Mene ne cututtukan ciwon sukari, me yasa yakan tashi kuma yaya ake bi dashi?

Babban dalilin faruwarsa na kowane irin rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari shine ƙayyadaddun sakamako na glucose a cikin kyallen na jikin mutum, musamman ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da ganuwar jijiyoyin bugun jini. An ƙayyade shan kashi na cibiyar sadarwa na jijiyoyin bugun gini, cututtukan ciwon suga, a cikin 90% na masu ciwon sukari tuni shekaru 15 bayan fara cutar.

A cikin matakai masu tsauri, shari'ar ta kare da nakasa saboda rabewa, asarar gabobin jiki, makanta. Abin takaici, har ma da mafi kyawun likitoci na iya dan rage jinkirin ci gaban angiopathy a takaice. Mai haƙuri ne kawai zai iya hana rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari. Wannan zai buƙaci ƙarfin ƙarfe da kuma fahimtar hanyoyin da ke gudana a jikin mai ciwon sukari.

Mecece maƙarƙashiyar rashin lafiyar ɗan adam?

Angiopathy sunan tsohuwar Greek ne, a zahiri an fassara shi da "wahala na jijiyoyin bugun gini". Suna shan wahala daga farin jini mai yawa wanda yake gudana a cikinsu. Bari muyi la'akari da cikakken daki-daki game da ci gaban rikice rikice a cikin cututtukan ciwon sukari.

Ciwon sukari da hauhawar jini zai zama abin da ya wuce

• Normalization na sukari -95%
• Cirewa kan jijiyoyin mara wuya - 70%
• Cire zuciyar mai karfin zuciya -90%
• Rabu da cutar hawan jini - 92%
• Increasearuwar kuzarin rana, inganta bacci da dare -97%

Bangon ciki na jiragen ruwa suna hulɗa ne kai tsaye da jini. Yana wakiltar ƙwayoyin endothelial waɗanda ke rufe dukkan farfaɗo a cikin yanki ɗaya. Endothelium ya ƙunshi matsakanci mai kumburi da furotin da ke haɓakawa ko haɓaka coagulation jini. Hakanan yana aiki azaman shinge - yana wuce ruwa, kwayoyin ƙasa da 3 nm, sauran abubuwa. Wannan tsari yana samar da kwararar ruwa da abinci mai kyau a cikin kyallen, yana tsabtace su daga abubuwan rayuwa.

Tare da angiopathy, shi ne endothelium wanda ke shan wahala mafi yawan, ayyukansa suna da illa. Idan ba'a kula da ciwon sukari a ƙarƙashin iko ba, matakan glucose mai ɗorewa suna fara lalata ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jini. Reactionswayoyin sunadarai na musamman suna faruwa tsakanin sunadarai na endothelial da sugars jini - glycation. Abubuwan samfuran glucose na metabolism a hankali suna tarawa a jikin bangon jijiyoyin jini, suna yi kauri, zazzabi, sun daina aiki kamar shamaki. Sakamakon cin zarafin ayyukan coagulation, ƙwanƙwasa jini ya fara zama, a sakamakon - diamita na jiragen ruwa yana raguwa kuma motsi jini yana raguwa a cikin su, zuciya dole ne ta yi aiki tare da karuwar kaya, hawan jini ya tashi.

Smallestarancin jiragen ruwa sun lalace sosai, hargitsi a cikin su yana haifar da dakatar da iskar oxygen da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙwayar jikin mutum. Idan a cikin yankunan da ke da matsanancin azaba a cikin lokaci babu wani mai maye gurbin ruɓaɓɓiyar capillaries tare da sababbi, waɗannan kyallen takarda na atrophy. Rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen yana hana ci gaban sabbin hanyoyin jini kuma yana hanzarta wucewar tsoka mai lalacewa.

Cutar sankarar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya wanda ke tattare da manyan jiragen ruwa sau da yawa tare da hanyoyin atherosclerotic. Saboda karancin mai mai mai rauni, an ajiye allunan cholesterol a jikin bango, lumbar tasoshin.

