Wace kungiya ce take samarda insulin? Tsarin da tasiri akan jiki

Tare da taimakon insulin, daya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan mu yana gudana - tsari. Wannan abun yana metabolizes glucose fiye da yawan yawa na 100 mg / dts.

An lalata sukari da canzawa zuwa kwayoyin glycogen, wanda, bayan duk hanyoyin canzawa, ana aika su zuwa tsoka, hanta da ƙashin mai. Kuma a ina ake samar da wannan muhimmin abu ga yan Adam? Mene ne aikin insulin kira?

Ina samarda insulin

Ana samar da insulin a cikin ɗayan gabobin tsarin endocrine - pancreas. Ana ɗauka cewa shine mafi girma na biyu a cikin jiki (na farko shine narkewa, wanda ke cikin rami na ciki a bayan ciki). Wannan jikin ya ƙunshi sassa uku:

• Shugaban;
• Jiki;
• Wutsiya.

Shugaban pancreas yana da kauri ,an kadan, an samo shi zuwa dama daga cikin midline kuma jikin duodenum yana rufe shi. Jikin, wanda kuma ake kira babban sashi, yana da nau'i mai kama da nau'in trimral. Jikin gland a hankali ya wuce zuwa cikin dakin wutsiya.

Tasirin exocrin shine sakin protease, amylase da lipase ta hanyar katsewa da yawa kai tsaye a cikin ƙwayar jijiya. Abubuwan da ke cikin aikin exocrin sun ƙunshi babban ɓangare na cututtukan farji.

Bangaren inda insulin yake asusu shine ainihin kashi 5% na yankin. A wane bangare aikinshi yake? Wannan shine mafi ban sha'awa: lusungiyoyin sel suna warwatse kewaye da ginin. A kimiyyance, ana kiransu tsibirin pancreatic ko kuma tsibiri na Langerhans. Masanin kimiyyar Jamus ne ya gano su a cikin karni na 19, masanin kimiyya daga USSR Leonid Sobolev ya tabbatar da labarin.

Akwai miliyoyin irin waɗannan tsibiri, duk an tarwatsa su da baƙin ƙarfe. Babban taro na waɗannan irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi shine kawai 2 grams. Kowane ɗayansu ya ƙunshi nau'ikan sel: A, B, D, PP. Kowane ɗayan nau'ikan suna samar da abubuwa na hormonal waɗanda ke sarrafa hanya na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa na dukkan abubuwan gina jiki suna shiga jiki.

Kwayoyin Pancreatic B

A cikin su ne insulin yake aiki. Yawancin injiniyoyin kwayoyin halitta, masana kimiyyar halitta da kuma masana kimiyyar halittu suna jayayya game da asalin kwayar halitta. Amma babu wani daga cikin ƙungiyar kimiyya da ta sani har zuwa ƙarshen yadda ƙwayoyin B-sel ke samar da insulin. Idan masana kimiyya zasu iya fahimtar dukkanin hanyoyin da keɓaɓɓiyar kayan aiki da kanta, mutane za su iya yin tasiri a kan waɗannan hanyoyin kuma su shawo kan cututtuka irin su jure insulin da ire-iren cututtukan cututtukan sukari.

A cikin waɗannan nau'ikan sel, ana samar da nau'ikan homon guda biyu. Na farko shine mafi tsufa, mahimmancinsa ga jiki shine cewa a ƙarƙashin aikinsa irin wannan abu kamar yadda ake samar da proinsulin.

Masana sun yi imani da cewa shi ne magabacin insulin wanda ya saba.

Hormone na biyu ya ci gaba da canje-canje na juyin halitta kuma ya zama analog mai ci gaba na nau'in hormone na farko, wannan shine insulin. Masana ilimin kimiyya suna ba da shawarar cewa an samar da shi ne ta hanyar wannan tsarin:

1. Wani sinadarin insulin ana cakuda shi cikin sel B sakamakon gyarawar bayan-fassara. Daga can, yana shiga cikin abubuwan haɗin ginin Golgi. A cikin wannan kwayoyin, insulin yana da saukin kamuwa da ƙarin jiyya.
2. Kamar yadda aka sani, haduwa da tara adadin mahadi suna faruwa ne a tsarin ginin gidan Golgi. C-peptide an manne shi a can ƙarƙashin rinjayar nau'ikan enzymes.
3. Bayan duk waɗannan matakan, an samar da insulin mai ƙarfi.
4. Abu na gaba shine ɗaukar horarwar ƙwayar sunadarai a cikin manyan bayanan asiri. A cikinsu, kayan sun tara kuma an adana shi.
5. Lokacin da yawan sukari ya tashi sama da matakan da aka yarda, insulin ya fara sakin jiki yana aiki.

