A cikin lura da ciwon sukari, ana amfani da nau'ikan insulin. Akwai ƙwayoyi da yawa da suka bambanta a cikin halayen kansu na insulin, don haka waɗannan kwayoyi ba koyaushe ne masu musayar su ba.
Kowane nau'in insulin yana da lokacin aikinsa da kololuwar aiki. Likita ya kayyade mafi kyawun insulin da nau'ikanta a kowane yanayi, gwargwadon tsananin ciwon sukari da cututtuka masu alaƙa.
Kafin a samar da tsari na insulin allurar mutum, yana da muhimmanci a san irin nau'ikan insulin da menene tasirin su ga jikin mai haƙuri.
Harkokin insulin
Kwayar tana rufe kullun 35-50 na insulin dare da rana, wannan shine kashi 0.6-1.2 a kowace kilo kilogram na nauyin jiki. 1 na insulin yayi daidai da microgram 36 (mcg) ko 0.036 mg.
Basal insulin ɓoye yana ba da glycemia da metabolism tsakanin abinci da lokacin bacci. Har zuwa kashi 50% na yawan samar da insulin din yau da kullum ana yinsa da insulin.
Abincin abinci mai gina jiki na insulin shine haɓakar ƙwayar jini bayan cin abinci, wanda ke tabbatar da tsinkayen hyperglycemia "bayan cin abinci" da kuma sha na carbohydrates. Yawan insulin na rage cin abinci yayi daidai da adadin carbohydrates din da aka cinye.
Samun insulin ya bambanta da lokacin rana. Bukatar wannan kwayar ta girma da safe, daga misalin karfe 4 na safe, sannan a hankali ya ragu.
Lokacin karin kumallo, ana samar da raka'a insulin 1.5-2.5 na 10-12 g na carbohydrates.
1.0-1.2 da 1.1-1.3 raka'a suna ɓoye na adadin adadin carbohydrates dare da maraice.
Tsarin insulin
Da farko, anyi amfani da insulin na asalin dabba. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masana kimiyya sun sami damar samun wannan kwayoyin ta hanyar kimiya tare da babban matakin tsarkakewa. A cikin 1983, an yi amfani da insulin na wucin gadi a cikin magani, kuma an haramta insulin dabbobi.
Ka'idar ƙirƙirar ƙwayar cuta shine sanya kayan aikin kwayoyin a cikin sel waɗanda ba su cikin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na E. coli ko yisti Bayan irin wannan bayyanar, kwayoyin cuta da kansu suna samar da kwayoyin.
Abubuwan insulins na zamani sun bambanta dangane da fallasa da kuma jerin amino acid. Dangane da matsayin tsarkakewa, sune:
- na gargajiya
- dodo,
- kararrawa.
Akwai nau'ikan abinci guda biyu ko na insulin gajere:
- Short insulin: Biogulin R, Actrapid NM, Monodar, Humodar R, Actrapid MS, Monosuinsulin MK,
- Ultrashort insulin: Insulin Glulisin (Apidra), Insulin Lizpro (Humalog).
Magunguna masu aiki na yau da kullun ko magungunan basal suna da dogon aiki da kuma matsakaici na tsawon lokaci. Daga cikin na kowa:
- insulin,
- insulin zinc da sauransu.
Akwai magunguna waɗanda suka haɗa da hanzarin insulins da kwayoyi na dogon lokaci - cakuda insulins. Ana amfani dasu don maganin insulin na nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 na mellitus.
Hakanan ana haɗuwa da cakuda insulins cikin lura da masu cutar irin ta 1 na gargajiya.
Ultrashort insulin
A wasu yanayi, insulin ultrashort wani nau'in injiniya ne wanda yake fara aiki da zaran an shigar dashi cikin jikin mutum, wannan ya zama dole don encephalopathy. Ayyukan yana ƙaruwa, yawanci bayan sa'a daya da rabi kuma yana zuwa awa huɗu.
Ana sarrafa insulin Ultrashort ne kawai bayan abinci ko kafin. Wannan nau'in ya hada da:
- Insulin sa,
- Sabon Rapid
- Insulin Humalog.
Sakamakon wannan nau'in insulin sananne ne ga masu ciwon sukari da yawa. Ana iya bayyana tasirin sakamako bayan gudanarwa nan da nan ko kuma ba a bayyana kwata-kwata. Lokacin da suka faru, yana da mahimmanci a nemi likita kai tsaye.