Abubuwan haɓaka cututtuka

Angiopathy yana haɓaka a cikin marasa lafiya da nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 kawai idan an ɗaga sukarin jini na dogon lokaci. Idan ya tsawance glycemia da sama da matakin sukari, da sauri canje-canje a cikin jirgi zai fara. Sauran abubuwan zasu iya kara cutar da cutar, amma ba haifar dashi ba.

Abin da gabobin ke shafar ciwon sukari

Dogaro da tasoshin da ke shan wahala mafi yawanci daga tasirin sugars a cikin ciwon sukari wanda ba a iya amfani dashi ba, an rarraba angiopathy zuwa nau'ikan:

1. Ciwon mara na Nephropathy - yana wakiltar shan kashi na ƙwayoyin hannun jariran a cikin ƙwayar kodan. Wadannan tasoshin suna cikin waɗanda suka fara shan wahala, saboda suna aiki a ƙarƙashin kullun kaya kuma suna zubar da jini mai yawa ta hanyar kansu. Sakamakon haɓakar ciwan angiopathy, gazawar koda na faruwa: Tsarin jini daga samfuran metabolic ya lalace, jiki ba ya kawar da gubobi gaba ɗaya, fitsari yana taɓarɓarewa a cikin ƙaramin abu, edema, an kafa gabobin da ke cikin jiki. Hadarin cutar ya ta'allaka ne da rashin bayyanar cututtuka a farkon matakan da kuma cikakkiyar asarar aikin koda. Lambar cutar kamar yadda aka tsara ICD-10 shine 3.
2. Cutar malaria na ƙananan ƙarshen - galibi yana haɓaka sakamakon tasirin cutar sankara a kan ƙananan tasoshin. Rashin daidaituwa na wurare dabam dabam wanda ke haifar da rauni na trophic da gangrene na iya haɓaka ko da tare da ƙananan rikice-rikice a cikin manyan jijiyoyin jini. Ya zama yanayin rikice-rikice: akwai jini a cikin kafafu, kuma kyallen takarda na fama da matsananciyar yunwa, tunda cibiyar sadarwar da ke gudana ta lalace kuma ba ta da lokaci don murmurewa saboda yawan ƙwayar jini a koyaushe. Ana gano ciwon angiopathy na ƙarshen ƙarshen a cikin lokuta daban, tun da hannayen mutumin yana aiki da ƙarancin kaya kuma yana kusa da zuciya, saboda haka, tasoshin da ke cikin su ba su da lalacewa kuma suna murmurewa da sauri. Lambar don ICD-10 ita ce 10.5, 11.5.
3. Rashin maganin ciwon sukari - yana haifar da lalacewar tasoshin retina. Kamar nephropathy, ba shi da alamu har sai da mummunan matakai na cutar, waɗanda ke buƙatar magani tare da magunguna masu tsada da lasisin laser a kan retina. Sakamakon lalacewar jijiyoyin fata a cikin retina shine mai gani da gani saboda cutar hanji, tabarbarewar fuska a gaban idanun saboda zubar jini, toshe bakin cikin, sai makanta sakamakon yadin da ya lalace. Magungunan jinya na farko, wanda za'a iya ganowa kawai a cikin ofishin likitan likitancin ido, ana iya warkar dashi da kansa tare da biyan diyya na dogon lokaci. Lambar H0.
4. Cutar malaria na jijiyoyin zuciya - yana haifar da angina pectoris (lambar I20) kuma shine babban dalilin mutuwa daga rikice rikice na ciwon sukari. Atherosclerosis na cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya yana haifar da matsanancin oxygen na ƙwayar zuciya, wanda ya amsa tare da matsi, matsananciyar wahala. Halakar capillaries da ambaliyar da suka biyo baya tare da haɗin nama yana lalata aikin ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya, rudani ya faru.
5. Encephalopathy mai ciwon sukari - take hakkin samar da jini ga kwakwalwa, a farkon bayyanar da ciwon kai da rauni. Yawan tsayiwar hyperglycemia, mafi girma raunin oxygen na kwakwalwa, kuma mafi yawan abinda yake damun shi ne ta hanyar iska mai lalacewa.

