Yaƙi da ƙwararrun atherosclerosis a yau babban fifiko ne ga daukacin ƙungiyar likitocin zamani. A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), wannan cuta tana cikin farkon tsakanin abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar zuciya da mafi yawan mace-mace. Kusan koyaushe, canje-canje atherosclerotic sune tushen bugun jini, bugun zuciya, ƙwayar trophic da sauran cututtuka.
Atherosclerosis cuta ce da ke cikin ciki da ta tsakiyar jijiyar ta hanyar kwalara, kuzarin kyauta da triglycerides, sai kuma rikicewar jinsi a cikin wani sashin jiki ko tsoka.
Akwai dabaru dabaru guda biyu don bayyanuwar atherosclerosis, kowannensu yana da hakkin rayuwa. Na farko shine hemodynamic, ko ka'idar lalacewa. Yana mai cewa abin da ke haifar da kitse mai kitse ya saba wa amincin jirgin ruwan. Wannan na iya faruwa saboda tuntuɓar wakili mai kamuwa da cuta (ƙwayar cuta, mycoplasma, naman gwari, ƙwayoyin cuta), mamayar parasitic, raunin rauni, rashin lafiyar jiki, jiki na waje (nau'ikan nau'ikan radiation) ko sinadarai (ƙwayoyi tare da tasirin cytotoxic, ƙari na abinci, gubobi ) Cutar hawan jini, wanda shine ɗayan manyan abubuwanda ke haifar da juna, sun banbanta da mahallin wannan ka'idar. Bayan wannan, yiwuwar bangon tantanin halitta yana canzawa, kuma yawan lipid yana zama mafi sauƙin shiga ciki.
Na biyu, na rayuwa ko mai karba, yana sanya etiology a saman lalacewar mai da karuwar narkewar metabolism, ma'amala na rashin daidaituwa tsakanin metabolites tare da masu karɓa mai mahimmanci a saman jirgin ruwa. Tsarin neurohumoral kyakkyawa na yanayin membrane ya lalace, kuma ƙwayar endothelial na bango ya zama wuri mai sauƙi don ɗibar lipid.
Waɗanne canje-canje ne ke faruwa a bangon hawan jini?
Pathogenesis na cutar rikice-rikice ne na daidaituwa na rashin wadataccen lipoproteins (LDL) da girma mai yawa (HDL). Suna canja wurin cholesterol don aiki a cikin tsari mai aiki domin ya iya shiga cikin abubuwan da ake kira hormones da phospholipids na jiki. Amma idan dangantakar da ke tsakanin HDL da LDL ta lalace kamar yadda 4 zuwa 1, enzymes na amfani da gazawa kuma mai mai cutarwa ya shiga cikin ragar da ake kewaya.
A lokaci guda, nau'ikan sufuri mai girma yana ɗaukar lipid mai lalata zuwa ƙwayar adipose ko ma cire shi a waje.
Tare da rashin daidaituwa, ya fara ɓacewa, saboda haka ana jinkirta abubuwan metabolites gabaɗaya, musamman a cikin choroid - wannan shine maganin cututtukan tsari.
Haɓaka canje-canje da ba a canzawa ba ya faru nan da nan, a nan an bambanta tsarin aiwatarwa:
- Tsarin Dolipid. Yanzu babu lalacewa ko disorganization kamar haka, kawai kadan mucoid kumburi, hypercholesterolemia (babban cholesterol a cikin jini) da kuma ƙara yawan tasirin bangon sel. Amma yanzu dalilai masu haɗari - kiba, ciwon sukari, cututtukan thyroid, shan sigari, salon tsinkaye, hawan jini - fara tsananta halin da komai ke gudana zuwa mataki na gaba.
- Matakan Lipid, lipoidosis. Lokacin da kuda suka shiga tantanin, yakan rasa aikinsa kuma ya rasa cikakkiyar amsa ga shigarwar ciki. Shellwan da ke kumbura yanzu ya ƙunshi kumatun kumfa, kuma ana kiran tantanin da kansa xanthoma, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "rawaya." Tare da ido tsirara, zaku iya gano maɓoɓin man shafawa da rafukanda ke rufe jirgin. Ko da a wannan matakin, ana iya aiwatar da ingantaccen yaƙi da atherosclerosis tare da hanyoyin likita. Yin rigakafin zai kuma taimaka wajen jira ba ci gaba ba game da ci gaban cututtukan cuta.
