Nau'in na 1 na ciwon sukari mellitus cuta ce ta hereditary a cikin wani yanayi mai saurin faruwa wanda zai iya faruwa ko da yara. Cutar na faruwa ne sakamakon cewa kumburin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ba zai iya samar da insulin ba.
Insulin shine babban mai shiga cikin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Yana canza glucose zuwa makamashin da ake buƙata na sel. Sakamakon haka, sukari baya iya karbar jiki, ana samun shi da yawa a cikin jini kuma yana wani bangare shi kadai.
Ciwon sukari na 1 wanda ba ya zama ruwan dare a cikin yara, wanda yakai kusan 10% na duk cutar ta. Ana iya lura da alamun farko a cikin ƙarami.
Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in 1 ciwon sukari
A nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari na mellitus, alamomin fara bayyana da sauri isa. A cikin 'yan makonni, yanayin yarinyar ya tsananta, kuma ya ƙare a cikin asibiti. Bayyanar cututtuka na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari suna buƙatar gane lokaci akan lokaci.
Rashin kishin ruwa yana bayyana ne sakamakon rashin ruwa a jiki, saboda jiki baya narkar da sukari da ke gudana cikin jini da ruwa. Yaron koyaushe kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa yana roƙon ruwa ko wasu abubuwan sha.
Iyaye sun fara lura cewa yaran sun fi zuwa ziyartar bayan gida don yin kumburi. Wannan ya zama ruwan dare musamman da daddare.
Glucose a matsayin tushen makamashi ya daina shiga sel jikin yaron, sabili da haka, yawan ƙwayar furotin da mai ke ƙaruwa. A sakamakon haka, mutum ya daina samun nauyi, kuma galibi yakan fara rasa nauyi cikin sauri.
Nau'in nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari a cikin yara da matasa suna da wata alama ta halayyar - gajiya. Iyaye sun lura cewa ɗan ba shi da isasshen ƙarfi da mahimmanci. Jin yunwar ma ya tsananta. An lura da korafin korafin rashin abinci.
Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kyallen takarda bata rasa glucose kuma tare da abinci mai yawa. Haka kuma, ba kwano ɗaya ba ne wanda yake ba mutum damar jin ya cika. Lokacin da yanayin yaro ya lalace sosai kuma ketoacidosis ya haɓaka, matakin ci yana raguwa da sauri.
Ciwon sukari a cikin yara yana haifar da matsalolin hangen nesa daban-daban. Saboda rashin ruwa daga ruwan tabarau, mutum yana da hayaki a gaban idanunsa, da sauran damuwa. Likitoci sun ce saboda cutar sankara, cututtukan fungal na iya faruwa. A cikin ƙananan yara, siffofin kurji na diaper da suke da wahalar warkewa. 'Yan mata na iya samun suma.
Idan kun kula da alamun cutar, to, an kirkiro ketoacidosis, wanda aka bayyana a:
- mai sautin numfashi
- tashin zuciya
- bari
- ciwon ciki
- warin acetone daga bakin.
Yaro na iya ɗanɗanawa ba zato ba tsammani. Ketoacidosis kuma yana haifar da mutuwa.
Hypoglycemia yana faruwa lokacin da ƙwayar cutar plasma ta faɗi ƙasa da al'ada. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, alamu masu zuwa sun bayyana:
- yunwa
- rawar jiki
- palpitations
- mai raunin hankali.
Sanin alamun da aka lissafa zai sa ya yiwu don guje wa yanayin haɗari wanda zai iya haifar da laima da mutuwa.
Allunan dake dauke da glucose, lozenges, ruwan lemo na zahiri, sukari, da kuma wani salo na glucagon don injections na taimakawa wajen kawar da cututtukan jini.
Sanadin ciwon sukari
Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yara ƙanana shine cuta mai saurin ci gaba. Cutar tana nunawa ta dalilin cewa ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke samar da insulin a ƙarshe sun lalata tsarin garkuwar ɗan adam.
Ba a san takamaiman abin da yake haifar da abubuwa ba. Zai iya kasancewa:
- gado
- hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cututtuka
- dalilan muhalli.
Ba a gano musabbabin cututtukan 1 na yara a cikin yara ba. Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 na yara a cikin kowane yaro yana faruwa lokacin da tsarin rigakafi, wanda dole ne yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta, ba zato ba tsammani ya fara lalata ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, watau sel waɗanda ke da alhakin ƙirar insulin.
Masana ilimin kimiyya sun gano cewa akwai yanayin ƙwayar cuta ga wannan cuta, don haka idan akwai rashin lafiya a cikin dangi, haɗarin kamuwa da cutar siga ga yarinta yana ƙaruwa. Hakanan, ciwon sukari na iya farawa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kamuwa da cuta mai tsawo ko damuwa mai ƙarfi.
Ciwon sukari na Type 1 yana da abubuwan haɗari masu zuwa:
- kasancewar hanyar insulin-dogara da kamuwa da cutar siga a cikin dangi na kusa,
- cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Sau da yawa, ciwon sukari na ci gaba bayan kamuwa da cutar ƙwayar cuta ta Coxsackie, rubella ko cytomegalovirus,
- karancin bitamin D
- gaurayawan tare da kayan hatsi ko madara saniya,
- babban nitrate ruwa.
Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa yankuna 18 na kwayoyin, waɗanda IDDM1 - IDDM18 suka musanta, suna da alaƙa da ciwon sukari. Yankunan suna da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda suke wakiltar tushen abubuwan tarihi. A wannan yankin, kwayoyin halitta sunyi aiki akan amsawar rigakafi.
Abubuwan da kwayoyin halitta ba su bayyana cikakkiyar bayyanar abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban cutar ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, adadin sabbin cututtukan da ke kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 1 ya karu a duk duniya.
Nau'in nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yara masu tasowa ya bayyana a cikin 10% na lokuta idan wani dangi yana da wannan cutar. Mafi m, yara za su gaji cutar daga mahaifinsu fiye da mahaifiyarsu. Wasu karatuttukan sun nuna cewa kamuwa da cuta na iya haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin mutanen da ke da halin gado.
Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta kusa zuwa Coxsackie - ƙwayoyin hanji.
Yaduwar irin wannan ƙwayoyin cuta, da cutar kumburin ciki da kumburin kumburin ciki, na haifar da farkon wannan cutar.
Asali da haɓakar cutar
An samar da insulin a cikin sel na hanji. Wani mahimmancin aikin insulin ana tunanin ya taimaka don taimakawa glucose shiga cikin sel inda ake amfani da glucose a matsayin mai.
Akwai ra'ayoyi akai-akai yayin musayar insulin da glucose. Bayan cin ɗan lafiyayye, ana fitar da insulin a cikin jini, don haka matakan glucose suna raguwa.
Sabili da haka, rage insulin samar da jini don kada sukarin jini ya ragu da yawa.
Ana nuna cutar siga ta yara ta haƙiƙa cewa an rage adadin ƙwayoyin beta a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke nufin cewa ba a samar da insulin isa ba. Sakamakon haka, sel na fama da matsananciyar yunwa, saboda basa karɓar man da yake bukata.
Hakanan sukari na jini yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da alamun asibiti na cutar.
Nau'in nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari a cikin matasa yana nuna halin rashin insulin. Asali da pathogenesis na irin wannan cutar ta 1 sun nuna cewa ka'idojin rayuwar suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bayyanar cututtuka. Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin pathogenesis na nau'in cutar ta farko an buga ta ta hanyar rayuwa mai wuce gona da iri da kuma cin zarafin abincin al'ada.
Cin abinci mai ƙiba da mai mai-kitse yana ƙaruwa da ciwon sukari. Sabili da haka, don hana kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 1, dole ne a bi ka'idodin tsarin rayuwa mai lafiya.
Yin aiki na jiki yana taimakawa rage haɗarin ciwon sukari, cututtukan zuciya, da atherosclerosis. Gaba ɗaya kyautatawa ma na inganta.
Lokacin da ake buƙatar aikin jiki don yin gyare-gyare zuwa kashi na insulin, gwargwadon girman aikin jiki. Babban adadin insulin da aiki na jiki na iya rage matakan glucose jini kuma yana haifar da hypoglycemia.
Ya kamata ku ci abincin da ya ƙunshi fiber na shuka, mai daidaita a cikin adadin furotin, mai da carbohydrates. Yana da mahimmanci don ware carbohydrates mai nauyin nauyi, i.e. sukari, da rage cin abinci na carbohydrates.
Yana da mahimmanci a gwada cin abinci iri ɗaya na carbohydrates kowace rana. Yakamata a sami abinci guda 3 da 'yan abun ciye-ciye a kowace rana.
Don yin abincin da aka keɓance mutum, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar likitancin endocrinologist ko masanin abinci mai gina jiki.
Yanzu ba shi yiwuwa a hana gaba daya ciwon na farko.
Koyaya, masana kimiyya suna binciken wannan binciken a koyaushe, kuma suna inganta abubuwa masu inganci ga hanyoyin bincike da hanyoyin kulawa.
Matakan bincike
Wajibi ne don sanin ko ɗan yana da ciwon sukari kuma wanne. Idan ana zargin nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari, dole ne a yi gwajin jini don sanin yawan glucose. Idan mai nuna alama ya fi 6.1 mmol / l, to binciken yana buƙatar sake yin binciken don tabbatar da cutar. Hakanan likita ya tsara ƙarin gwaje-gwaje.
Don tabbatar da cewa wannan ainihin nau'in farko ne, kuna buƙatar sanya wani bincike don maganin rigakafi. Lokacin da gwaji ya gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi don yin insulin ko ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin jinin mutum, wannan yana tabbatar da kasancewar nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari.
Ba kamar mellitus na ciwon sukari na nau'in na biyu ba, tare da nau'in farko alamun bayyanar cututtuka suna haɓakawa da ƙarfi, rashin lafiyar na iya farawa a kowane nauyi da shekaru. Ba za a kara karfin jini ba, za a samu isasshen jini a cikin jinin jaririn.
