Cutar sankarar LADA wata cuta ce mai karancin cututtukan siga a cikin manya. A cikin Ingilishi, irin wannan nazarin yana kama da "latent autoimmune diabetes a cikin manya". Cutar tana tasowa ne tsakanin shekarun 35 zuwa 65, amma a mafi yawan sanannun lokuta ana gano ta a cikin mutane masu shekaru 45-55.
An nuna shi ta hanyar cewa yawan haɗuwa da glucose a cikin jiki yana ƙaruwa da matsakaici, fasali shine cewa cutar ta yi kama da alamu don nau'in ciwon sukari na II na mellitus.
Cutar sankarar LADA (wannan wani sunan tsufa ne, yanzu ana kiran shi da mellitus diabetes na autoimmune a aikace), kuma ya banbanta da cewa ya yi kama da irin wannan cutar ta farko, amma cutar sankarar LADA tana ci gaba sannu a hankali. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a cikin matakai na karshe na ilimin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cuta ana gano shi azaman nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 2.
A cikin magani, akwai CIGABA na ciwon sukari, wanda ke nufin wani nau'in ciwon sukari na subclass A, ana nuna shi ta halayyar alama, ya tashi sakamakon cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata.
Sanin abin da ciwon sukari na LADA yake, kuna buƙatar la'akari da menene siffofin cutar da kuma menene alamu ke nuna ci gaban ta? Hakanan, kuna buƙatar gano yadda ake binciken cutar, kuma menene magani.
Abubuwa na dabam
An sanya kalmar LADA zuwa cututtukan cututtukan kansa a cikin manya. Mutanen da suka fada cikin wannan rukunin suna buƙatar isasshen magani tare da insulin na hormone.
A kan tushen ilimin cuta a cikin mai haƙuri a cikin jiki, ana lura da lalacewar ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta, waɗanda ke da alhakin samar da insulin. Don haka, ana lura da yanayin aikin halayyar ɗan adam a cikin jikin mutum.
A cikin aikin likita, zaka iya jin sunayen mutane da yawa na cutar LADA. Wasu likitoci suna kiranta da cuta mai sannu a hankali, wasu kuma suna kiran ciwon sukari "1.5". Kuma ana iya bayyana irin wadannan sunayen cikin sauki.
Haƙiƙar ita ce mutuwar duk ƙwayoyin sel ta na'urar inginia lokacin da suka kai wani zamani, musamman - yana da shekara 35, yana tafiya a hankali. Dalilin haka ne cewa LADA yawanci rikice ne da ciwon sukari na 2.
Amma idan kun kwatanta shi, to, ya bambanta da nau'ikan 2 na cutar, tare da cutar ta LADA, gaba ɗaya dukkanin ƙwayoyin cututtukan ƙwayar cutar sun mutu, a sakamakon haka, ba za a iya sake samar da kwayoyin ta hanyar ƙwayar ciki ta cikin adadin da ake buƙata ba. Kuma a kan lokaci, aikin ya daina gaba ɗaya.
A cikin al'amuran asibiti na al'ada, cikakkiyar dogara ga insulin an kafa shi ne bayan shekaru 1-3 daga bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar mellitus, kuma yana faruwa tare da alamun halayyar, duka mata da maza.
Hanya ta hanyar ilimin likita ta fi kusanci da nau'in na biyu, kuma a cikin dogon lokaci, yana yiwuwa a tsara tsarin aiwatarwa ta hanyar motsa jiki da abinci mai inganta lafiya.
Mahimmancin kamuwa da cutar zazzabin LADA
Ciwon sukari na latent autoimmune a cikin manya shine cutar kansa wanda ya “bayyana” godiya ga masana kimiyya kusan kwanan nan. A baya, an gano wannan nau'in ciwon sukari a matsayin cuta ta nau'in na biyu.
Kowa ya san nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, amma mutane kima ne suka ji labarin cutar LADA. Zai yi kama, wane bambanci ne abin da masana kimiyya suka haɗu da shi, me ya sa rikitar da rayuwar marasa lafiya da likitoci? Kuma bambanci yana da girma.
Lokacin da ba a gano mai haƙuri da cutar ta LADA ba, to ana bada shawarar magani ba tare da maganin insulin ba, kuma ana kula dashi azaman cuta ta al'ada ta nau'in na biyu. Wato, ana ba da shawarar rage cin abinci mai inganci, ana motsa jiki, wasu lokuta ana sanya magunguna waɗanda ke taimakawa rage yawan sukarin jini.