Tsarin samarda insulin ya dogara da tsarin glucose-sensor system of B-sel, yana samarda daidaituwa tsakanin maida hankali na glucose a cikin jini da kwayar insulin. Idan mutum ya ci abinci a cikin adadin carbohydrates, dole ne a fitar da insulin mai yawa, wanda dole ne yayi aiki da sauri. A hankali, ikon samar da insulin a cikin tsibiran pancreatic ya raunana. Sabili da haka, lokacin da ƙwayar ƙwayar cutar ta ragewa a cikin layi daya, matakin sukari na jini shima yana ƙaruwa. A bayyane yake cewa mutanen da suka girmi 40 sun fi fuskantar karancin samar da insulin.

Tasiri kan tafiyar matakai na rayuwa

Ta yaya keɓaɓɓen ƙwayoyin ƙwayar sukari tare da insulin? Ana aiwatar da wannan tsari a matakai da yawa:

• Starfafa sufuri na sukari ta hanyar membranes - ana kunna garkuwar mai, wanda ke kama ƙarin glucose kuma yana jigilar shi;
• Carbohydarin carbohydrates suna shiga cikin tantanin halitta;
• Canza sukari zuwa kwayoyin glycogen;
• Canza wadannan kwayoyin zuwa wasu kyallen takarda.

Ga mutane da kwayoyin dabbobi, irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin glycogen sune tushen tushen makamashi. Yawanci, a cikin lafiyar jiki, ana cin glycogen ne kawai bayan da sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashi suka yanke.

A cikin tsibiri guda iri ɗaya, ana samar da cikakken insulin antagonist, glucagon. A ƙarƙashin tasirinsa, ƙwayoyin glycogen sun lalace, waɗanda suke canzawa zuwa glucose. Baya ga irin wannan tasirin, insulin yana da tasirin anabolic da anti-catabolic akan jiki.

Idan mutum ya kunna tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, dayan yayi jinkirin yin karatun su. Saboda haka, homeostasis a cikin jiki yana kiyaye.

Waɗanne cututtukan ne ke haifar da illa ga samar da insulin?

Kwayoyin B suna da sakamako na rama kuma kusan koyaushe suna samar da insulin fiye da buƙatun jiki. Amma duk da wannan adadin da ya wuce kima yana karuwa ta jiki idan mutum yaci abinci masu sanya maye da abinci. Akwai wasu cututtuka masu alaƙa da rashin daidaituwa na insulin. Kashi na farko na cututtukan ya hada da cututtukan saboda karuwar samar da wani abu:

• Insulinoma. Wannan shi ne sunan ƙwayar cuta mara nauyi wacce ta ƙunshi sel sel. Irin wannan cutar yana tare da alamu guda ɗaya kamar yanayin hypoglycemic.
• Insulin rawar jiki. Wannan kalma ne na rikitattun alamun da ke bayyana tare da yawan wucewar insulin. Af, an yi amfani da makullin insulin a cikin ilimin hauka don magance cutar schizophrenia.
• Cutar Somoji cuta ce wacce take fama da cutar insulin.

Kashi na biyu ya hada da wadancan abubuwan rashin ruwa da suka haifar da karancin insulin ko kuma karancin narkewar abinci. Da farko dai, nau'in ciwon sukari ne na 1. Wannan cuta ce ta endocrine wacce ke da alaƙa da ƙwayar sukari mai illa. Cutar koda tana rufe isasshen insulin. A kan tushen hanawa na metabolism metabolism, yanayin janar na marasa lafiya ya tsananta. Wannan ilimin likita yana da haɗari a cikin hakan yana ƙara haɗarin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya.

Hakanan, mutum na iya samun ciwon sukari na 2. Wannan cuta ta ɗan bambanta da ƙayyadaddun hanya. A farkon matakan wannan cutar, ƙwayar hanji tana samar da isasshen insulin. A wannan yanayin, jiki saboda wasu dalilai sai ya zama mai tsayayya da insulin, wato, rashin nutsuwa ga aikin wannan kwayoyin. Lokacin da cutar ta ci gaba, ƙwayar insulin a cikin gland yana fara zama mai ƙugu kuma a sakamakon ya zama bai isa ba.

Yadda za a mayar da matakan hormone

Likitocin ba za su iya dawo da aikin cututtukan dake kusa da tsibirin ba.

A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da insulins na dabba da na roba. Ana la'akari da ilimin insulin a matsayin babbar hanyar dawo da daidaituwa na abu a cikin ciwon sukari, wani lokacin yana haɗuwa tare da maganin maye gurbin hormone. Rage yawan haɗakar wannan abu yana amfani da abinci na musamman-carb na musamman.

Kammalawa

Insulin wani hadadden tsarin furotin ne wanda ke sarrafa tsari mai yawa a jiki.

Babban aikinta shine kiyaye daidaitaccen ma'aunin sukari a cikin jini. An samar dashi a cikin wannan nau'in ƙwayar kumburi kamar yadda tsibirin pancreatic. Rashin daidaituwa a cikin wannan abu zai iya haifar da adadin cututtukan cuta.