Mataki na ƙarshe shine atheromatosis da ƙarin rikice-rikice. Lokacin da infiltrate ya riga ya shiga cikin tantanin halitta, jerin abubuwan amsawa na jiki suna farawa, wanda ke kara dagula tsarin. Ginin pamlet a shafin yanar gizon atherosclerosis yana haifar da hauhawar jini da kuma ƙarin karfin gwiwa, da ke sa bakin cikin lumen.
Thearkewar fibrin filaments babu makawa yana haifar da lalata lambobi na musamman waɗanda ke jigilar jirgin ruwa, kuma a wurinsa akwai ingantaccen ƙwayar haɗin nama. A sakamakon haka, tsarin da aka kirkira zai iya fitar da ruwan gishiri, wanda hakan zai sanya shi yin aikin tiyata. Hakanan zai yiwu katsewar jirgin ruwa, wanda a cikin yanayin babban bututun ƙarfe, irin su aorta, kusan ba makawa yana kaiwa ga mutuwa.
Wataƙila rauni na rauni.
Tsarin zamani na atherosclerosis
Rarrabuwa ya samo asali ne daga asalin tushen abin da ke cikin plaque.
Sakamakon da magani ya dogara da wurin da aka fi mayar da hankali.
Dole ne a yi la’akari da wurin da aka fassara lokacin da ake bincika matsala.
Babban wuraren lalacewar sun hada da:
- Aorta. A wannan yanayin, mafi girman jijiya shine jirgin ruwa na jikin mutum. Saboda wannan, yana rasa elasticity, ikon sa na amsa sassauya ga canje-canje a cikin bugun zuciya da hawan jini. Bango ya zama mai wahala da tarko. Sau da yawa tare da wannan bambance bambancen cutar, ƙananan, matsa lamba na diastolic yakan tashi, saboda juriya na gudanawar jini yana ƙaruwa. Sakamakon mai yiwuwa shine hauhawar jini, na jijiyoyin jini da rushewarsa.
- Jijiyoyin jini na jijiyoyin jini. Waɗannan tasoshin ne waɗanda ke wadatar da zuciya - ɗayan ƙwayoyin tsoka da aka cinye su sosai dangane da abubuwan gina jiki da iskar oxygen. Lokacin da zagayawa cikin jini a cikin myocardium ya ragu, hypoxia yana ƙaruwa, wucewa cikin lalata ischemic. Wannan yana haifar da babban cutar tsofaffi - infarction myocardial.
- Kwakwalwa. Idan atherosclerosis ya faru a cikin ɗakunan janar ko na jijiya na carotid, da kuma vertebral, suna magana game da tsarin cerebral. Kwayar cutar a cikin wannan yanayin bazai bayyana kanta da sauri ba, amma menacingly - ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, barci, daidaituwa, ayyukan fahimi. Sakamakon thrombogenic na filayen atherosclerotic zai iya haifar da thromboembolism na cerebral, bugun jini na ischemic.
Hakanan ɗayan manyan wuraren lalacewa sune tasoshin kafafu. Atherosclerosis obliterans na ƙananan ƙarshen yana kawo mai haƙuri babban rashin jin daɗi saboda bayyanar cututtukan da aka furta.
Physiology shine kasala mafi kyau na acid daga tsokoki na kafafu, wanda aka samo bayan motsa jiki azaman samfurori iri-iri. Wannan yafi lactic acid. Irin wannan mara lafiya ba zai iya yin nisa mai nisa ba saboda zafin da ba za a iya jurewa ba wanda yake wucewa bayan tsayawa.
A cikin maganganun ci gaba, jin zafi yana kasancewa a kusa da agogo kuma yana ƙaruwa da dare, kuma an rufe ƙafaɗun jini tare da raunuka masu launin ja-rawaya da cututtukan trophic.
Wannan ya kasance wata alama ce ta kai tsaye don yankewa, amma a zamanin yau akwai hanyoyin endovascular na zamani don hana ƙwayoyin ƙoshin laushi.
Siffofin cutar tare da lalacewar koda
Wataƙila ci gaba da rashin lafiya a cikin jijiyoyin bugun jini na kodan.
Arteriarenalis, wanda ke ɗaukar jini zuwa koda, yana da ɗayan jini mafi yawa don kula da tacewa ta al'ada. Saboda haka, yana daya daga cikin na farkon fara binciken cututtukan cuta.
A wannan yanayin, tashin hankali na jini na vasorenal yana farawa - hauhawar hauhawar hauhawar jini. Irin wannan alamar ita ce gargaɗin farko game da haɓakar atherosclerosis na artal koda.
Hakanan za'a iya shafa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Thrombosis na waɗannan tasoshin cike da jini wanda ke ciyar da hanjin nan ba makawa yana haifar da kumburi mai kumburi - ƙwayar hanji.