Wadanne nau'in insulin daga zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su an fi amfani dasu, likitan ya yanke shawara a kowane yanayi.
Sakamakonsu ya dogara da yanayin mai haƙuri, tsawon lokacin amfani da abubuwanda ake dasu.
Short insulin
Short ko sauki insulin ya fara aiki bayan minti 20-30. Yana girma na tsawon awanni 2-3 bayan gudanar da maganin, kuma jimlar aikin shine 5-6 awanni.
Ana gudanar da insulin na ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin abinci, kuna buƙatar tsayayya da dakatarwa tsakanin allura da ɗaukar abinci a cikin minti na 10-15.
Wajibi ne cewa lokacin cin abinci ya haɗu tare da ƙayyadadden lokaci na kayan. Gyara, ingantacciyar halittar jiki, gajeran hancin da ke da ƙananan tasirin sune:
- Insulan Actrapid,
- Tsarin Humulin "da sauransu.
Ga tambayar me yasa aka yi amfani da wannan ko wannan insulin, likitan da ke halartar ya kamata ya amsa.
Matsayin insulin an ƙaddara shi ne bisa halayen mutum na masu ciwon sukari.
Matsakaici Insulin
Lokacin nazarin nau'ikan insulin, abubuwa tare da matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki ya kamata a nuna. Waɗannan su ne insulins, sakamakon wanda ya kai tsawon sa'o'i 12-14.
Ana buƙatar insulin na matsakaici ba fiye da injections 1-2 a kowace rana ba. Mafi sau da yawa, ana yin allura tare da tazara tsakanin 8-12 hours, suna taimakawa bayan sa'o'i 2-3. Wannan tasirin maganin yana faruwa ne sakamakon babban sakamako akan jikin mutum. Matsakaici insulin ba wai kawai nau'in injiniya bane, har ma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar jini.
Ana jin mafi girman tasirin bayan awa 6-8. Matsayi na matsakaiciyar matsakaici sun hada da:
- Protafan
- Insulan Humulin NPH,
- Humodar br da sauransu.
Wanne daga cikinsu zaiyi aiki mafi kyau kuma me yasa, likita ya yanke shawara, dangane da tarihin likita. Abubuwan sakamako suna da wuya kuma bayan tsawan amfani.
Game da rarrabuwa
Ana iya sanin insulin a cikin sharuddan rarrabuwa. Wannan rarrabuwar da za'ayi ta asalin asalin abubuwan.
Abun da ake kira shanu an samo shi ne daga cututtukan garkunan shanu. Abubuwan sun bambanta da yanayin analog na mutum, halayen rashin lafiyan lokuta sukan same shi. Wadannan kwayoyi sun hada da:
- Karin.
- Insulrap GPP.
Sau da yawa ana samun su ta hanyar allunan insulin.
Bangaren alade na iya zama tsawan mataki. Wannan nau'in ya bambanta da insulin ɗan adam a cikin rukuni ɗaya na amino acid, wanda kuma yana haifar da halayen rashin lafiyan.
Wani kwatankwacin kwatancin abu shine asalin halitta da injiniya. Ana fitar da kayan aikin ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- bangaren dan adam yana hade ne ta hanyar amfani da Coli,
- sauya aladu ta canzawar amino acid.
Me yasa wannan ko wannan zaɓi shine mafi kyawu za'a iya gano shi kawai bayan hanyoyin da yawa.
Abubuwan da suke kama da insulin mutum sun haɗa da:
- Insulin Novorapid,
- Aiki
- Lantus da sauransu.
Groupungiyar ta ƙarshe tana ƙunshe da analogues na insulin, wanda ya haɗa da tsarin injininsa, abubuwan da aka samo asali da kuma kayan ɗan adam. Ana ɗauka insulin da aka haɗo shine mafi dacewa ga masu ciwon sukari, tunda an rage bayyanar cututtuka da sakamako masu illa. An cimma hakan ne domin babu furotin.
Wannan rarrabuwa yana ba da dama don ƙirƙirar ra'ayi wane nau'in abu ne wanda zai yi tasiri a kowane yanayi.
Hormone antagonist insulin
Kowane mai adawa da sashin insulin yana ba da matakan ƙara yawan sukarin jini. Suna iya yin dogon aiki.
