Kula da tsarin sukari na jini (glycemia) yana daya daga cikin mahimman kayan jikin mutum, tunda samar da makamashi na rayuwa ya dogara da hakan.
Mai nuna alamun tafiyar matakai na yau da kullun shine abubuwan da ke cikin glucose daga 3.3 zuwa 5.5 mmol / l. Matakan glycemia sun dogara da shekaru, ga jarirai a cikin jini yanayin kazarin glucose ya ragu, kuma ga tsofaffi masu girma ana karɓa.
Idan an sami ɓacewa, to ana yin ƙarin nazarin don gano daidai da gudanar da magani.
Yaya ake kiyaye sukari?
Cin abinci shine babban tushen glucose a cikin jini. Mafi yawan makamashi suna fitowa daga sarrafa carbohydrates. A wannan yanayin, carbohydrates masu sauƙi suna shiga cikin jini nan da nan, kuma carbohydrates masu rikitarwa suna yin aikin narkewar abinci a cikin hanji tare da taimakon enzyme na pancreatic da ake kira amylase.
Ana iya samun glucose mai tsabta a cikin abinci, an riga an tuna da shi a cikin ƙwayar baka. Fructose da galactose, waɗanda aka samo a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan kiwo, bi da bi, ana kuma sarrafa su zuwa ga kwayoyin glucose, suna shiga daga bangon hanji zuwa jini, suna ƙara matakan sukari.
Ba duk glucose da ke shiga cikin jini ake buƙata don makamashi ba, musamman tare da ƙaramin aikin jiki. Saboda haka, a cikin hanta, tsokoki da ƙwayoyin mai, an ajiye shi a ajiye. Tsarin ajiyar ajiya wani hadadden carbohydrate - glycogen. Samun nasa yana ƙarƙashin kulawar insulin, kuma ɓarin da yake baya zuwa glucose yana daidaita glucagon.
Tsakanin abinci, tushen glucose na iya zama:
- Rushewar glycogen a cikin hanta (hanya mafi sauri), ƙwayar tsoka.
- Samuwar glucose ta hanta daga amino acid da glycerol, lactate.
- Yin amfani da ajiyar kitse a cikin lalata glycogen ajiye.
Cin abinci yana haifar da matakai don haɓakar insulin. Lokacin da wannan hormone ya shiga cikin jini, yana motsa shigarwar glucose ta cikin membrane ta sel da canzawa zuwa glycogen ko makamashi don aiki gabobin. Saboda haka, bayan wani lokaci, glycemia a cikin jini ya koma al'ada.
Idan insulin ba shi da isasshen tsari a cikin jiki (masu ciwon sukari 1), ko ƙwayoyin insulin da ke dogaro da kai suna ɗaukar shi mara kyau (nau'in ciwon sukari na 2), to, matakin jini na jini ya tashi kuma ƙirar ta ɗanɗana yunwar. Babban alamomin cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa suna da alaƙa da wannan: karuwar fitowar fitsari, buƙatu mai ƙarfi ga ruwa da abinci.
Yaya za a tantance glucose na jini?
Yawan al'ada na sukari a cikin jinin mutum da tebur na dogara da glycemia akan shekaru ana iya samun su a kowane dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke gudanar da nazarin yanayin metabolism. Amma don kimanta sakamako yadda yakamata, kuna buƙatar ganin likita, tunda kuna buƙatar la'akari da hoton asibiti na cutar don ganewar asali.
Don bincike ya zama abin dogara, ya kamata a auna sukarin jini bayan awowi 8 na azumi. Ana lura da wannan yanayin lokacin ƙayyade azumi glycemia. Hakanan yana iya zama dole don sanin matakin karuwa a cikin glucose bayan cin abinci ko sakawa tare da glucose (gwajin haƙuri na glucose).
Bambanci a cikin sukarin jini a cikin tebur na ƙimar na iya zama ga plasma da duka jini. Don maganin farin ciki da jijiyoyin jini, ƙa'idodi sun bambanta da 12%: ga mata da maza a cikin shekaru tsakanin 14 zuwa 59, glucose a cikin jini daga yatsa bai wuce 5.5 mmol / l ba, kuma daga jijiya - 6.1 mmol / l.
Ana gwada sukarin jini ga waɗannan nau'ikan marasa lafiya:
- Ciwon sukari mellitus ko tuhumarsa.
- Shekaru daga shekaru 45.
