Ana samun daidaitaccen glucose na plasma a cikin kusan dukkanin mutanen da ke da lafiya, kuma duk wani karkacewa daga ciki na iya nuna ci gaban mummunan ciwo. Aiki na yau da kullun na carbohydrate metabolism yana da mahimmanci ga jikin mutum duka. Carbohydrates ne wanda ke taimakawa wajen kula da lafiyar kuzarin jiki da samar da kwakwalwa ga abubuwan gina jiki.
Idan akwai matsalar rashin daidaituwa na glucose, wani hauhawar alama a cikin jini a cikin jini yana faruwa, wanda zai haifar da ciwon sukari. Wannan cutar babban haɗari ne ga ɗan adam, saboda yana iya tayar da haɓakar ci gaba da rikitarwa masu yawa.
Amma don gano ciwon sukari a cikin lokaci, yana da mahimmanci a san abin da matakin glucose a cikin jini na jini - yana al'ada, ƙara ko raguwa. Koyaya, da farko kuna buƙatar sanin waɗanne alamomin glucose ne al'ada kuma wanne sabawa game da al'ada.
Plasma glucose
Glucose yana shiga jikin mutum da yawancin abincin da ke da wadataccen carbohydrates, watau sucrose, fructose, sitaci, cellulose, lactose da sauran nau'ikan sugars. Yayin aikin narkewar abinci, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar enzymes, suna rushe zuwa glucose, wanda ya ratsa cikin jini kuma, tare da jini, ana ba da shi ga dukkanin ƙirar jikin.
Amma kwayoyin glucose basu iya shiga cikin jikin mutum da kansa kuma hakan zai basu abinci mai mahimmanci da kuzari. A cikin wannan, insulin na hormone yana taimaka mata, wanda ke sa membrane tantanin halitta ya zama daidai. Sabili da haka, tare da rashin insulin, zaku iya samun ciwon sukari.
A cikin cututtukan sukari, matakan glucose na plasma sau da yawa suna tashi zuwa matakai masu girma sosai, wanda ake kira hyperglycemia a cikin harshen magani. Wannan halin yana da matukar hadari ga mutane, saboda yana iya haifar da mummunan sakamako, har zuwa aarma.
Yin azumi sugar:
- A cikin yaran da aka haifa kafin lokacin - 1-3,2 mmol / l;
- A cikin jarirai a ranar farko ta rayuwa - 2.1-3.2 mmol / l;
- A cikin yara daga wata 1 zuwa shekara 5 - 2.6-4.3 mmol / l,
- A cikin yara daga 5 zuwa 14 shekara - 3.2-5.5 mmol / l;
- A cikin manya daga 14 zuwa 60 shekara - 4.0-5.8 mmol / l;
- Daga shekaru 60 zuwa 90 - 4.5-6.3 mmol / l;
- Daga shekara 90 da haihuwa - 4.1-6.6 mmol / l.
Masu nuna alamun glucose jini a cikin dattijo daga 5.9 zuwa 6.8 mmol / l suna nuna kasancewar ciwon suga. A cikin wannan yanayin mai haƙuri, ana lura da alamun farko na cin zarafin metabolism, sabili da haka, ana kiran mafi yawan kwayoyin cutar harbinger na ciwon sukari.
Idan matakin glucose na plasma ya tashi zuwa matakin 6.9 mmol / L ko sama da haka, to a cikin wannan yanayin ana gano mai haƙuri da ciwon sukari mellitus kuma an wajabta magani. Yana taimaka wa mai haƙuri da aminci gwargwadon matakin glucose a cikin jini don haka ya guji rikitarwa mai wuya.
Amma a wasu lokuta matakan sukari na plasma a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari na iya tashi zuwa 10 mmol / l a kan komai a ciki, wanda shine mahimmancin mahimmanci. Duk wani wuce haddi na wannan alamar yana da haɗari matuƙar haɗari ga ɗan adam kuma yana nuna ci gaban hauhawar jini.
Wannan yanayin na iya haifar da hyperglycemic, ketoacidotic da cope hymorosmolar.
Bayyanar cutar glucose a cikin jini
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don gano matakan glucose na plasma - azumi da bayan cin abinci. Ana iya amfani dasu duka don gano nau'in 1 da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, da kuma ga wasu cututtuka tare da karuwa da sukari na jini, alal misali, cin zarafi a cikin ayyukan glandar adrenal.
Gwajin jini na azumi yana taimakawa gano yadda jikin mai haƙuri yake adana glucose, wanda abinci baya ci shi, amma ƙwayoyin hanta suna ɓoye shi azaman glycogen. Sau daya cikin jini, wannan kayan yana canzawa zuwa glucose kuma yana taimakawa hana raguwar raguwar sukari cikin jini tsakanin abinci. Amma a cikin masu ciwon sukari, glycogen na iya haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin glucose na jini.
Yadda ake gudanar da bincike game da cutar glucose din plasma mai azumi:
- Kafin bincike, dole ne ku guji cin abinci. Abincin da ya gabata yakamata ya kasance ba a bayan sa'o'i 12 kafin bayyanar cutar. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a gudanar da bincike da safe kafin karin kumallo;
- A wannan halin, an haramta cin abinci da dare ko da safe, saboda wannan na iya shafar sakamakon binciken;
- Saboda dalili iri ɗaya, ba a ba da shawarar sha kofi, shayi ko wasu abubuwan sha. Da safe kafin bincike, ya fi kyau a sha gilashin ruwa mai tsabta;
- Wasu likitoci suna ba da shawara ga marassa lafiya da kada su goge haƙoran haƙoransu don ware duk wani tasiri akan sukari na jini;
- Ana ɗaukar jini don wannan bincike daga yatsa, ba sau da yawa sau da yawa daga jijiya;
- Dukkanin sakamako sama da 5.8 mmol / L ana daukar su karkacewa daga al'ada kuma suna nuna cin zarafi a cikin shan glucose. Daga 5.9 zuwa 6.8 mmol / L wanda ke fama da ciwon suga, daga 6.9 kuma mafi girma ciwon sukari mellitus;
Idan mai haƙuri yana da alamun cutar mellitus na ciwon sukari, amma gwajin jini mai azumi bai bayyana manyan karkacewa daga ƙa'idar ba, to a cikin wannan halin an aika shi don bincike game da tsarin sukari. Wannan nau'in bincike yana taimakawa gano ƙetare a cikin shan glucose bayan cin abinci.
Idan matakin sukari na jinin mutum ya kasance al'ada a kan komai a ciki, amma ya tashi bayan ya ci abinci, to wannan alama ce ta ci gaban insulin juriya, wato, rashin kulawar kwayar halittar insulin. Irin wannan jijiyoyin a cikin glucose din plasma ana yawan ganin su a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na 2.
Sabili da haka, nazarin tsarin sukari shine mafi mahimmancin nau'in ganewar asali don gano ciwon sukari wanda ba shi da insulin.
Yaya ake gano cutar suga ta plasma:
- Shiri don bincike ya zama iri ɗaya daidai kamar yadda ake amfani da hanyar bincike na sama;
- Ana ɗaukar samfurin farko na jini a cikin komai a ciki, don auna matakan glucose na plasma kafin abinci;
- Sannan ana ba mai haƙuri magani mai dadi don sha, wanda aka shirya ta hanyar narke 75 g. glucose a cikin 30 ml na ruwa;
- Ana ɗaukar samfurin jini na gaba minti 30 bayan mai haƙuri ya sha maganin glucose. Ya nuna yadda sukari a cikin jiki ke tashi bayan monosaccharides sun shiga shi;
- Bayan wasu mintuna 30, mai haƙuri kuma ya sake ba da jini don bincike. Yana ba ku damar sanin amsar jikin mutum game da karuwar yawan glucose a cikin jini da kuma yadda mai haƙuri yake haifar da insulin;
- Sannan ana ɗaukar ƙarin samfurori na jini 2 daga mai haƙuri kowane minti 30.
A cikin mutumin da ke da ƙwayar metabolism na al'ada, a yayin wannan ganewar asali, tsalle-tsalle a cikin sukari na jini bai wuce 7.6 mmol / L ba. Wannan nuna alama shine al'ada kuma kowane wuce haddi ana ɗauka alama ce ta haɓakar insulin juriya.
A cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari wanda ke faruwa tare da lalacewa a cikin hankalin jijiyoyin cikin gida zuwa insulin, sukari na plasma ya fi 7.7 mmol / L, amma bai wuce 11.0 mmol / L ba. Wannan yanayin yana buƙatar ɗaukar dukkanin matakan da suka dace don hana ci gaban ciwon sukari.
Idan yayin binciken an gano cewa matakin glucose a cikin jinin mai haƙuri ya kasance a matakin 11.1 mmol / l ko sama da haka, to ana gano shi da nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Don tabbatar da wannan cutar, ana iya rubuta mai haƙuri a cikin gwajin insulin a cikin plasma.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a cikin ciwon sukari na nau'i na biyu, matakin insulin a cikin jinin mai haƙuri yawanci yayi daidai da al'ada ko ma ya zarce shi.
Haƙiƙar ita ce cewa tare da wannan cuta, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta ɓoye adadin insulin, amma saboda dalilai daban-daban, ƙwayoyin suna zama rigakafi ga wannan hormone.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin Assay
Cutar sankara ba koyaushe ke haifar da ƙara yawan sukari ba. Sabili da haka, yawancin masana ilimin kimiya na endocrinologists sunyi la'akari da sakamakon bincike don matakan glucose a cikin jini plasma bai isa ba don yin binciken daidai. Don binciken karshe na ciwon sukari, an aika mai haƙuri don bincike don glycosylated haemoglobin.
Irin wannan binciken yana taimakawa wajen sanin yawan haemoglobin a cikin jinin mai haƙuri da alama yana da alaƙa da glucose. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa tsawon lokacin da mai haƙuri yake fama da sukari jini, mafi girma adadin ƙwayoyin haemoglobin suna amsawa tare da monosaccharides.
Kuma tun da tsawon rayuwar kwayar halittar haemoglobin akalla watanni 4 ne, wannan hanyar bincike tana ba ku damar samun bayanai kan matakin glucose a cikin jini ba kawai a ranar bincike ba, amma don watannin da suka gabata.
Sakamakon bincike na gwajin haemoglobin:
- Norm har zuwa kashi 5.7;
- Ya karu daga 5.7% zuwa 6.0%;
- Cutar sukari daga 6.1 zuwa 6.4;
- Ciwon sukari daga guda 6.4 da sama.
Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai wasu dalilai da yawa waɗanda zasu iya shafar yawan haɗuwar glucose a cikin jiki har ma da haifar da hyperglycemia. Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan sune cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban na tsarin endocrine da ƙwayar gastrointestinal.
Dalilin da yasa glucose na plasma na iya ƙaruwa:
- Pheochromocytoma - wani kumburi na adrenal gland shine yake faruwa, wanda ke tsokani haɓakar ƙwayar jijiyoyin baƙi, na haifar da haɓakar glycogen;
- Cutar ta Cushing - tana haifar da lalacewar glandon ƙwayar cuta, wanda shima yana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar samar da corticosteroids;
- Cutar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta Pancreatic - wannan cuta na iya haifar da mutuwar ƙwayoyin β-sel waɗanda ke haifar da insulin kuma ƙarshe haifar da ciwon sukari mellitus;
- Ciwan hanta da hepatitis na dindindin - yawanci sanadin hawan jini shine cutar hanta mai tsanani;
- Shan magungunan glucocorticosteroid - tsawaita amfani da waɗannan magunguna na iya haifar da ciwon sukari na steroid;
- Mai tsananin damuwa ko raɗaɗin baƙin ciki - ƙwarewa mai ƙarfi na ruhaniya galibi yana haifar da ƙaruwa a cikin glucose na jini;
- Yawan shan barasa - mutanen da suke yawan shan giya suna da matukar hadarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari;
- Cutar maleriya - a wannan lokacin, mata da yawa suna haɓaka sukarin jini.
Taimako, ya kamata a lura cewa sanadin da ke haifar da ƙara yawan glucose na plasma shine ciwon sukari. Amma akwai wasu dalilai waɗanda zasu iya haifar da irin wannan karkacewa ga tsarin al'ada.
Sabili da haka, don sanin ciwon sukari ta plasma, ya zama dole don ware duk wasu cututtukan da zasu iya ƙara yawan haɗuwa da glucose a cikin jini.