Jiyya da cutar sukari irin ta 1 a cikin yara
Maganin ciwon sukari an yi shi ne don shawo kan rikice-rikice, idan kowane, don taimaka wa yaro ya ci gaba kamar yadda yakamata, ya kasance cikin rukunin yara kuma baya jin ƙarancin kusa da yara masu lafiya.
Hakanan ana nuna matakai daban-daban na rigakafi don ware abubuwan ci gaba na rikice rikice.
Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yara kusan koyaushe ana alakanta shi da allurar raunin insulin mutum. Ya kamata a inganta matakan warkewa don karfafa garkuwar yara da kuma daidaita yadda ake sarrafa shi.
Tare da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yara, magani ya ƙunshi:
- allurar insulin na yau da kullun. Ana yin su sau da yawa a rana, gwargwadon nau'in insulin,
- salon rayuwa mai aiki
- rike nauyin al'ada
- bin wani irin abincin da ya ƙunshi rage adadin carbohydrates.
Harkokin insulin da nufin inganta daidaitaccen glucose na jini. Hakanan, jiyya yana inganta matakan kuzarin kwayar halitta.
Nau'in nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari a cikin yaro yana nuna haɗarin haɗarin hauhawar jini. Yara yawanci ba su da lafiya, wato, ci abinci ba tare da kullun ba. Matakan abin da suke motsawa na jiki na iya zama m.
Ya kamata a kula da cutar a karkashin kulawa ta kusa da wani likitancin endocrinologist daban-daban. Tare da raunin da ba shi da isasshen raunin ƙwayar cuta, ya kamata a ƙara wasu ayyukan jiki da abinci a cikin tsarin.
Masana kimiyya sun ruwaito cewa mafi nisanci daga ƙimar al'ada, matakin sukari a cikin jini, mafi muni ana rama shi. Idan ya yiwu a sami biyan diyya, to mai ciwon sukari yakan jagoranci rayuwar mai lafiya, yana da rage haɗarin cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki.
A cikin masu ciwon sukari da ke karɓar allurar insulin, kusanci ga glucose na jini na al'ada, mafi girman haɗarin cutar hypoglycemia.
Likitocin sun ba da shawarar rage yawan glucose na jini a cikin yara masu fama da rashin lafiya na nau'in farko zuwa al'ada, amma kawai kiyaye shi. Tun daga 2013, masana kimiyya a Diungiyar Ciwon sukari na Amurka sun ba da shawarar kula da haemoglobin glycated ƙasa da 7.5% a cikin yara masu ciwon sukari. Dabi'u da ke sama ba su da kyau.
Duk rikitarwa na iya zama m da na kullum. Tashin hankalin da ke damun duk tsarin tsarin ya hada da hypoglycemia da ketoacidosis.
Rikice-rikice na yau da kullum na nau'in 1 na ciwon sukari suna shafar yawancin lokuta:
- kasusuwa
- fata
- idanu
- kodan
- tsarin juyayi
- zuciya.
Cutar tana haifar da retinopathies, hauhawar jini a cikin kafafu, angina pectoris, nephropathy, osteoporosis da sauran cututtukan haɗari.
Rashin rikice-rikice na nau'in 1 na sukari mellitus ya kamata a kula da shi tare da gwajin likita na yau da kullun.
Yin rigakafin
Yin rigakafin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yara yana ɗaukar jerin ayyukan don hana abubuwan da ba su dace da ke haifar da haifar da cutar ba. Yana da mahimmanci a sanya idanu akan alamun dake nuna sukari mai ƙarfi ko ƙasa.
Idan kuna da ciwon sukari, yakamata ku ɗauki ma'aunin glucose a kai a kai tare da glucometer, kuma daidaita matakin sukari tare da allurar insulin idan ya cancanta. Don shawo kan cutar sankara kamar yadda zai yiwu, dole ne a lura da abinci na musamman.
Ya kamata koyaushe ku kasance da sukari tare da ku idan akwai haɗarin haɓakar haɓakar jini. Ana iya buƙatar allurar Glucagon don tsananin rashin ƙarfi na hypoglycemia. Dole ne a shawarci likita don tantance matakan sukari na jini, don gudanar da nazarin kodan, idanu, kafafu. Yana da mahimmanci don magance alamun cutar sukari a cikin yara.
Wajibi ne a nemi likita a wani matakin farko na cutar don hana ci gaban cututtukan cuta. Idan likitoci sun rama game da cutar sankara, da babu rikitarwa.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci da tushe don ci gaba da magance cutar ana la'akari da tsarin abincin da ya dace. Za'a iya samun ci gaba mai ɗorewa da gamsuwa mai gamsarwa musamman ta hanyar rage cin abinci da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar jiki a koda yaushe.
Ciwon sukari na 1 a cikin yara yawanci yana haifar da rikicewa. Koyaya, tare da abincin da aka zaɓa da kyau, ana rage yiwuwar irin wannan haɓakar cutar da muhimmanci. Yawancin mutane da ke fama da ciwon sukari suna da hauhawar jini.
Masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar ɗaukar kwayoyin cutar hawan jini akai-akai, wanda zai taimaka rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da wannan cuta.
Dr. Komarovsky zai ba ku ƙarin bayani game da cutar sukari a cikin yara a cikin bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin.
