Cutar sankarau cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta. Wasu marasa lafiya suna gudanar da kwastomomi da daidaita matakan sukari na jini - a cikin magani ana kiran wannan diyya don cutar.
Samun irin wannan sakamako mai yiwuwa ne kawai ga wahalhalun jiyya da kuma tsananin bin duk magunguna na likita. Kyakkyawan diyya ga nau'in 1 ko nau'in 2 mellitus na sukari yana kare haɗarin haɗarin rikice rikice kuma yana kawo rayuwar mai ciwon sukari kusa da matsakaiciyar cikin mutane masu lafiya.
Ya danganta da matakan diyya, an bambanta nau'ikan cutar ta:
- Sakamakon ciwon sukari mellitus;
- Rage shi;
- An rarrabu.
Compirfafawa ƙasa madaidaici ce tsakanin farkon matakai biyu. Cututtukan ciwon sikila sune mafi haɗari - a wannan matakin ne haɗarin haɓaka rikitattun abubuwa waɗanda ke barazanar rayuwar mai haƙuri musamman.
Me ake buƙatar yi don isa matakin biyan diyya? Gaskiyar ita ce cewa sanannen tsinkaya don lura da ciwon sukari na kowane nau'in koyaushe ya dogara ne kawai ga mai haƙuri da kansa.
Likita na iya yin alƙawura kuma ya ba da shawarwari - amma dole ne mara lafiyar ya yi shi da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ko 2 a kashin kansa. Kuna iya bincika yadda nasarar ke gudana ta hanyar aunawa da alamun masu zuwa:
- Matakan sukari na jini.
- Kasancewar acetone a cikin fitsari.
- Urine glucose
Idan sakamakon ba su gamsu ba, ya kamata a yi gyare-gyare ga tsarin abinci da kuma tsarin kula da insulin.
Mene ne sifofin raunin masu ciwon sukari
Babban aiki mafi mahimmanci game da cutar sankarar mellitus shine dawo da kuma kula da matakin sukari na jini da ya wajaba. Idan an gano nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, ba za a iya raba ƙarin insulin tare da shi ba.
A nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, ba lallai ba ne a yi allurar insulin, in dai an kafa tsarin, abincin yau da kullun ana binsa da kyau kuma ana yin motsa jiki na halatta. Jerin samfuran samfuran da aka yarda da su, yawan su, yawan abincin abincinsu koyaushe ne keɓance daban daban ta likitan halartar. Ana yin la'akari da halayen likita na haƙuri da matakin ayyukan rayuwar sa.
Ko da wane irin nau'in ciwon sukari, mahimman ka'idodin abinci ba su canzawa:
- Cikakken ficewar kayayyakin burodi daga garin alkama mafi inganci, kayan lefe, gishiri, kayan yaji da mai mai yawa;
- Abincin dole ne ya sha magani mai laushi - dafa abinci, tuƙa, tuƙa, matsewa, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, yin burodi a kan gasa ko a cikin tanda. Ya kamata ku watsar da soyayyen kayan abinci da na abinci;
- Dole a rage yawan abinci mai gina jiki a kan ka'idar "mafi sau da yawa, amma kaɗan kaɗan";
- Cikakken ƙin yarda da duk abubuwan da ke cikin karyewar carbohydrates da ke lalacewa - da farko sukari;
- An iyakance amfani da gishiri - ba a wuce gram 12 ba a kowace rana;
- Ana lissafta abun cikin Kalori daidai daga yawan kuzarin da aka kashe, kuma ba ƙari ba.
Ya kamata a fahimta cewa jigilar cutar sankara ba kawai amfanin amfani da abinci ne da aka bayar ba. Jerin abubuwanda suka zama dole kuma sun hada da:
- Kullum sai ka binciki glucose dinka da fitsari.
- Stable psycho-psycho state - danniya a cikin ciwon sukari na kowane nau'in yana da matukar hatsari.
- Aiki na jiki yana tsakanin iyakoki masu karɓa.
Wasannin motsa jiki da yawa, da kuma cikakkiyar rashin aiki, za su cutar da irin wannan cutar. Daidai, yi tafiyar yau da kullun, gajere na safiya, ko darasi na safe. Motsa jiki don motsa jiki ana maraba dasu koyaushe.
