Manya da ƙananan iyakoki na sukari na jini

Glucose shine makamashi mai kuzari wanda sel jikin mutum suke tallatawa. Godiya ga glucose, hadaddun halayen kiba ke faruwa, ana samar da adadin kuzari mai mahimmanci. Wannan sinadari yana nan a cikin mai yawa a cikin hanta, tare da rashin isasshen abinci, ana sakin glucose a cikin nau'in glycogen a cikin jini.

A cikin magani na hukuma babu wani ma'anar "sukari na jini", an fi amfani da wannan ra'ayi a cikin maganganun maganganun magana. Akwai sukari da yawa a cikin yanayi, kuma jikinmu yana amfani da glucose na musamman.

Adadin sukari na jini na iya bambanta gwargwadon shekarun mutum, yawan cin abinci, lokacin rana, matakin motsa jiki da kuma kasancewar yanayi na damuwa. Idan matakin sukari na jini ya zarce matsakaiciyar al'ada, ana ba da shawarar ciwon sukari.

Ana sarrafa yawan glucose a koyaushe, yana iya raguwa ko haɓaka, wannan an ƙaddara shi da bukatun jikin mutum. Mai alhakin irin wannan hadadden tsarin shine insulin na hormone, wanda tsibiran Langerhans ke samarwa, da kuma adrenaline - hormone na glandar adrenal.

Lokacin da waɗannan gabobin suka lalace, tsarin sarrafawa ya kasa, a sakamakon haka, ci gaban cutar ya fara, metabolism ya rikice.

Yayin da rikice-rikice ke ci gaba, cututtukan da ba a iya canzawa ba na gabobin da tsarin ya bayyana.

Yaya ake tantance sukari na jini

Ana yin gwajin jini don glucose a kowace cibiyar likita, yawanci ana amfani da hanyoyi uku don tantance sukari:

1. orthotoluidine;
2. glucose oxidase;
3. marinda

Wadannan hanyoyin an hade su a cikin 70s na karni na karshe, suna da aminci, masu ba da labari, masu sauƙin aiwatarwa, wadatarwa, dangane da halayen sunadarai tare da glucose da ke cikin jini.

A yayin binciken, an kirkiro ruwa mai launi, wanda, ta amfani da na'urar ta musamman, ana kimantawa don ƙarfin launi, sannan a canza shi zuwa allon adadi.

An bayar da sakamakon ne a cikin rukunin kasa-da-kasa don ma'aunin abubuwan narkar da abubuwa - MG cikin 100 ml, millimole a kowace lita na jini. Don canza mg / ml zuwa mmol / L, lambar farko dole ne a ninka ta 0.0555. Yakamata ka sani cewa yanayin jinin sukari a cikin binciken ta hanyar ferricyanide koyaushe dan kadan yafi na wasu hanyoyin bincike.

Don samun ingantaccen sakamako, zaka buƙaci gudummawar jini daga yatsa ko jijiya, ana yin wannan ne a kan komai a ciki kuma ba ya zuwa awowi 11 na rana. Kafin bincike, mai haƙuri kada ya ci wani abu na awanni 8-14, zaka iya shan ruwa ba tare da iskar gas ba. Kashegari kafin a yi gwajin jini, yana da muhimmanci kada a zubar da hankali, a daina shan giya. In ba haka ba, akwai yiwuwar karɓar bayanan da ba daidai ba.

Lokacin da aka bincika jinin ƙwayar cuta, ƙa'idodin halayen yana ƙaruwa da kashi 12, alamu na al'ada:

• farin jini - daga 4.3 zuwa 5.5 mmol / l;
• venous - daga 3.5 zuwa 6.1 mmol / l.

Hakanan akwai bambanci tsakanin farashin duka samfuran jini tare da matakan sukari na plasma.

Healthungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar yin la'akari da irin waɗannan iyakoki na sukari na jini don ganewar cutar ciwon sukari: gaba ɗaya jini (daga jijiya, yatsa) - 5.6 mmol / l, plasma - 6.1 mmol / l. Don tantance abin da ƙididdigar sukari zai zama al'ada ga mutum wanda ya wuce shekara 60, ya zama dole don gyara sakamakon ta 0.056.

Don bincike mai zaman kanta game da sukari na jini, mai ciwon sukari dole ne ya sayi na'urar ta musamman, glucometer, wanda a cikin sakan kaɗan ke ba da sakamako daidai.

Dokoki

Yawan sukarin jini yana da iyaka da babba, suna iya bambanta a cikin yara da manya, amma babu bambanci tsakanin jinsi.

A cikin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 14, ka'idodin ya fara daga 2.8 zuwa 5.6 mmol / l, yana da shekaru 14 zuwa 59, wannan nuna alama shine 4.1-5.9 mmol / l, a cikin mutumin da ya girmi shekaru 60, girman babba na ƙa'idar shine 4 , 6, kuma tushe shine 6.4 mmol / L.

Shekarun yarinyar ke taka rawa:

• har zuwa wata 1 daidaituwar shine 2.8-4.4 mmol / l;
• daga wata zuwa shekara 14 - 3.3-5.6 mmol / l.

