Menene nau'in ciwon sukari na 2: sanadi da bayyanar cututtuka

Ba kamar nau'in cuta na farko ba, ana gano nau'in ciwon sukari guda biyu a cikin kowane maraƙi na huɗu, kuma sau da yawa mutum bai san game da kasancewar cututtukan cututtukan cuta a cikin mutum ba. Saboda irin wannan jahilcin, dukkan nau'ikan rikice-rikice sun bayyana.

Amma idan kun fara jiyya a cikin lokaci ga maza da mata, lokacin da alamun farko suka bayyana kuma ciwon sukari ya haɗu, za a iya kare mummunan sakamako. A cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na sukari, ana lura da ci gaba da damuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙwayoyin ba su kula da insulin da aka samar ba.

Don haka, wannan nau'in cutar ba ta da alaƙa da aikin insulin. Sakamakon raguwar hankalinsa, matakan glucose na jini yawanci suna ƙaruwa, a sakamakon lalata jirgin ruwan jini da sel gabobin ciki ke lalacewa saboda cuta mai tasowa. Don zaɓar magani da ya dace, kuna buƙatar sani - buga nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 menene kuma yadda za'a magance shi.

Sanadin Type 2 Ciwon sukari

A cikin kashi 90 na lokuta na cutar, ana gano marasa lafiya da nau'in ciwon sukari na type 2, abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan na iya bambanta sosai. A wannan yanayin, kwayar cutar ta ci gaba da samarda insulin, amma jiki baya iya zubarda aikin da yakamata, wanda shine dalilinda sukari ya tara jini kuma yana haifar da wasu matsaloli.

Duk da cewa koda ba a lalata ba, jiki bai iya ɗaukar cikakken insulin mai shigowa ba saboda kasancewar masu karɓar insulin da suka lalace akan ƙwayoyin, wanda ke haifar da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus.

Da farko dai, wannan yana nufin cewa mutum yana buƙatar bin tsarin abincin warkewa kuma yana iyakance amfani da abinci mai wadata a cikin carbohydrates gwargwadon yiwuwa.

1. Mafi yawan lokuta, abubuwan da ke haifar da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 shine cututtukan jiki na asali. A cikin tsufa, mutum na iya haɓaka haƙuri a cikin glucose, wato, a hankali jiki ya rasa ikon samun cikakken ruwan sukari.
2. Tare da shekaru, irin waɗannan canje-canje suna faruwa a kusan kowa da kowa, amma a cikin mutane masu lafiya, hankali yana raguwa da sauri. Amma idan mai haƙuri yana da yanayin gado, wannan tsari yana faruwa da sauri, kuma a sakamakon haka, mutum yana iya kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2.
3. Hakanan, abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari galibi suna da alaƙa da kiba. Sakamakon yawan kiba, akwai keta haddin jini, karuwa a cikin cholesterol, wanda ke zaune akan bangon jijiyoyin jini kuma yana haifar da ci gaban atherosclerosis. A cikin sharuddan masu sauƙi, tare da bayyanar filayen cholesterol, abubuwan gina jiki da oxygen ba zasu iya shiga kyallen da gabobin ciki ba, sakamakon yunwar oxygen, yawan shan insulin da glucose yana raguwa.
4. Babban dalili na uku da yasa nau'in II na ciwon sukari ke faruwa shine wuce gona da iri ga abincin da ke cikin wadatar carbohydrates. Carbohydrates a cikin adadin adadin yana haifar da lalata ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da lalacewar masu karɓar insulin a cikin sel kyallen takarda da gabobin ciki.

Kamar yadda binciken kimiyya ya nuna, a gaban nau'in mellitus na sukari na 2 a cikin ɗayan iyayen, haɗarin yaro ya kamu da cutar tare da layin gado shine kashi 35-40. A yayin da cutar ta yaɗu tsakanin iyaye biyu, haɗarin ya karu zuwa kashi 60-70. Oan wasan Monozygotic na iya haɗuwa da ciwon sukari guda 2 a cikin kashi 60-65, kuma heterozygous tagwaye a cikin 12-30 bisa dari na lokuta.

Idan an gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin maza ko mata, galibi yana da alaƙa da kiba, irin wannan cuta na rayuwa yana faruwa a kashi 60-80 na masu ciwon sukari. Yawancin kiba a cikin mahaifa yayi yawa musamman lokacinda kitse tayi yawa a cikin ciki da kugu.

