A cikin yara, nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ya fara ne sakamakon cin zarafin ƙwayar cuta. Irin wannan ilimin yara a cikin yaro na iya bayyana a kan asalin yanayin damuwa ko kuma cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, wanda hakan ba daidai ba ne ga matasa da jarirai.
Cutar ta kasance a cikin sararin samaniya na kasusuwa a jikin bango na bayanta kuma yana nufin gland na nau'in hade. Parenchyma yana yin aikin exocrine da endocrine.
Jiki yana fitar da ruwan 'pancreatic juice', wanda ya qunshi narkewar abinci da kuma sinadarin horarwa, wanda yake shi ne a cikin mafi yawan tafiyar matakai na jiki. Babban aikin insulin shine sarrafa ingantaccen glucose na jini.
Ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yara na tasowa sakamakon karancin fitowar insulin. Wannan ilimin yana faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar kayan aiki wanda yake samar da insulin.
Ana kiranta nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus a cikin matasa har zuwa insulin-dogara, tunda ana buƙatar maganin insulin koyaushe don maganin da rigakafin. Wani lokaci ana buƙatar insulin don kamuwa da ciwon sukari guda 2, amma wannan ba kowa bane. Ciwon sukari na 1 ba zai iya yin ba tare da allurar insulin ba.
Sanadin kamuwa da cutar sukari irin 1 a cikin yara da matasa
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon sukari a cikin yaro shine hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a cikin tsibiran Langerhans, waɗanda ke cikin wutsiya na parenchyma. Lalacewa a cikin gland na iya lalacewa saboda dalilai da yawa, kamar kamuwa da cuta ta kwayar cuta. Amma mafi yawancin lokuta, cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta sun haifar saboda tashin hankali na tsarin rigakafi na yaro.
A wannan yanayin, tsibirin na Langerhans an lalata sel ƙwayoyin lymphoid. A cikin yaro mai lafiya, waɗannan sel suna kai hari ne kawai ga wakilai daga ƙasashen waje.
Wannan tsari ana kiransa "autoimmune" kuma yana nufin jiki yana samarda rigakafi ga kansa.
Cututtukan autoimmune
Za'a iya haɗu da cututtukan autoimmune tare da nau'ikan gabobin jiki, irin su glandar thyroid ko glandar adrenal. Wadannan cututtukan cututtukan suna da yawa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke dauke da ciwon sukari na 1.
Wannan yana nuna tsinkayen gado na tsarin lalacewa na rigakafi wanda wasu dalilai na waje zasu haifar.
Ba'a san takamaiman sahihiyar hanyar da ke haifar da cutar ba, amma masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa maganin madara saniya zai iya lalacewa ta hanyar amfani da madara saniya ko kamuwa da cuta tare da kamuwa da cuta. Kuma tsarin sarrafa kansa kai tsaye yana haifar da ci gaban ciwon sukari a cikin yara da matasa.
Alamar a cikin yara
Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari a cikin yaro yawanci ciwo ne. Bayan cin abinci ko a tsawon lokaci na azumi, alamun kwatsam da rauni na iya bayyana.
Babban “man” ɗin da sel a jikin ɗan adam suke amfani da shi don cinye makamashi shine glucose. Idan yawancin sel zasu iya canza makamashi daga ƙwaya da sauran abubuwan gina jiki, to, kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi suna buƙatar glucose don wannan.
Glucose mai narkewa daga abinci mai narkewa yana motsa jiki na samar da insulin na hormone, wanda ke shafar masu karbar kwayoyin membranes kuma suna inganta shigarwar glucose a cikin tantanin halitta. Idan wannan rushe tsari ya lalace, to akwai gazawa a cikin metabolism da kuzarin salula. Manyan glucose suna shiga jini da fitsari.
Amfani da glucose a cikin wannan yanayin ya zama cikakke marasa amfani kuma ana lura da alamun bayyanar cututtuka a cikin yaro wanda ke da ƙwayar cuta ta 1 na sukari:
- bushe baki da ƙishirwa;
- gajiya;
- yawan fitar urinauke da rana a cikin dare da rana;
- tare da karuwa cikin ci, asarar nauyi;
- cututtukan fungal wanda ya haifar da itching a cikin ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta;
- sauran cututtukan fata.
Mahimmanci! Idan yaro yana da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamun ko kuma sau dayawa, dole ne a kai shi likita cikin gaggawa don gwajin.
Babban mahimmanci shine gado. Idan ciwon sukari ya faru a cikin iyayen jariri, da alama cutar haɓaka cutar tana ƙaruwa. Koyaya, nau'in ciwon sukari na nau'in 1 ana bayar da rahoton ba sau da yawa fiye da ciwon sukari na type 2. ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da abin da ke tattare da ciwon sukari za'a iya samu akan gidan yanar gizon mu.
Yadda ake kulawa da yaro
Cututtukan type 1 na cutar kodayaushe ana rama shi ta hanyar injections na mutum. Sauran hanyoyin warkewa da matakan yakamata a yiwa daidaiton aiki tare da karfafa garkuwar yaro.
Yin rigakafin kamuwa da cutar siga a cikin yara ana iya bayyana ta da wadannan abubuwan:
- Gudanar da insulin na yau da kullun. Ana ba da allura a kullun, sau ɗaya ko fiye. Dukkanta ya dogara da nau'in maganin da ake amfani dashi.
- Kawar rashin aiki na jiki da haɓaka aikin jiki.
- Kula da nauyin jikin al'ada.
- Dawo da oda a cikin abincin da kuma biye da karancin abinci-carb.