Irin waɗannan allunan, a tsakanin sauran halayen masu illa, suna haifar da samar da insulin ta hanyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, a sakamakon wanda ƙwayoyin beta ke fara aiki a iyakar iyawar su. Kuma mafi girman ayyukan irin waɗannan sel, ana saurin lalacewarsu yayin aikin ilimin halittar mutum, kuma ana samun sarkar:
- Kwayoyin Beta sun lalace.
- Hormone samar da.
- An tsara magunguna.
- Ayyukan ragowar cikakkun ƙwayoyin suna ƙaruwa.
- Cutar kansa ta kara karfi.
- Dukkan kwayoyin halitta suna mutuwa.
Da yake magana a kan matsakaici, irin wannan sarkar yana ɗaukar shekaru da yawa, kuma ƙarshen shine raguwar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke haifar da alƙawarin maganin insulin. Haka kuma, dole ne a gudanar da insulin a cikin allurai masu yawa, yayin da yake da matukar muhimmanci a bi tsarin rage cin abinci.
A cikin tsarin gargajiya na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus, ana buƙatar rashin insulin a cikin magani da yawa daga baya. Don warware sarkar cututtukan cututtukan autoimmune, bayan gano cutar ta LADA, ya kamata a shawarci mai haƙuri don gudanar da ƙananan allurai na hormone.
Farjin ilimin insulin da wuri yana haifar da manyan manufofin da yawa:
- Bayar da lokacin hutawa don ƙwayoyin beta. Bayan haka, yayin da ake aiki da insulin, da sauri sel su zama marasa amfani a cikin kumburin autoimmune.
- Kauracewa cutar kansa mai cutar kansa a cikin farji ta hanyar rage yawan cututtukan. Su ne “jan rag” ga tsarin garkuwar jikin ɗan adam, kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga yunƙurin hanyoyin sarrafa kansa, wanda ke tattare da fitowar ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Kula da tattarawar glucose a cikin jikin marasa lafiya a matakin da ake buƙata. Kowane mai ciwon sukari ya san cewa mafi girma sukari a cikin jiki, da sauri rikice-rikice zai zo.
Abin takaici, bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan autoimmune type 1 ba zai bambanta sosai, kuma ganowarsa a farkon matakin da wuya a gano shi. Koyaya, idan ya yiwu a rarrabe cutar a matakin farko, to yana yiwuwa a fara maganin insulin a baya, wanda zai taimaka wajen adana ragowar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kansa.
Adana ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen abune na musamman, kuma akwai wasu dalilai na wannan: saboda aikin ɓangaren ƙwayar ciki, ya isa kawai kula da tattarawar glucose a cikin jiki; haɗarin hauhawar jini ya ragu; ana hana rikice-rikice na cututtuka na yau da kullun.
Yadda ake zargin wani nau'in ciwon siga mai saurin kamuwa da cuta?
Abin baƙin ciki, ɗayan hoto na asibiti game da cutar ba ya bayar da shawarar cewa mai haƙuri yana da ciwon sukari na kansa. Bayyanar cututtuka ba su da bambanci da tsarin nau'in cutar sankara.
Ana lura da waɗannan alamomin masu zuwa a cikin marasa lafiya: rauni mai ƙarfi, gajiya mai rauni, farin ciki, rawar jiki daga ƙarshen (ba wuya), ƙaruwar zafin jiki (ƙari ban da na al'ada), ƙara yawan fitowar fitsari, rage ƙarfin jiki.
Hakanan, idan cutar ta rikitarwa ta hanyar ketoacidosis, to, akwai ƙishirwa mai zafi, bushewar baki, yawan tashin zuciya da amai, ƙwaƙwalwa a kan harshe, akwai halayyar ƙamshi na acetone daga bakin ciki. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa LADA na iya faruwa koda ba tare da alamun alamu ba.
Matsakaicin shekarun cutar sankara ta bambanta daga shekaru 35 zuwa 65. Lokacin da aka gano mara lafiyar da ciwon sukari na 2 na ciwon sukari a wannan lokacin, dole ne a bincika shi bisa ga sauran ka'idoji don ware cutar LADA.
Isticsididdiga ta nuna cewa kusan 10% na marasa lafiya suna zama "masu mallaka" na latent autoimmune diabetes. Akwai takamaiman matakan haɗarin asibiti na 5 ma'auni:
- Bayani na farko yana da alaƙa da tsufa lokacin da aka gano cutar sankara kafin ta cika shekaru 50.
- Bayyanar bayyanar cutar sankara (fiye da lita biyu na fitsari a kowace rana, Ina jin ƙishirwa a kullun, mutum yana rasa nauyi, ana lura da rauni mai ƙarfi da gajiya).
- Manunin jikin mara haƙuri bai wuce raka'a 25 ba. A takaice dai, bashi da nauyi mai yawa.
- Akwai cututtukan autoimmune a cikin tarihi.
- Kasancewar cututtukan cututtukan da ke kusa da dangi a cikin dangi.
Masu kirkirar wannan sikelin sun ba da shawarar cewa idan amsoshin tambayoyi masu kyau sun kasance daga sifili zuwa ɗaya, to yuwuwar samun takamaiman nau'in ciwon sukari bai wuce 1% ba.
A yanayin idan akwai amsoshi masu inganci sama da biyu (guda biyu masu haɗari), haɗarin ci gaban ya kusan zuwa 90%, kuma a wannan yanayin, nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje ya zama dole.
Yadda za a gane cutar?
Don bincika irin wannan ilimin a cikin manya, akwai matakan bincike da yawa, amma mafi mahimmanci sune ƙididdigar biyu, wanda zai zama hukunci.
Binciken taro na anti-GAD - rigakafi zuwa glutamate decarboxylase. Idan sakamakon ya kasance mara kyau, to wannan yana kawar da nau'in ciwon siga wanda ba a sani ba. Tare da sakamako mai kyau, an gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi, waɗanda ke ba da shawara cewa mai haƙuri yana da yuwuwar haɓaka cutar LADA kusa da 90%.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙudurin ci gaba da cutar ta hanyar gano ƙwayoyin cuta na ICA zuwa sel ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Idan amsoshi guda biyu tabbatacce ne, to wannan yana nuna mummunan nau'in ciwon suga LADA.
Nazarin na biyu shine ma'anar C-peptide. An ƙaddara shi a kan komai a ciki, har da bayan ƙarfafawa. Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na farko (da LADA kuma) ana nuna shi da ƙarancin wannan abun.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, likitoci koyaushe suna tura duk marasa lafiya masu shekaru 35-50 tare da kamuwa da cutar sankarar bargo zuwa ƙarin binciken don tabbatar ko ware cutar LADA.
Idan likita bai ba da ƙarin ƙarin binciken ba, amma mai haƙuri ya gano cutar, zaku iya tuntuɓar cibiyar bincike ta biya tare da matsalar ku.
Cutar cuta
Babban burin aikin jiyya shine don adana abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburin ciki. Lokacin da zai yiwu a kammala aikin, mai haƙuri zai iya rayuwa har zuwa tsufa, ba tare da samun matsaloli da rikice-rikice ba game da cutar.
A cikin ciwon sukari, LADA, dole ne a fara samar da insulin kai tsaye, kuma ana gudanar da hodar a cikin kananan allurai. Idan kuwa ba za a iya yin hakan kan lokaci ba, to lallai ne a gabatar da shi “a cikakke”, rikice-rikice za su bunkasa.
Don kare sel na farji daga harin garkuwar jiki, ana buƙatar allurar insulin. Tunda sune "masu kariya" na gabobin ciki daga ajiyar su. Kuma da farko, buƙatun su shine kare, kuma kawai a na biyu - don kula da sukari a matakin da ake buƙata.
Algorithm don magance cutar LADA:
- Ana bada shawara don cinye wadataccen carbohydrates (abinci mai-carb).
- Wajibi ne don gudanar da insulin (misali Levemir misali). Gabatar da insulin Lantus ya yarda, amma ba a ba da shawarar ba, tunda ana iya dilimin Levemir, amma magani na biyu, a'a.
- Ana gudanar da karin insulin, koda kuwa glucose bai kara girma ba, kuma ana kiyaye shi a matakin al'ada.
A cikin ciwon sukari, LADA, dole ne a lura da duk takardar sayen likita tare da daidaito, kula da kai ba a yarda da shi ba kuma an cika shi tare da rikitarwa masu yawa.
Kuna buƙatar kulawa da sukari na jini a hankali, auna shi sau da yawa a rana: da safe, maraice, yamma, bayan cin abinci, kuma sau da yawa a mako ana bada shawara don auna ƙimar glucose a tsakiyar dare.
Babban hanyar magance ciwon sukari shine rage cin abinci mai karan-carb, sannan kawai sai an tsara aikin motsa jiki, insulin da magunguna. A cikin cutar sankara, LADA, ya zama dole a allurar da kwayoyin cutar a kowane yanayi, kuma wannan shine babban bambanci tsakanin cutar sankara. Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin zai gaya maka abin da za a yi tare da ciwon sukari.