- Kiba
- Take hakkin ta adrenal gland shine yake, thyroid ko pancreas, pituitary gland shine yake.
- Ciki
- Rashin ɗaukar gajiya don ciwon sukari.
- Ciwon hanta na kullum.
- Shan kwayoyin steroid.
Dangane da teburin matakan sukari na jini, sakamakon da aka samu (a mmol / l) za'a iya ƙididdige kamar al'ada (3.3-5.5), low sugar - hypoglycemia (a cikin jarirai har zuwa 2.8, a cikin manya har zuwa 3.3), hyperglycemia azumi - sama da 5.5 a cikin manya, 4.4 a cikin jarirai, 6.4 bayan shekaru 60.
Ana sanya mellitus na ciwon sukari a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙayyadadden tabbacin ninki biyu na hyperglycemia sama da 7 mmol / l, duk yanayin da ake nuna shi da haɓaka sukari sama da na al'ada, amma a ƙasa wannan iyakar yakamata a ɗauka shi azaman kan iyaka. Don fayyace ganewar asali a cikin irin waɗannan halayen, an wajabta gwajin haƙuri haƙuri.
Sanadin da alamun hyperglycemia
Cutar sananniyar cuta ta yau da kullun, wanda ke haɗuwa da ci gaba a cikin glycemia, shine ciwon sukari. Yana faruwa lokacin da karancin insulin ko keta hadinsa da masu karɓa a cikin kyallen. A lokacin daukar ciki, ana iya samun ƙaruwa na kumburin kumburi a cikin sukari wanda ke faruwa bayan haihuwa - ciwon gestational.
Kwayar cutar sakandare na iya haɓaka aikin haɓakar hormonal idan ya faru da glandar thyroid, hypothalamus ko adrenal gland shine yake. Irin wannan hyperglycemia bayan farfadowa da aikin al'ada na gabobin endocrine ya ɓace. Tsarin kumburi a cikin hanta da cututtukan fata kuma suna haifar da ƙaruwa na sukari na ɗan lokaci.
Hotunan damuwa, waɗanda aka saki fiye da kima yayin raunin rauni, ƙonewa, yanayi na firgici, saurin motsa rai, tsoro, na iya haifar da hauhawar jini. Yana haɗuwa da ɗaukar wasu diuretics, antihypertensive magunguna, corticosteroids da antidepressants, babban maganin kafeyin.
Alamun dake tattare da sukari suna da alaƙa da sifofin osmotic na ƙwayoyin glucose, waɗanda ke jan hankalin ƙwayar nama a jikinsu, suna haifar da bushewa:
- Jinjiri.
- Uresara diureis, gami da dare.
- Fata mai bushewa, membran mucous.
- Rage nauyi.
Jiki na dindindin ya rushe wurare dabam dabam na jini da kuma aiki na rigakafi, yin aiki a cikin jijiyoyi, yana lalata ƙwayar koda, da idanun, har ila yau yana ba da gudummawa ga cin zarafin mai da ci gaban atherosclerosis.
Don gano canje-canje a cikin sukari na dogon lokaci, ana auna abun ciki na haemoglobin. Teburin haemoglobin na yau da kullun na wannan alamar yana samar da sakamako mai yiwuwa 3: har zuwa 6% na duk haemoglobin sakamako ne mai kyau, shaidar Normoglycemia, daga 6 zuwa 6.5% - ciwon suga, sama da 6.5% - alama ce ta ciwon sukari.
Kuna iya bambanta masu ciwon sukari daga raunin glucose mai rauni ta amfani da gwajin damuwa. Ana aiwatar da shi tare da ci gaba a cikin hauhawar jini, kiba, ƙaddarar halittar jini, cututtukan ƙwayar jijiyoyin ƙwayar cuta na polycystic, gout, asalin abin da ba a sani ba na polyneuropathy, furunlera da cututtuka na yau da kullun.
An ba da alama ga mata masu fama da rashin haihuwa, masu ciwon sukari, idan an haifi tayin ya mutu, yaron yana da taro mai yawa a lokacin haihuwa ko kuma lalata. An ba da shawarar yin nazarin juriya ga carbohydrates tare da tsawaita amfani da magungunan hormonal, gami da hana haihuwa, diuretics.
Tebur na sukari na jini bayan an ɗora, wanda ya ƙunshi ci 75 g na glucose, na iya nuna irin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka (a mmol / l):
- Na al'ada akan komai a ciki kuma bayan sa'o'i biyu: ƙasa da 5.6, ƙasa da 7.8.