Wani lokaci nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 wanda ba za a rama shi ba koda kuwa an bi abincin kuma ana samun isasshen motsa jiki. Don haka babu wani zabi sai dai don fara maganin insulin. Tabbatarwa cewa ladan cutar ta yi nasara zai kasance alamomi masu zuwa:
- "Yunwar" hypoglycemia da safe - daga 0.5 zuwa 5.5 Mmol / l;
- Hawan jini - ba ƙasa da 14090 ba;
- Cholesterol - ba fiye da 5.2 mmol / l ba;
- Hawan jini na jini - daga 6 zuwa 6.5%;
- Cutar da hankali a cikin sa'o'i biyu bayan kowace abinci - daga 7.5 zuwa 8 mmol / l;
- Glycemia a lokacin bacci - daga 6.0 zuwa 7.0 mmol / L.
Dangane da alamu, ana kuma tantance matakan biyan diyya.
Matakan Sakamakon Ciwon Type 1 da Na 2
Matakan biyan diyya sune tabbataccen tabbaci game da yadda ake samun nasarar maganin cutar siga. Idan diyya, kyakkyawar ci gaban abin da ya faru kamar cutar sikila a tsaye yake tsayawa.
Ga waɗanda ke fama da cutar type 1, wannan yana nufin rashin rikice-rikice maras kyau kamar rashin cinikin koda da kuma maganin ciwon sukari. Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, infarction na fitsari ya kusa yanke hukunci.
Tare da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na kowane irin, ko kuma, a wasu kalmomin, an rama wani yanki, haɗarin haɓakar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya na zuciya har yanzu yana da girma.
Decompensated ciwon sukari mellitus sau da yawa haifar da rikitarwa kamar na kullum hyperglycemia. A wannan yanayin, matakin sukari na jini zai iya kasancewa yana wuce gona da iri tsawon lokaci.
Glucose, wanda ke cikin taro a cikin jini, yana shiga cikin halayen sunadarai tare da wasu abubuwa.
Rushewa sannu a hankali na ƙananan tasoshin ruwa da filayen jigilar abubuwa yana farawa ƙarƙashin rinjayar waɗannan halayen. Sakamakon haka, yawancin gabobin suna cutar, da farko idanu da kodan.
Sharuddan Matakan Ma'aikata
A cikin ciwon sukari na mellitus, ya zama dole a ɗauki gwaje-gwaje koyaushe don samun bayyananniyar hanyar da tasiri dabarun magani da aka zaɓa. Jagororin jagora na tantance matakin diyya sune alamu masu zuwa:
- fitsari acetone;
- sukari a cikin fitsari da jini;
- glycated haemoglobin;
- bayanin martaba;
- fructosamine.
Wasu daga cikinsu suna da kyau a bincika dalla dalla.
Glycated Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin wani furotin ne, muhimmin bangare ne na jini, babban aikin shi shine jigilar oxygen zuwa sel. Babban fasalinsa da bambancinsa shine ikon kama ƙwayoyin oxygen da canja wurin su.
Amma a hanya guda, haemoglobin kuma yana iya ɗaukar kwayoyin glucose. Irin wannan fili - glucose + haemoglobin - ana kiranta hawan jini. Ya bambanta da tsawon rayuwa mai tsawo: ba awanni ba, ba kwanaki ba, amma tsawon watanni.
Don haka, ta hanyar gano matakin gemoclobin mai narkewa a cikin jini, yana yiwuwa a samar da matsakaita mai yawan glucose a cikin jini a cikin watanni biyu da suka gabata don haka bin diddigin yanayin cutar. Abin da ya sa wannan mai nuna alama yana da mahimmanci musamman idan kuna son sanin matakin diyya a cikin mai haƙuri tare da nau'in 1 ko nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.
Don kafa taro na haemoglobin a cikin jini, ana amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu:
- Hanyar Immunochemical;
- Ion musayar chromatography.
A farkon bincike, matakan haemoglobin mai narkewa a cikin ingantaccen jiki ya tashi daga 4.5 zuwa 7.5%. A cikin bincike na biyu, 4.5-5.7%. Idan an lura da rama mai kyau, alamarin wannan nau'in haemoglobin a cikin masu ciwon sukari shine kashi 6 - 9%. Menene ma'ana idan, bisa ga sakamakon binciken, ƙwayar haemoglobin mai zurfi ta wuce ƙimar da aka nuna?
Wannan yana nuna cewa an zaɓi dabarun magani da kuskure ne, cewa sukarin jinin mai haƙuri har yanzu yana da yawa, kuma yana haɓaka ciwon sukari. Dalilin na iya zama:
- Rashin cika jadawalin injections na insulin ko isasshen yawan maganin;
- Rashin cin abinci;
- Rashin aikin jiki;
- Yin watsi da takardar likita.
Tunda hadewar haemoglobin da glucose ya kasance cikin jini na dogon lokaci, bincike na biyu ana yin shi ne makonni da yawa bayan gyaran magani.
Fructosamine
Wannan shine mafi nuna mafi mahimmanci mai mahimmanci wanda ake amfani dashi don ƙayyade matakin diyya ga masu ciwon sukari na kowane nau'in. Wannan abu yana faruwa ne ta hanyar daukar sinadarin plasma zuwa glucose. Idan ƙwayar ƙwayar plasma na fructosamine ya karu, wannan yana nuna cewa a cikin 'yan makonnin nan matakan sukari na jini ya wuce al'ada.
Wannan shine, alamomi na abubuwanda ke tattare da maganin fructosamine ba wai kawai don tantance yanayin mai haƙuri sosai ga nau'in 1 ko nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ba, har ma don sanin hanyar cutar.
Matsakaicin al'ada na fructosamine a cikin jini bai wuce 285 μmol / l ba. A wannan yanayin, za a iya yi wa mai haƙuri ta'aziyya - ya sami kyakkyawan diyya ga cutar.
Idan mai nuna alama ya zama mafi girma, zamu iya magana game da haɓakar ciwon sukari mai cike da ƙwaƙwalwa ko lalata. Yana da daraja a tuna da ƙarin haɗarin infarction na zuciya da sauran cututtukan cututtukan zuciya.
Lipidogram
Wannan alamar ba ta da mahimmanci, amma kuma an yi amfani dashi don ƙayyade matakin diyya don cutar. Yana nuna adadin yawan lipids (mai) a cikin gungun jini daban-daban. Lokacin bayar da bincike, hanyar tanada yakan nuna bayanin likita. Don nazarin, ana amfani da hanyar photometric na colometric. Unitsungiyoyi sune millimole kowace lita.
Don yin wannan binciken, an dauki samfurin jini daga jijiya. Kafin wannan ba za ku iya ba:
- Ku ci tsawon awa 12;
- Don shan taba;
- Samun damuwa da damuwa.
Idan har ba a cika wadannan bukatun ba, zai fi kyau a jinkirta bincike. Wannan gwajin zai kuma tantance masu irin wannan alamun a matsayin jimlar cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic coefficient and high, low and low low density lipids.
Idan ƙimar halatta ta wuce, haɗarin cututtuka irin su atherosclerosis, infarction na zuciya, bugun jini, da dysfunction na koda yana ƙaruwa.
Sugar a cikin fitsari da jini
Kulawa da glucose na yau da kullun a cikin fitsari da jini, da kuma acetone a cikin fitsari, shine sharadin yin nasara a jiyya. Ana iya auna sukarin jini a gida ta amfani da na musamman, kuna buƙatar yin wannan aƙalla sau 5 a rana.
Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ma'auni aƙalla sau biyu a rana: kai tsaye bayan farkawa da safe, a kan komai a ciki, kafin cin abinci, da kuma kafin lokacin kwanciya, bayan abincin maraice.
Ko da ya kasance mai yiwuwa a sami raunin mellitus na rama, ana shawarar ci gaba da ziyartar kwararru kamar su likitan zuciya, endocrinologist, likitan hakora, ƙwararrun cututtukan cututtukan fata don binciken yau da kullun.