Tare da wuce haddi mai kitse a jikin mutum, matakin samarda mai mai yalwa yana ƙaruwa. Wannan shine asalin tushen kuzari a cikin mutane, amma tare da haɓaka abun ciki na waɗannan nau'ikan acid, hyperinsulinemia da juriya insulin.

Ciki har da wannan yanayin yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ayyukan ayyukan ƙwayar cuta. Don haka, ana gano nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus a farkon mataki ta hanyar plasma na bincike don ƙoshin mai mai kyauta. Tare da wuce haddi daga cikin wadannan abubuwan, ana gano haƙuri a cikin glucose, koda kuwa ba a gano cutar azumi ba.

• Kwayoyin da yawa suna buƙatar samar da glucose mai ɗorewa. Amma tare da matsananciyar wahala na tsawon awanni 10, ana ganin raguwar ajiyar sukari na jini. A wannan yanayin, hanta ta fara yin amfani da glucose daga abubuwa na dabi'ar rashin carbohydrate.
• Bayan cin abinci, matakan sukari suna ƙaruwa, hanta ta dakatar da ayyukanta kuma tana adana glucose don gaba. Koyaya, a gaban cirrhosis, hemochromatosis da sauran cututtuka masu mahimmanci, hanta ba ta dakatar da aikinta ba kuma tana ci gaba da haɓaka sukari, wanda a ƙarshe yake tsokani nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.
• Sakamakon cututtukan metabolism ko ciwo na juriya ga insulin na hormone, yawan ƙwayar mai visceral yana ƙaruwa, carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism an rikice, hauhawar jijiyoyin jini ke tasowa.
• Irin waɗannan abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari suna kwance a gaban menopause, cututtukan ƙwayar tsoka na polycystic, hauhawar jini, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, canje-canje na hormonal, lalacewar uric acid metabolism.

Sau da yawa, abubuwan da ke haifar da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus na iya danganta su da lalacewar kwayoyin halitta da aiki a cikin ƙwayoyin beta na pancreatic. Hakanan, cutar na iya haɓaka saboda wasu kwayoyi - glucocorticoids, thiazides, beta-blockers, atypical antipsychotics, statins.

Don haka, nau'in na biyu na ciwon sukari mafi yawanci yana tasowa a cikin waɗannan halaye masu zuwa:

1. A gaban haihuwar gado;
2. A cikin mutanen da ke da nauyin jiki da kiba;
3. A cikin matan da a baya suka haifi yaro wanda nauyinsa ya wuce kilo 4, ko tare da cututtukan ciki;
4. Tare da yin amfani da glucocorticoids akai-akai - analogues na hormone na adrenal bawo;
5. Lokacin da aka gano cutar ta Itenko-Cushing ko ciwan huhun hanji, kazalika da acromegaly - ciwan huhun ciki;
6. A cikin maza da mata masu shekaru 40-50 da haihuwa a farkon matakin ci gaba na atherosclerosis, angina pectoris ko hauhawar jini;
7. A cikin mutane a farkon matakin farawa na kamawa;
8. Tare da bayyanar cutar eczema, atopic dermatitis da sauran cututtuka na yanayin rashin lafiyar;
9. Bayan bugun zuciya, bugun zuciya, cuta mai iya kamuwa da cuta, haka kuma yayin daukar ciki.

Bayyanar cututtuka da lura da ciwon sukari na 2

Idan mutum yana da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, alamomin sun yi kama da na irin cutar farko. Mai haƙuri ya kara yawan urination a lokacin dare da rana, ƙishirwa, bushewar bakin ciki, haɓakar ci, rashin ƙarfi wanda ba a bayyana shi ba, mara lafiyar. Sau da yawa itching bayyana a kan fata, kona a cikin perineum, foreskin zama haske.

Koyaya, a cikin nau'in cuta ta biyu, bambanci ba cikakke bane, amma karancin insulin. Amountarancin adadin hormone zai iya yin ma'amala tare da masu karɓa, raunin ƙwayar cuta yana faruwa a cikin jinkirin hanzari, saboda wanda mai haƙuri bazai san ci gaban cutar ba.

Mai ciwon sukari yana jin ƙarancin bushewa a cikin kogon baki da ƙishirwa, a wasu lokuta itching tana bayyana akan fata da hancin mucous, ƙonewar hanji ke gudana, lokuta na murƙushewa ya faru a cikin mata.