Magungunan anti-hormonal na irin wannan abu, alal misali, Sinamlbumin, an kirkiresu.
Glucagon yana buƙatar gane shi azaman antagonist. Wadannan sun hada da:
- adrenaline
- cortisol
- corticosteroid
- somatotrapin,
- jima'i ba
- kwayoyin tizroedny.
Rukunin sun ƙunshi insulin na rigakafi, shine sabon kayan aiki don ciwon sukari.
Shawarwari
Daga dukkan magungunan da ake da su, yakamata ka zaɓi waɗanda ke haifar da ƙarancin rashin lafiyar jiki da illa. Irin waɗannan kuɗaɗen sun dace da matsakaicin yawan mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari.
Ba a fifita insulins dabbobi kamar yadda suke da furotin na ƙasan waje. Yana da mahimmanci koyaushe bincika alamun tasirin akan sunayen samfuran. MS wani bangare ne, ingantaccen insulin. NM kwatankwacin yanayin insulin mutum ne.
Lambobin "100" ko "50" suna nuna yadda raka'a insulin suke a cikin 1 ml. Idan sama da mutum ɗari - wannan babban taro shine maganin insulin. Don amfani da shi, kuna buƙatar alkalami na syringe wanda ana yin allurar insulin.
Hanyar gargajiya wacce ake amfani da allurar insulin tana da bangarori daban daban marasa kyau, daga bukatar farawa insulin magani, yana karewa da kirkirar tsoran allura. Masana kimiyya suna haɓaka zaɓuɓɓuka koyaushe waɗanda za ku iya shigar da insulin cikin sauƙi ko kowane tsawon aiki.
Insulin na baka shine babban cigaba, wanda farashinsa yayi yawa. Hanyar ita ce mafi kyau a cikin cewa babu buƙatar ɗaukar allura sau ɗaya a rana ko fiye.
Insulin na baka, wanda mutum ya karba tare da abinci, yana haifar da tsarin sukari ya shiga cikin jini. Lokacin da yawan sukari ya karu, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta fara aiki da samar da insulin. Tare da samfuran narkewa, insulin ya isa hanta. Wannan sashin jiki yana aiki azaman mai tsarawa wanda ke rarraba insulin a cikin adadin da ya dace don sauran gabobin.
Idan akai la'akari da nau'in insulin da tasirin su, zamu iya ambaci abinci, musamman kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ma'anar ita ce cewa waɗannan samfurori suna daidaita matsayin insulin a cikin jikin mutum.
Taimaka ƙananan sukari:
- 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus
- Tumatir
- kiwi
- pomegranate
- pears
- zucchini
- blueberry ganye
- Kudus artichoke
- pears
- avocado.
Matakan insulin yana ƙaruwa:
- wasu nau'ikan kifi,
- wake
- cakulan
- burodi
- dankali.
Bai kamata a taɓa yin amfani da insulin ba. Kula da dokokin ajiya na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Ulinaukar insulin na iya kawo cikas ga yin tafiya na yau da kullun kuma yana haifar da:
- gumi
- rauni
- rawar jiki
- katsewa
- ga wa.
Ya kamata a adana insulin a zazzabi na digiri 2-8 a wuri mai duhu, amma ba a cikin sanyi ba. A wannan yanayin zafin jiki, sinadarin yana riƙe da tsarin rayuwarsa da kuma sifofin halittu.
Temperaturesarancin zafi yana rage bioactivity na magani. Lokacin da insulin ya kasance girgije, to bai kamata a yi amfani dashi ba. Wadannan abubuwan mamaki, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana lura da su a ƙarƙashin aiwatar da yanayin zafi tare da girgizawa.
Idan maganin ya daskare sau daya, to ba za'a iya amfani dashi ba. Duk wani katako da larura a cikin fitowar suna nuna cewa ba a son a yi amfani da su.
Ko da kuwa kayan sun kasance cikin rukuni mai sauƙi ko kuma an haɗa shi da insulin, dole ne a adana maganin har zuwa makonni shida, har sai girgije yayi. Da zarar wannan ya faru, ba za a sake amfani da kayan ba.
An wajabta insulin ta hanyar likita ko likitancin endocrinologist. Idan akwai nakasassu, to akwai wasu fa'idodi.
Ana iya samun bayanai kan nau'ikan insulin ta hanyar kallon bidiyo a wannan labarin.
