare da gabatar da shirye-shiryen tsarkakakken tsarkakakku, wanda a ciki akwai ƙari proinsulin, glucagon da sauran abubuwan haɗin.

Idan ya cancanta, an tsara hanyoyin da aka tsarkake sosai (galibi alade). Ba sa haifar da kirkirar ƙwayoyin rigakafi.
Wasu lokuta ana gano kwayoyin cuta a cikin jinin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke bi da su tare da magungunan hypoglycemic.