Bayyanar cututtuka da alamun angiopathy

Da farko, ciwon angiopathy yana asymptomatic. Yayinda lalataccen abu ne mai ƙarancin gaske, jiki yana sarrafa haɓaka sabbin jiragen ruwa don maye gurbin wanda ya lalace. A farkon, daidaitaccen matakin, ana iya tantance rikicewar metabolism ne kawai ta hanyar inganta cholesterol a cikin jini da kara sautin jijiyoyin jini.

Na farko alamun bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon sukari suna faruwa a matakin aiki, lokacin da raunuka suka yawaita kuma basu da lokaci don murmurewa. Jiyya da aka fara a wannan lokacin yana da ikon juyar da tsarin kuma ya sake dawo da aikin cibiyar yanar gizo na jijiyoyin jiki.

Alamu masu yiwuwa:

• jin zafi a kafafu bayan dogon nauyi - me yasa masu ciwon sukari ke jin zafi a kafafu;
• numbness da tingling a cikin wata gabar jiki;
• katsewa
• fata mai sanyi a ƙafafu;
• furotin a cikin fitsari bayan motsa jiki ko damuwa;
• aibobi da kuma jin hangen nesa;
• rauni mai rauni, ba a sauqaqa ta analgesics.

Cututtukan ciwon sukari na ƙananan ƙarshen

Cikakken bayyanar cututtuka yana faruwa a ƙarshe, na halitta, mataki na angiopathy. A wannan lokacin, canje-canje a cikin gabobin da abin ya shafa sun rigaya ana iya juyawa, kuma magani na iya rage jinkirin ci gaba da cutar.

Clinical bayyananniya:

1. Jin zafi a kafafu, lameness, lalacewar fata da ƙusoshin saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, kumburi ƙafafu da maraƙi, rashin iya kasancewa a cikin matsayin tsaye na dogon lokaci tare da angiopathy na ƙananan ƙarshen.
2. High, ba amenable zuwa far, saukar karfin jini, kumburi a kan fuska da jiki, kewaye da gabobin ciki, maye tare da nephropathy.
3. Rashin hangen nesa mai zurfi tare da maganin retinopathy, hazo a gaban idanun saboda ƙonewa a cikin cututtukan ciwon sukari na tsakiyar retina.
4. Haushi da kasala sakamakon farhythmia, lethargy da karancin numfashi sakamakon gazawar zuciya, ciwon kirji.
5. Rashin damuwa, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da daidaituwa da motsi, rage ƙwarewar fahimta a cikin kwakwalwa na angiopathy.

Bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki a cikin gabar jiki

Bayyanar cutar

Bayyanar cututtuka na farko na ciwon angiopathy shine tabbacin cewa magani zai yi nasara. Jira don bayyanar cututtuka yana nufin fara cutar cike murmurewa a matakai 3 ba zai yuwu ba, wani ɓangare na ayyukan gabobin da ya lalace zasu ɓace cikin ɓacewa. An ba da shawarar yin gwaje-gwaje na shekaru 5 bayan gano ciwon sukari. A halin yanzu, ana iya gano canje-canje a cikin tasoshin tun da farko, wanda ke nufin cewa za su iya fara kulawa da su yayin da raunuka kaɗan. Yawancin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ana gano shi sau da yawa bayan fara cutar, kuma jiragen ruwa sun fara lalacewa har ma a matakin cutar suga, don haka ya kamata ku duba tasoshin nan da nan bayan an gano cutar hauka.

A cikin matasa da tsofaffi masu fama da ciwon sukari na dogon lokaci, yawancin angiopathies na gabobin daban-daban suna haɓaka, duka tasoshin da ƙananan tasoshin sun lalace. Bayan gano nau'in cuta guda ɗaya a cikinsu, suna buƙatar cikakken binciken tsarin zuciya.

Dukkanin nau'ikan cututtukan angiopathy suna bayyanar da canje-canje iri ɗaya a cikin metabolism na sunadarai da mai. Tare da rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki, ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta na halayyar marasa lafiya da ke haifar da lalacewa. Tare da taimakon gwaje-gwajen jini na kwayoyin, ana gano matsayin da ake kira lipid. Ana nuna rashin yiwuwar rashin lafiyar angiopathy ta karuwa a cikin ƙwayar cholesterol, hauhawar ƙarancin lipoproteins mai yawa, raguwa a matakan albumin, karuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin phospholipids, triglycerides, acid na kyauta da na alpha-globulin suna da mahimmanci musamman.