Hakanan, mutum yana da mummunar ciwo na gum, hakoran suna fadi, kuma hangen nesa yana raguwa da alama. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon sakin glucose mai tarin yawa ta hanyar fata zuwa waje ko cikin jijiyoyin jini, akan sukari, bi da bi, fungi da kwayoyin sun fara yaduwa.

Idan likita ya binciki ciwon sukari mellitus 2, magani yana farawa bayan cikakken jarrabawa kuma an kammala duk gwaje-gwajen da suka dace.

Tare da cutar ci gaba, ana iya samun sukari a cikin fitsari, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban glucosuria.

Farfad da maganin cututtukan type 2

Lokacin da aka gano wata cuta a cikin maza ko mata, likitan ya faɗi irin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, kuma ya zaɓi maganin da ya dace. Da farko dai, an wajabta tsarin abinci na musamman don masu ciwon sukari, a cikin abin da ake amfani da sinadarin carbohydrates da abinci mai kalori mai yawa. Irin waɗannan matakan suna taimakawa rage nauyi da mayar da hankalin ƙwayoyin sel zuwa insulin na hormone.

Idan abincin bai taimaka ba, kuma cutar ta kunna, mai haƙuri yana ɗaukar allunan saukar da sukari, wannan maganin yana ba ku damar dawo da tsarin insulin kuma yana daidaita ƙwayar kumburi. Ana shan magani don rage glucose kowace rana a kalla sau biyu zuwa sau uku a rana tsawon mintuna 30 kafin cin abinci.

An zabi sashi ne gwargwadon rubutaccen likitan likitanci; ana sauya canjin kuma ana yarda dashi bayan yarjejeniya da likitocin. Idan haƙuri yana da cirrhosis na hanta ko na koda, gazawar rage sukari da kwayoyi ne contraindicated, saboda haka, insulin far ana bayar da wannan rukuni na masu ciwon sukari.

• Za'a iya ba da magani tare da insulin idan ba a bi tsarin abincin warkewa na dogon lokaci ba kuma ba a karɓi magungunan da aka tsara ba. Idan babu magani mai mahimmanci, ɓacin zuciya yana faruwa, kuma injections kawai zasu iya taimakawa.
• Sau da yawa ana amfani da wasu hanyoyin madadin magani da ganyayyaki waɗanda suke mai da haɓakar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin. Abubuwan kayan ado na ganye suna da amfani a cikin mellitus na ciwon sukari na nau'in farko, saboda suna ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawar hulɗa da insulin tare da sel gabobin ciki.
• Amma yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa irin wannan hanyar za ta iya zama mai taimako kawai kuma za'a iya amfani dashi a hade tare da babban magani. A lokacin maganin ganye, abincin warkewa bai kamata ya tsaya ba, kuna buƙatar ci gaba da shan kwaya ko sanya allurar insulin.

Bugu da kari, mai ciwon sukari ya kamata ya jagoranci rayuwa mai aiki kuma kar a manta da darasi na jiki, wannan yana ba ku damar daidaita yanayin yanayin masu ciwon sukari da ƙananan jini. Idan kullun kuna bin ayyukan jiki kuma ku ci daidai, ƙwayoyin magunguna na iya bazasu buƙata, kuma matakan sukari sun koma al'ada a cikin kwana biyu a zahiri.

Abinci don Cutar Rana ta 2

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, tsarin abinci na warkewa yana aiki azaman babba kuma ingantacciyar hanyar maganin, wanda ke nufin matsakaicin gazawar abinci tare da babban sinadarin carbohydrates. Carbohydrates sune "haske", suna da ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta, don haka za'a iya ɗaukar su nan take cikin hanji. Wadannan abubuwan sun hada da glucose da fructose.

A sakamakon haka, a cikin maza da mata wannan yana haifar da haɓakar glucose jini. Har ila yau, akwai abubuwan da ake kira carbohydrates "mai nauyi" wanda ke ƙara ƙara matakan sukari - fiber da sitaci.

Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, kuna buƙatar watsi da amfani da sukari mai girma, zuma, jam, cakulan, Sweets, ice cream da sauran Sweets. Abubuwan dafa abinci da aka yi da fararen gari, taliya, kukis, da wuri ya kamata a cire su daga abinci, kuma ba a shawarar ayaba da inabin ba. Waɗannan nau'ikan samfuran suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka mai yawa a cikin sukari na jini, kuma in babu maganin, mai ciwon sukari na iya haɓaka cutar siga.