Matsakaicin sukari na jini a cikin mata yayin daukar ciki shine 3.3 - 6.6 mmol / l, idan alamar ta sama ta yi yawa, muna magana ne game da nau'in ciwon sukari na latent. Wannan yanayin yana ba da izinin bin likita na tilas.

Don fahimtar ikon jiki don shan sukari, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ƙimar ta ke canzawa bayan cin abinci, yayin rana.

Score

Bayan samun sakamakon binciken, masanin kimiyyar halittar endocrinologist ya kimanta matakin sukari na jini kamar yadda yake: al'ada, babba, ƙarami.

Asedara yawan taro shine yawan ƙwayar cuta. Ana lura da wannan yanayin tare da kowane irin rikice-rikice na kiwon lafiya:

1. ciwon sukari mellitus;
2. pathology na gabobin na endocrin tsarin;
3. cututtukan hanta na kullum;
4. na kullum da m kumburi tsari a cikin pancreas;
5. neoplasms a cikin farji;
6. karancin lalacewa;
7. bugun jini;
8. cutar koda da ke da alaƙa da lalata;
9. cystic fibrosis.

Haɓaka matakin sukari na iya faruwa a cikin hanyoyin autoallergic waɗanda ke hade da ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa insulin na hormone.

Sugar a kan iyakar al'ada kuma sama da shi na iya zama sakamakon damuwa, ƙarfin motsa jiki mai ƙarfi, damuwa na damuwa. Hakanan yakamata a nemi dalilai a cikin yin amfani da adadin ƙwayoyin carbohydrates, halaye marasa kyau, ɗaukar kwayoyin hoorin steroid, estrogen da kwayoyi tare da babban abun da ke cikin kafeyin.

Rage sukari na jini ko hypoglycemia yana yiwuwa tare da cutar kansa ta hanta, hanta, raunin tsarin endocrine, cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, cirrhosis, hepatitis, rage aikin thyroid.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙarancin sukari yana faruwa lokacin da guba tare da abubuwa masu guba, yawan insulin, anabolics, amphetamine, salicylates, azumi mai tsawo, matsanancin motsa jiki.

Idan uwa tana da ciwon sukari, jariri zaiyi shima zai sami raguwar matakin glucose.

Ka'idodi na tantancewar cutar sankarau

Yana yiwuwa a gano cutar sankarau koda a latent form, kawai ta hanyar bayar da gudummawar jini don sukari. Idan kun fara daga shawarwarin da aka sauƙaƙe, ana ɗaukar ciwon sukari alamu ne na sukari a cikin 5.6-6.0 mmol / L. Ana yin maganin cutar sankara idan ƙarancin ya kasance daga 6.1 da sama.

Rashin tabbatar da rashin tabbas tare da alamun alamun cutar da haɓaka sukari na jini. A wannan yanayin, ba tare da la'akari da abincin ba, sukari ya tsaya a matakin 11 mmol / l, kuma da safe - 7 mmol / l ko fiye.

Idan sakamakon binciken yana da shakka, babu alamun bayyananniyar bayyanar cututtuka, kodayake, akwai abubuwan haɗari, an nuna gwajin damuwa. Ana gudanar da irin wannan nazarin ta amfani da glucose, wani suna don bincike shine gwajin haƙuri na glucose, ƙwanƙwasa sukari.

Dabarar tana da sauƙi, baya buƙatar farashi na kuɗi, baya haifar da rashin jin daɗi da yawa. Da farko, suna ba da gudummawar jini daga jijiya a kan komai a ciki, wannan ya zama dole don sanin matakin farko na sukari. Sa'an nan, an narke 75 na glucose na gilashin gilashin ruwa mai tsarkakakke kuma an bai wa mai haƙuri ya sha (ana lasafta ɗan kashi na 1.75 g a kilo kilogram na nauyi). Bayan minti 30, awa 1 da 2, ana sake karbar jini don jarrabawa.

Mahimmanci tsakanin bincike na farko da na ƙarshe:

• gaba daya dakatar da shan sigari, cin abinci, ruwa;
• duk wani aiki na jiki haramun ne.

Bayyana gwajin yana da sauƙi: Manuniya na sukari ya kamata ya zama al'ada (ko kuma ya kasance a gefen iyakar babba) kafin cinye syrup. Lokacin da rashin daidaituwa na glucose, bincike na wucin gadi zai nuna 10.0 a cikin jinin venous da 11.1 mmol / L a cikin ƙwayar cuta. Bayan 2 hours, maida hankali ya kasance a cikin iyakance al'ada. Wannan gaskiyar tana nuna cewa sukari da ya bugu bai sha ba, ya zauna cikin jinin jini.

Idan matakin glucose ya hau, kodan ta gagara magance shi, sukari yana gudana cikin fitsari. Wannan alamar ana kiranta glucosuria a cikin cutar sankara. Glucosuria shine ƙarin bayani don gano cutar sankarau.

Ana ba da bayani game da matakan glucose na jini a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.