Alamar farko ta cutar ita ce "toad na ciki" - mummunan raunin ciki, mai kama da colic.
A kan sikelin rauni, rarrabuwa kamar haka:
- An daidaita shi (har zuwa 6% na kaurin bango, har zuwa 12% na yankin endothelium, kuma har zuwa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na jirgin ruwa a tsayi an haɗa su a cikin aikin jiyya).
- Mai tsananin rauni (ƙasa da 50% na duka kaurin bangon ya shafa).
- Yayyana (infiltration shiga fiye da 50% daga kauri, bi da bi)
Asibitin yana buƙatar tantance yadda lalacewar ƙwayar ischemic ta tafi.
Dangane da waɗannan bayanan, ƙirar asibiti kamar haka.
Canje-canje a cikin gabobin maɓallin ba mahimmanci bane, amma ana lura da wuraren lalacewar ischemic. Mai tsananin wahala, zubar jini a kasa na al'ada.
Dangane da kasancewar thrombosis, akwai cututtukan ƙwayoyin tsoka da ƙanana da manya, bayyanuwar asibiti daga lalacewar gabobin da aka yi niyya, wata alama mai nuna alama. Ciwon jijiyoyin bugun gini da kuma lalacewar tsarin garkuwar jiki. Ana iya ganin sikeli a farfaɗinsu, basur a cikin rauni, parenchyma.
Jiyya da rigakafin cutar
Kafin yanke shawara kan dabaru da warkar da mara lafiyar, ƙwararren likitan ya kayyade dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman da kayan aikin gwaji.
Suna ba da zarafin tattara cikakkun bayanai game da ci gaban cutar.
A cikin aiwatar da bincike ƙayyade ainihin wurin, matakin lalacewa da duk bayanan tarihin likita da suka dace.
Ana gudanar da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Tarin bayanai, koke-koke marasa lafiya da jarrabawa gaba daya.
- Gwajin jini na kwayoyin halitta don gano yawan cholesterol, HDL, LDL, chylomicrons, kewaya triglycerides kyauta, alamun alamun lalacewar gabobin da aka yi niyya (huhu, hanta, kodan, zuciya, kwakwalwa).
- Ultrasonography (duban dan tayi) ta amfani da tasirin Doppler. Wannan hanyar tana sa ya yiwu a gano asalin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar, da matsayin ci gabanta, keɓancewa, matakin iskar ƙima, da amfani da gudan jini, saurin sa, da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin jini.
- Angiography azaman shiri don saƙo na tiyata, saboda tare da shi, abubuwan da mutum ya tsara yadda tsarin jijiyoyin jini ke gani.
- MRI mai taushi.
Idan matakin cutar ya kasance da wuri, to ko da rigakafin cancanta na iya yin tasiri. Ya haɗa da dakatar da shan sigari, cin abinci mai yawa na antioxidants a cikin nau'i na bitamin, fiber, prophylactic amfani da ƙananan allurai na giya don narkewa da filayen atherosclerotic, matsakaiciyar motsa jiki don inganta wurare dabam dabam, maganin rage cin abinci, iyakance ƙima mai gishiri da gishiri a cikin abinci, da kuma amfani da magungunan ganye tinctures da kayan ado.
Idan cutar ta yi nisa kuma tana cike da rikice-rikice, to ana amfani da irin waɗannan magunguna:
- Masu hana daukar ciki na cholesterol (cholestyramine).
- Abubuwan da ke hana mahaɗa da canzawa kwayar cholesterol a cikin jiki (Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin) magani ne wanda aka saba amfani dashi tare da tushe mai yawa na tushen.
- Stimulants na metabolism da excretion na cholesterol daga jiki (Essentiale).
- Magunguna waɗanda ke zaɓar ƙananan triglycerides na jini (Fenofibrate, Nicotinic acid).
- Antioxidants kai tsaye (tocopherol - bitamin E, ascorbic acid - bitamin C).
- Magungunan kwayoyi marasa daidaituwa (methionine, glutamic acid).
- Angioprotectors (Prodectin, Dicinon, Quertin).
Yin tiyata don lura da atherosclerosis tare da babban digiri na yiwuwar cire mai haƙuri gaba ɗaya daga yanayin barazanar, yana barin shi daga baya kawai don sarrafa abinci da kuma kula da tasoshin jini a al'ada. Yin tiyata shine balloon angioplasty ko stenting.
An tattauna abubuwan da ke haifar da rarrabuwa da atherosclerosis a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