1. Ana iya cinye fiber da sitaci, amma a iyakataccen adadi. An yarda mai haƙuri ya ci dankali, hatsin rai daga garin alkama, hatsi daban-daban, gyada kore, wake. Game da haɓaka alamun alamun glucose, dole ne a yi watsi da waɗannan samfuran na ɗan lokaci.
2. Koyaya, abincin warkewa yana ba da damar amfani da abinci da yawa waɗanda zasu iya zama da amfani ga masu ciwon sukari. Musamman, mai haƙuri zai iya cin abinci mai ƙarancin kitse na nama da kifi, kayan kiwo ba tare da sukari da dyes ba, cuku, gida cuku.
3. Daga kayan lambu, kuna buƙatar haɗa da beets, karas, turnips, rutabaga, radishes, radishes, kabeji, farin kabeji, tumatir, cucumbers, kabewa, wake, kore, ƙwaya, zucchini, da seleri a cikin menu. Hakanan, kar a manta daga apples ba a taɓa ba, pears, plums, cherries, berries berries.

Likitoci suna ba da shawarar cin abinci mai fiber a kowace rana, saboda wannan yana inganta aikin hanji, yana taimakawa rage nauyi kuma yana daidaita matakan glucose na jini.

• Ana samun mafi yawan adadin fiber a cikin bran, raspberries, strawberries, baki, ja da fari currants, sabo ne namomin kaza, blueberries, cranberries, gooseberries, da prunes.
• A cikin ɗan ƙaramin adadin, ana samun fiber a cikin karas, kabeji, Peas kore, eggplant, barkono mai dadi, kabewa, Quince, zobo, lemu, lemun tsami, lingonberries.
• Ana samun fiber na matsakaici a cikin burodi mai hatsin rai, albasa mai launin kore, cucumbers, beets, tumatir, radishes, farin kabeji, kankana, apricots, pears, peaches, apples. Ayaba, tangerines.
• Firam mai sauƙi a cikin shinkafa, zucchini, letas, kankana, ceri, plums, cherries.

Dangane da nau'in cutar da tsananin cutar, an zaɓi abinci na warkewa na musamman.

Zaɓin abincin warkewa

Ana amfani da abincin warkewa "Table No. 8" idan ciwon sukari ya bayyana kwanan nan. Yawanci, ana sanya irin wannan abincin don tsofaffi da yara don hanzarta daidaita mahimmancin glucose a cikin jinin mai haƙuri. Amma bin wannan ka'ida ba kullun bane, amma lokaci-lokaci.

Dankali da hatsi ba a cire su a menu; masu ciwon sukari suna cin nama, madara da kayan lambu sabo. Sashi na yau da kullun bai wuce 250 g na Boiled nama ko kifi ba, 300 g na gida cuku, 0.5 l na madara, kefir ko yogurt, 20 g cuku, 10 ml na kayan lambu, 100 g na hatsin rai, 800 g na sabo kayan lambu, 400 g na 'ya'yan itace. Ana iya haɗa ƙwai a cikin menu don guda 2-3 a mako.

Don rama da ciwon sukari da kuma hana fashewa, suna bin abincin "Table No. 9A", ana ba da umarnin mafi yawan lokuta don cutar da ke da kyau. Dangane da wannan tsarin kulawa, menu na yau da kullun na iya haɗawa da fiye da 300 g na nama da aka dafa ko kifi, 300 g na gida cuku, 0.5 l na yogurt, kefir ko madara, 30 g na man shanu, 30 ml na kayan lambu, 250 g na hatsin rai, 900 g sabo kayan lambu, 400 g 'ya'yan itace, g 150 na namomin kaza.

Lokacin samun ingantattun alamu a cikin abincin, an ba shi izinin gabatar da dankali da hatsi a cikin ɗan ƙaramin abu, yayin da idan aka yi laushi a cikin glucose, ana ɗaukar allunan rage sukari, wanda ya kamata a bi da shi akai-akai. Ciki har da gudanar da aikin insulin ba a cire shi idan har lamarin ya kasance mai tsanani kuma ba a kula da shi ba.

Domin jinyar ta ci gaba yadda ya kamata kuma ba tare da rikice-rikice ba, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi likitanku, zai gaya muku duka game da ciwon sukari na 2 kuma ku zaɓi abincin da ya dace.

Masanin ilimin endocrinologist zai yi magana game da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 a cikin bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin.