Ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce da ke iya haifar da matsanancin cuta a jikin mutum. Sabili da haka, ganowa na zamani na nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 yana da mahimmanci a cikin nasarar ci gaban wannan cuta.
Biyan farko ga masu ciwon suga yana taimakawa hana ci gaban haɗari, kamar lalacewar tasoshin ƙafafu, girgiza ruwan tabarau na ido, lalata ƙwayar koda da ƙari.
Ci gaban ciwon sukari ana nuna shi ta alamun halayyar mutum, 1 kamar ƙishirwa mai tsananin yawa, urination mai yawa, fata mai bushe, gajiya mai narkewa, ɓarna a cikin gani na gani, raunin nauyi mai kaifi, da ƙyallen fata. Koyaya, a farkon cutar, alamun ta na iya zama mai sauƙi, wanda a ciki wanda mai haƙuri zai iya ɗaukar su don bayyanar da wani rashin lafiyar ko kuma kawai a rubuta komai don gajiya.
A saboda wannan dalili, hanya madaidaiciya don gano mai haƙuri da cutar sankarau ita ce ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje. Musamman mahimmanci shine gwajin jini wanda zai baka damar sanin matakin sukari a cikin jiki da sauran alamomi masu mahimmanci.
Hanyoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje na kamuwa da cutar sankarau
Zuwa yau, an samar da hanyoyi da yawa don gano ciwon sukari a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ana iya aiwatar da su don dalilai daban-daban, alal misali, don gano cutar a farkon matakin, don sanin nau'in ciwon sukari da kuma gano matsalolin rikice-rikice.
Lokacin gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje don mellitus na ciwon sukari, mai haƙuri, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana ɗaukar samfurin jini da fitsari don bincike. Nazarin waɗannan magudanan ruwa na jiki ne wanda ke taimaka wajan gano cutar siga a farkon matakan, lokacin da sauran alamun cutar har yanzu ba a rasa su ba.
Hanyoyi don gano cutar mellitus na ciwon sukari sun kasu zuwa asali da ƙari. Babban hanyoyin binciken sun hada da:
- Gwajin sukari na jini;
- Gano jini don yawan gemocosylated haemoglobin;
- Gwajin haƙuri na gwajin jini;
- Binciken kasancewar sukari a cikin fitsari;
- Nazarin fitsari da jini domin kasancewar jikkunan ketone da maida hankali;
- Bayyanar cututtuka na matakan fructosamine.
Additionalarin hanyoyin bincike da suka wajaba don bayyana cutar:
- Yi nazari kan matakin insulin a cikin jini;
- Binciken autoantibodies zuwa sel beta na pancreas wanda ke haifar da insulin;
- Diagnostics na proinsulin;
- Nazarin bincike don ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin;
- Bincike kan IIS-peptide;
- HLA bugawa.
Don shawo kan waɗannan gwaje-gwaje, kuna buƙatar samun wasiƙa daga ƙungiyar endocrinologist. Zai taimaka wa mara lafiya wajen tantance irin cututtukan da yake buƙata ya yi, kuma bayan ya sami sakamakon zai zaɓi dabarun magani mafi dacewa.
Muhimmin mahimmanci don samun sakamako na haƙiƙa shine madaidaiciyar hanyar nazarin. Saboda wannan, duk shawarwari don shirya don ganewar asali ya kamata a kiyaye su sosai. Yana da mahimmanci musamman a bincika mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari mellitus, tunda waɗannan hanyoyin bincike suna da hankali sosai ga ƙananan ƙetarewar yanayin shirye-shiryen.
Gwajin jini na jini
Binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na sukari ya kamata ya fara da gwajin jini don glucose. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙaddamar da wannan bincike. Na farko kuma ya zama na yau da kullun shine azumi da na biyu sa'o'i biyu bayan cin abinci. Hanya ta farko ita ce mafi yawan bayani, sabili da haka, lokacin da ake yin bincike, masana ilimin kimiya na kimiyyar halitta (endocrinologists) suna ba da jagora ga wannan nau'in cutar ta musamman.
Kafin wucewa binciken, dole ne:
- Kada ku sha barasa sa'o'i 24 kafin bayyanar cututtuka;
- Lokaci na ƙarshe da za a ci ba daga baya 8 sa'o'i kafin bincike;
- Kafin bincike, sha ruwa kawai;
- Kada ku goge haƙoranku kafin bayar da gudummawar jini, saboda haƙin haƙoran haƙoran na iya ƙunsar sukari, wanda yake buƙatar tunawa da bakin mucous na bakin. Saboda wannan dalili ne, yakamata ku tauna chem.
Ana iya yin irin wannan bincike da safe kafin karin kumallo. An ɗauke masa jini daga yatsa. A cikin lokuta masu wuya, ana iya buƙatar jinin venous don sanin matakan sukari.
Tsarin sukari na jini ga datti ya kasance daga 3.2 zuwa 5.5 mmol / L. Mai nuna alama na glucose a cikin jikin sama da 6.1 mmol / l yana nuna mummunar takewar metabolism metabolism da kuma yiwuwar ci gaban ciwon sukari.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin Assay
Wannan hanyar gwajin gano cuta ita ce mafi mahimmanci don gano cutar sukari a farkon matakan. Ingancin gwajin HbA1C ya fi kowane nau'in nazari, gami da gwajin sukarin jini.
Gano jini don glycosylated haemoglobin yana ba ku damar sanin matakin sukari a cikin jinin mai haƙuri na dogon lokaci, har zuwa watanni 3. Ganin cewa gwajin sukari yana ba da ra'ayin matakin glucose a cikin jini kawai a lokacin nazarin.
Tattaunawa don glycosylated haemoglobin baya buƙatar shiri na musamman daga mai haƙuri. Ana iya ɗaukar shi a kowane lokaci na rana, a cike da komai a ciki. Sakamakon wannan gwajin ba shi da nasaba da amfani da kowane magunguna (ban da allunan saukar da sukari) da kasancewar mura ko cututtuka masu yaduwa a cikin haƙuri.
Gwajin HbA1C yana tantance nawa haemoglobin a cikin jinin mai haƙuri yana daurewar glucose. Sakamakon wannan bincike yana nunawa cikin kashi.
Sakamakon bincike da mahimmancinsa:
- Har zuwa 5.7% shine madaidaici. Babu alamun ciwon sukari;
- Daga 5.7% zuwa 6.0% wani tsinkaye ne. Wannan yana nuna cewa mai haƙuri yana da cin zarafi a cikin metabolism;
- Daga 6.1 zuwa 6.4 shine ciwon suga. Dole ne mai haƙuri ya ɗauki mataki nan da nan, yana da mahimmanci musamman don canza abincin.
- Sama da 6.4 - ciwon sukari. Ana ci gaba da ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don sanin nau'in ciwon sukari.
Daga cikin kasawan wannan gwajin, ana iya lura da tsadarsa da kuma isa ga mazaunan manyan biranen kawai. Bugu da ƙari, wannan bincike bai dace da mutanen da ke fama da matsalar rashin jini ba, tunda a wannan yanayin sakamakonsa zai kasance kuskure.
Gwajin gwajin haƙuri
Wannan gwajin shine mabuɗin gano cutar guda 2. Ya taimaka wajen ƙididdige adadin insulin ɓoyewar shi, kazalika da tabbatar da yadda ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar cikin gida ke kasancewa da wannan hormone. Don nazarin haƙuri haƙuri, ana amfani da jini mai ɓacin rai.
Domin sakamakon gwajin ya zama mafi daidai, mai haƙuri yakamata ya ƙi cin abinci 12 sa'o'i kafin fara bayyanar cutar. An gudanar da gwajin ne bisa ga makirci kamar haka:
- Da farko, ana ɗaukar gwajin jini mai azumi daga mai haƙuri kuma ana auna matakin sukari na farko;
- Sannan an bai wa mara lafiya 75 g abinci. glucose (kasa da gr g 50 da 100.) kuma bayan mintuna 30 ana sake auna matakin sukari na jini;
- Bugu da kari, ana maimaita wannan hanyar sau uku - bayan minti 60, 90 da 120. Gaba ɗaya, binciken yana tsawan awa 2.
Ana rubuta duk sakamakon gwaji a cikin jadawalin da zai ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ra'ayi daidai game da metabolism na haƙuri. Bayan shan glucose, mai haƙuri yana da haɓaka a cikin sukari na jini, wanda a cikin harshen magani ana kiran shi sashin hyperglycemic. A yayin wannan yanayin, likitoci sun ƙayyade abubuwan da ake amfani da ƙwayar glucose.
A cikin martani ga haɓakar taro a cikin jiki, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta fara samar da insulin, wanda ke taimakawa rage matakan glucose na jini. Likitocin sun kira wannan aikin matakin hypoglycemic. Yana nuna adadin da saurin insulin, kuma yana taimaka wajan tantance yanayin jijiyar sel zuwa wannan hormone din.
Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na ciwon sukari da kuma ciwon sukari a lokacin aiki na hypoglycemic, ana lura da manyan take hakkin metabolism na metabolism.
Irin wannan gwajin kyakkyawar kayan aiki ne don gano ciwon sukari a farkon cutar, lokacin da yake kusan asymptomatic.
Fitsari na gwajin sukari
Dangane da lokacin tarin kayan halitta, wannan bincike ya kasu kashi biyu - safe da yau da kullun. Sakamakon ingantaccen sakamako yana baka damar samun gwajin fitsari kullun, wanda ya shafi tarin duk fitsari a cikin sa'o'i 24.
Kafin ka fara tattara kayan don bincike, kana buƙatar shirya kwantena. Don farawa, ya kamata ku ɗauki kwalban lita uku, ku wanke shi da sabul ɗin wanka, sa'an nan kuma kurkura da ruwan da aka dafa. Hakanan wajibi ne a yi tare da kwandon filastik wanda za'a kwashe dukkan fitsari da aka tattara zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Kada a tattara fitsari na farko da safe, tunda don karatunsa akwai nau'in bincike daban - safe. Don haka, tarin ƙwayoyin halitta dole ne a fara da tafiya ta biyu zuwa bayan gida. Kafin wannan, kuna buƙatar wanke kanku sosai tare da sabulu ko gel. Wannan zai hana shigowa da kwayoyi daga kwayoyin halittar cikin fitsari.
Ranar kafin tara fitsari don bincike ya kamata:
- Ku nisanci ƙoƙari na jiki;
- Guji damuwa
- Babu samfuran samfuran da zasu iya canza launi fitsari, sune: beets, 'ya'yan itacen citrus, buckwheat.
Gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje na fitsari na taimaka wajan tantance adadin sukarin da ke jikin mutum a kowace rana. A cikin mutum mai lafiya, matakin glucose a cikin fitsari bai wuce 0.08 mmol / L ba. Wannan adadin sukari a cikin fitsari yana da matukar wahala a tantance amfani da ko da hanyoyin bincike dakin gwaje-gwaje na zamani. Sabili da haka, ana karɓar gabaɗaya cewa a cikin mutane masu lafiya babu glucose a cikin fitsari.
Sakamakon binciken sukari da ke cikin fitsari:
- A ƙasa 1.7 mmol / L shine al'ada. Wannan sakamakon, kodayake ya wuce alamta na yau da kullun don mutanen da ke da lafiya, ba alamar cutar ba ce;
- 1.7 zuwa 2.8 mmol / L - tsinkayar cutar sankara. Dole ne a dauki matakan da suka dace don rage sukari;
- Sama da 2.8 - ciwon sukari.
Endocrinologists sunyi la'akari da kasancewar glucose a cikin fitsari ya zama ɗayan farkon farkon alamun ciwon sukari. Sabili da haka, irin wannan bincike yana taimaka wajan gano asali na mara lafiya.
Nazarin Mataki na Fructosamine
Fructosamine wani abu ne wanda ke inganta hulɗar sukari tare da ƙirar plasma jini. Ta hanyar ƙayyade adadin fructosamine, za'a iya gano matakan haɓaka glucose a cikin jinin mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari. Saboda haka, ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in maganin don yin cikakken ganewar asali.
Don ƙayyade matakin fructosamine, gwaje-gwajen jini na biochemical yana taimakawa. Tsarin ilimin halittar jini wani bincike ne mai rikitarwa, saboda haka ya zama dole a dauke shi a kan komai a ciki. Ana yin gwajin jini don sukari na sunadarai ta musamman a kan aikin outpatient.
Haka kuma, tsakanin abinci na karshe da kuma samfurin jini ya kamata ya wuce awanni 12. Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau a sha wannan nau'in binciken cututtukan da safe bayan barci.
Barasa na iya shafar sakamakon gwaji, don haka shaye-shaye na ƙarshe ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da kwana ɗaya kafin nazarin. Bugu da kari, don samun sakamako na haƙiƙa, ba da shawarar shan taba sigari nan da nan kafin gwajin.
Sakamakon bincike
- Daga 161 zuwa 285 - ka'ida;
- Sama da 285 - ciwon sukari.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wasu lokuta ana lura da fructosamine a cikin marasa lafiya tare da hypothyroidism da gazawar koda. A ƙarshe, muna ba da bidiyo a wannan labarin tare da taken maganin cutar ciwon sukari.