>> Karanta game microangiopathy a cikin ciwon sukari shine ɗayan nau'in cututtukan angiopathy.

Ana yin cikakken bincike game da gabobin da ke wahala daga lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki don bada shawarar ga marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari mellitus tare da irin waɗannan canje-canje a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin jini.

Taya zan iya bi?

Jiyya na ciwon sukari na angiopathy yana nufin al'ada sukari jini, ƙarfafa jini yawo da ƙarfafa ganuwar tasoshin jini.

Rage sukari da kiyaye shi na dogon lokaci a cikin iyakoki na yau da kullun shine mafi kyawun magani ga kowane angiopathy. A cikin matakan farko na cutar, wannan ya isa ga tasoshin su dawo da kansu. Ana ɗaukar ragowar magani azaman ƙarin, ƙarin saurin warkewa. Ana amfani da magunguna na rage sukari, insulin, abincin da ke rage abubuwa na carbohydrates da kitsen dabbobi don sarrafa glucose.

Nazarin Gwanaye

Arkady Alexandrovich

Endocrinologist tare da gwaninta

Tambaye gwani a tambaya

Dalilin wadannan kwayoyi shi ne na kowa kuma likita ne kawai zai iya yin shi. Duk wani magani mai zaman kansa, ban da abinci, aikin jiki da bitamin a cikin sashi wanda shawarar ta ba da shawarar, na iya hanzarta haɓakar rikice-rikice na ciwon sukari.

Anyi amfani dashi don kulawa da matsanancin ciwon kai da kuma tiyata. Idan da akwai bakin cikin da babban jirgin ruwa a sashin hannu, to ana yin buqatar - an sanya shi a cikin raga. Yana tura ganuwar jirgin kuma ya mayar da jini cikin yankin da abun ya shafa. Tare da mafi kankataccen kunkuntar, ana iya yin rufe ido - ƙirƙirar hanyar damuwa don kwararar jini daga jijiyar mara lafiya.

Don lura da maganin cututtukan fata, ana amfani da ayyukan laser - ana amfani da keɓaɓɓun jiragen ruwa a cikin retina, an keɓe shi. Marasa lafiya tare da nephropathy a matakin tashar buƙatar buƙatar hemodialysis na yau da kullun ta amfani da kayan "ƙoda mai wucin gadi", kuma, in ya yiwu, juyawa wani ɓangaren mai ba da gudummawa.

Matakan hanawa

Tsarin matakan da zasu iya hana ko yin jinkiri game da faruwar cutar malaria:

1. Kulawa da canje-canje a cikin metabolism ga mutanen da ke cikin hadarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2, ma'aunin yau da kullun na glucose mai azumi kuma a cikin kaya. Theuntatawa a cikin abincin abinci na carbohydrates mai sauri, yaƙi da wuce kima, rayuwa mai aiki.
2. Kula da matakan glucose al'ada ce ga marasa lafiya da masu ciwon sukari iri biyu. Daidai aiwatar da duk shawarar likita.
3. Ziyarci likitan ophthalmologist sau biyu a shekara tare da tilasta ophthalmoscopy.
4. Gwajin da aka yi na shekara don gano microalbuminuria.
5. Duban dan tayi na jijiyoyin wuya na kafafu a farkon bayyanar cututtuka na angiopathy.
6. Cikakken kulawa na ƙafa, bincika yau da kullun don lalacewa, kulawa da kulawa da ƙananan raunuka, zaɓi na jin dadi, takalma marasa rauni.
7. Yi motsa jiki sau 3-4 a mako, zai fi dacewa a cikin sabon iska. An fi son horo na Cardio a cikin sauri, wanda ke rikitarwa kamar yadda tsokoki da zuciya ke ƙarfafa.
8. Iyakance yawan shan barasa, cikakken dakatar da shan sigari.