- Normalization na ayyukan salula da kiyaye madaidaicin matakin glucose.
Kula! Ya kamata ƙwararren masanin ilimin endocrinologist ya zaɓi zaɓin maganin ciwon sukari. Ga kowane mai haƙuri, ana yin wannan daban-daban, gwargwadon matakin, alamu da halayen jiki.
Yin rigakafin kamuwa da cutar siga a cikin yara da matasa
Yin rigakafin cutar ta hada da hanyoyi da yawa don hana ci gaban abubuwan da ba su dace da ke haifar da ci gaba da ciwon sukari:
- Ana buƙatar iyaye na jariri su lura da duk alamun da ke nuna sukari mai ƙarfi ko ƙasa.
- Idan yaro ya riga ya kamu da ciwon sukari, ya zama dole don auna matakin sukari akai-akai a cikin jini ta amfani da glucometer na musamman na zamani.
- Ya kamata a daidaita matakan glucose ta allurar insulin.
- Dole ne ɗan yaron ya bi abin da likitan ya tsara.
- Ya kamata koyaushe yaro ya ɗauki sukari ko abinci mai daɗi wanda za a buƙaci idan ƙwanƙwasa jini ya haɓaka. A cikin mummunan yanayi, ana iya buƙatar allurar glucagon.
- Yakamata a duba masu cutar da masu cutar sukari a kai a kai domin cin zarafin ayyukan idanu, kafafu, fata, ƙodan, da kuma tantance matakan sukari na jini.
- Don samun damar hana rage yawan cututtukan cututtukan cuta, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi likita a farkon farkon cutar.
Sanadin irin nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yara
Babban dalilin ci gaban cutar shine keta tsarin rayuwa mai lafiya. A wuri na biyu shine rashin aiki na jiki (rashin motsawar motsa jiki). Babban rawa ana taka leda ta hanyar sabawa ka'idodin abinci mai lafiya. Ci gaban ciwon sukari yana ingantawa ta hanyar amfani da abinci mai mai mai mai-carbohydrate, kuma yakamata a bi tsarin abinci mai ƙarancin carb ga masu ciwon sukari.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan ba zasu haifar da hanyoyin aiwatarwa a jikin yaron ba.
Yin motsa jiki na yau da kullun yana taimakawa rage haɗarin ci gaba da ci gaba da cututtukan zuciya, atherosclerosis, da ciwon sukari. Wataƙila a lokacin ƙoƙari na jiki zai daidaita sashi na shirye-shiryen insulin. Sashi ya dogara da ƙarfi da tsawon lokacin aiki.
Mahimmanci! Yawan motsa jiki da wuce haddi na insulin na iya rage matakan glucose da kuma haifar da ci gaban hawan jini!
Ya kamata abincin da yara da yara su cika shi da fiber, abincin ya daidaita daidai gwargwadon sunadarai, mai da abinci na carbohydrates. Amfani da ƙananan carbohydrates mai nauyin nauyi, kamar sukari, ya kamata a cire shi.
Abubuwan da suke amfani da su na yau da kullun a cikin abinci ya kamata su zama iri ɗaya. Yakamata a sami abinci guda uku da abinci sau 2-3 a rana. Abincin mutum don yaro mai ciwon sukari na 1 yakamata ya kasance mai ilimin endocrinologist.
Hakanan har yanzu ba zai yuwu a kawar da bayyanar cutar ba, saboda tana tasowa ne saboda dalilai daban-daban. Amma masana kimiyya a duniya gaba daya suna binciken cutar kuma suna yin kyawawan gyare-gyare game da jiyya da gano cutar.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar cutar
Nau'in ciwon sukari na Type 1 a cikin mafi yawan lokuta yana ba da rikice-rikice kawai a cikin rashin isasshen magani. Idan ka manta da lafiyarka da lafiyar yara, rikice-rikice masu zuwa na iya faruwa:
- Hypoglycemia. Matakan sukari na jini na iya faduwa sosai saboda yawan tazara tsakanin abinci, yawan shirye-shiryen insulin, yawan motsa jiki, ko hauhawar jini.
- Canje-canje na insulin rashin daidaituwa na iya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin sukarin jini da ketoacidosis.
- A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, atherosclerosis yana da ƙari, wanda ke da haɗari ga rikicewar jini a cikin ƙananan ƙarshen (ƙafafun sukari, gangrene), cututtukan zuciya (infarction na myocardial, angina pectoris), da bugun jini.
- Kwayar cutar Nephropathy cuta ce ta yara ta yara.
- Rashin maganin ciwon sukari ƙetarewar aikin hangen nesa.
- Gaggawar jijiya - cututtukan cututtukan zuciya da na angiopathy, na haifar da ulcers da cututtuka.
- Babban hadarin kamuwa da cututtuka.
- A cikin manyan maganganu masu tasowa na cutar, hyperosmolar, ketoacidotic, hypoglycemic da lactacPs coma.
Abincin abinci
Babu cikakkiyar magani ga masu ciwon sukari na 1. Babban abu da tushe don ƙarin maganin cutar ita ce abincin da ya dace. Za'a iya samun gamsuwa da kwanciyar hankali da cikakken nutsuwa tare da yin gyara kan tsarin abincin da kuma ƙara yawan motsa jiki.
Rashin haɗari mai rikitarwa a cikin matakai na gaba tare da abincin da aka zaɓa daidai yana ragu sosai. Yawancin mutane masu fama da ciwon sukari suna da hauhawar jini.
Kwayoyi don hawan jini ya kamata a sha akai-akai don masu ciwon sukari, zasu taimaka rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da cutar.