- Glycemia mai yawan rauni: kafin gwaji 5.6-6.1, bayan kasa da 7.8.
- Rashin ƙarancin carbohydrate: 5.6-6.1 kafin gwajin, 7.8-11.1 bayan.
- Ciwon sukari: sama da 6.1 a kan komai a ciki, sama da 11.1 bayan shan glucose.
Sugararancin sukari na jini
Hypoglycemia ba shi da haɗari fiye da matakan sukari mai yawa, jiki yana ɗaukar shi a matsayin yanayin damuwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙaddamar da adrenaline da cortisol cikin jini. Wadannan kwayoyin halittu suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban alamun bayyanar cututtuka, wanda ya haɗa da palpitations, hannayen rawar jiki, gumi, yunwa.
Matsalar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa yana haifar da tsananin damuwa, ciwon kai, ƙuntata damuwa da damuwa, kara raunana hankali, daidaitaccen daidaituwa na motsi da daidaituwa a sararin samaniya.
A cikin raunin hypoglycemia mai ƙarfi, alamun raunin jijiya na ƙwayar cerebral ya tashi: halayyar da ba ta dace ba, raɗaɗi. Mai haƙuri na iya rasa hankalinsa kuma ya faɗi cikin matsalar rashin lafiya, wanda, idan ba a kula da shi ba, na iya zama mai mutuwa.
Sanadin karancin sukari sune:
- Overaryewar magunguna masu saurin sukari, gudanar da rashin aikin insulin tare da ƙarancin abinci ko cutar giya.
- Hyperplasia ko ƙari na farji.
- Hypothyroidism, low pituitary ko aikin adrenal gland shine yake.
- Lalacewar hanta: cirrhosis, hepatitis, cancer.
- Ciwon mara.
- Rashin kwayoyin halitta a cikin samar da enzymes.
- Cututtukan ciki wanda ke keta shaye-shayen carbohydrates.
Hypoglycemia na iya faruwa a cikin jariran da aka haife su ga mahaifiyar masu ciwon sukari. Yana haifar da tsawan yunwar da guba tare da chloroform, arsenic, barasa, amphetamine. Babban aiki na jiki da magungunan anabolic suna haifar da hare-haren hypoglycemic a cikin mutane masu lafiya waɗanda ke shiga cikin wasanni masu sana'a.
Mafi yawan lokuta ana lura da cutar hypoglycemia a cikin marasa lafiya tare da masu ciwon sukari na mellitus. A lokaci guda, sanadinsa na iya zama adadin da aka lissafa ba daidai ba na insulin ko allurar rigakafi, rashin daidaita sashi don ƙarin motsa jiki, ko tsallake abinci. Hypoglycemia na iya haɗuwa tare da sauyawa zuwa wani nau'in insulin.
Ciwon sukari na 2 yana faruwa tare da haɓaka matakin insulin a farkon matakan cutar. Abincin da ke haifar da hawan jini a cikin jini ko sakin insulin da ya wuce kima na iya haifar da raguwar lokaci-lokaci a matakan sukari na jini.
Abubuwan da aka sake sarrafawa na carbohydrates, kayan kwalliya, fararen gari na gari, kayan zaki na gida da kuma yogurts masu daɗi. Cutar haila a cikin mata zata iya kasancewa tare da canje-canje masu kauri a cikin glycemia, wanda ke alaƙa da hawa da sauka a matakan hormonal.
Don kula da hypoglycemia mai sauƙi, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar abinci ko abin sha da ke ɗauke da sukari: ruwan 'ya'yan itace, zuma, ƙyallen sukari ko allunan glucose, alewa ko bunu. Idan bayyanar cututtuka sun ɓace, to, bayan mintuna 15-30 ana bada shawara a ci yanki na yau da kullun, wanda ya ƙunshi sunadarai da hadaddun carbohydrates.
A cikin hypoglycemia mai tsanani, ana gudanar da glucagon a cikin intramuscularly, kazalika da maganin kwantar da hankali na glucose. Lokacin da mai haƙuri zai iya cin abinci da kanshi, sai a fara bashi abinci mai tsoka, sannan, a ƙarƙashin sarrafa sukari na jini, ana iya tsara abincin al'ada.
An ba da bayani game da matakan sukari na al'ada na jini a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
