Cholesterol abu ne mai kama da mai wanda sinadarin cholesterol ke tsirowa a jikin jijiyar jini. Plaques sune babban dalilin canje-canje atherosclerotic a jikin mutum. Kasancewarsu yana kara hadarin mutuwa daga rauni daga ciki da bugun jini na jini sau da yawa.
Cholesterol yana cikin ajin fats. Kimanin 20-25% na wannan abun yana shiga jikin mutum tare da abinci. Waɗannan sune ƙoshin dabbobi na asalin dabba, wasu nau'ikan abubuwa na furotin, da sauransu. Ragowar 75-80% ana samarwa a cikin hanta.
Abubuwan da ke kama da mai suna bayyana shine mafi mahimmancin ginin ginin jikin mutum. Yana ɗaukar matakai na rayuwa a matakan salula, ɓangare ne na membranes cell. Yana haɓaka samar da kwayoyin halittar namiji da mace - cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone.
A cikin tsararren tsari, akwai karancin cholesterol a jikin mutum, akasari ana lura dashi a cikin abubuwan hadewar musamman - lipoproteins. Suna zuwa cikin ƙarancin ƙaranci (cholesterol mara kyau ko LDL) da girma mai yawa (HDL ko kayan haɗin kyau). Ka yi la'akari da waɗanne ƙa'idodi na cholesterol na jini ke jagora, kuma menene alamu suka dogara?
Adadin mummunan cholesterol
Yawancin hanyoyin samun bayanai - dandamali na ci gaba a yanar gizo, shirye-shiryen talabijin, jaridu, da sauransu, suna magana game da ha ari da kwayar cholesterol ga jikin dan adam, sakamakon abin da ake ganin hakan karancin hakan yake, mafi kyawun lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Amma wannan ba haka bane. Tunda abu ba wai “illa” kadai bane, ana sanya shi a cikin magunan jini, amma kuma yana kawo fa'idar amfani.
Hakanan ya dogara da maida hankali kan mahimman bangaren. Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, kwafin kwayoyi masu hadari da amfani wadanda ake amsar su. Bangaren da ke “manne” ga bangon jijiyoyin jini abu ne mara kyau, tunda yana samar da filayen atherosclerotic.
Ana yin gwajin ciki wanda ba komai a ciki don tantance ƙa'idodin cholesterol. Ana auna alamomi a cikin moles kowace lita ko mg / dl. Hakanan zaka iya gano darajar janar a gida - don wannan, ana amfani da masu bincike na musamman. Masu ciwon sukari dole ne su samo na'urar da ke ɗaukar matakan cholesterol guda biyu da sukarin jini lokaci guda. Akwai ƙarin na'urori masu aiki waɗanda suma ke nuna abun ciki na haemoglobin, uric acid.
Norm of cholesterol (LDL):
- Idan lafiyayyen mutum yana da alamar da ƙasa da raka'a 4 - wannan al'ada ce. Lokacin da aka gano haɓaka wannan ƙimar, to, suna magana game da yanayin cutar. An bada shawarar mai haƙuri don dawo da bincike. Idan akwai wani sakamako mai kama da haka, ana buƙatar rage cin abinci ko amfani da kwayoyi. Ko ɗaukar kwayoyi ko a'a, an ƙaddara akayi daban-daban. Statins - kwayoyi don cholesterol, ba su kawar da ainihin dalilin ci gaban LDL (ciwon sukari, yawan kiba, rashin aiki na jiki), amma a sauƙaƙe ba da izinin samar da shi a cikin jiki, yayin da yake haifar da sakamako masu illa daban-daban;
- Lokacin da tarihin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini ko infarction myocardial infarction, bugun jini na jini a cikin kwanannan, angina pectoris, to, gwajin jini na dakin gwaje-gwaje al'ada ne har zuwa raka'a 2.5. Idan mafi girma - ana buƙatar gyara tare da taimakon abinci mai gina jiki, mai yiwuwa magunguna;
- Marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su da tarihin pathologies na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, a gaban abubuwa biyu ko sama da haka masu tayar da hankali, yakamata su kula da ƙaramin sandar 3.3 raka'a. Wannan shine matakin da ake son kaiwa ga masu ciwon sukari, saboda cutar sankarau na iya yin illa ga yanayin tasoshin jini da kuma tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a jiki.
Ka'idar cholesterol (duka) ya kai 5.2 mmol / l - wannan shine mafi kyawun darajar. Idan nazarin ya nuna daga raka'a 5.2 zuwa 6.2 - madaidaicin izinin yarda, kuma sama da raka'a 6.2 - babban adadi.
Ka'idodi na al'ada don Kayan cholesterol mai kyau
Magabcin da ke tattare da mummunan abubuwa shine cholesterol mai kyau. Ana kiranta babban lipoprotein mai yawa. Ya bambanta da bangaren da ke ba da gudummawa ga saka jari na atherosclerotic plaques, HDL an san shi ta hanyar aiki mai mahimmanci. Yana tattara mummunan cholesterol daga tasoshin kuma aika shi zuwa hanta, inda ya lalace.
Canje-canje na atherosclerotic a cikin tasoshin jini na iya faruwa ba kawai tare da babban matakin LDL ba, har ma tare da raguwa a cikin HDL.
Mafi munin zaɓi don warware gwajin cholesterol shine karuwa a LDL da raguwa a cikin HDL. Wannan haɗin shine wanda aka gano a cikin 60% na masu ciwon sukari, musamman ma da shekaru 50 da haihuwa.
Ba za a iya sake cika mai kyau na ƙwayar abinci tare da abinci na lafiya ba. Abubuwan yana samarwa ne ta hanyar kanta kawai, baya shiga daga waje. Yawan cholesterol (yana da amfani) ya dogara da yawan rukuni na mutum da jinsi. A cikin mata, ƙa'idar aiki mai mahimmanci ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi sama da yadda ake yin jima'i mai ƙarfi.
Kuna iya haɓaka aikin haɗin abu mai amfani ta hanyar ingantaccen aikin jiki. Bugu da ƙari, wasanni yana yin wani aikin - a lokaci guda HDL ya fara ƙaruwa a kan asalin wutar LDL. Sabili da haka, an shawarci masu ciwon sukari don motsawa da yawa, yin motsa jiki idan babu magungunan likita.
Akwai wata hanyar don ƙara HDL - wannan shine yawan amfani da samfuran giya mai ƙarfi, alal misali, 50 g na cognac. Amma wannan zaɓi an haramta shi sosai a cikin masu ciwon sukari; ba a yarda da masu maye ba ga masu ciwon sukari. Don haɓaka cholesterol, ana ba su shawarar wasanni, abinci mai dacewa. Kwayoyin koda yaushe ana wajabta su don taimakawa rage ƙwayoyin LDL cholesterol.
Ka'idar HDL a cikin jini:
- Tare da aiki na yau da kullun na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, HDL a cikin maza / mata bai wuce naúrar 1 ba.
- Idan mai haƙuri yana da tarihin cutar cututtukan zuciya, bugun zuciya, bugun jini, gudawa, to alamu yana daga raka'a 1 zuwa 1.5.
Lokacin da akayi la'akari da gwajin jini, ana kuma yin la'akari da yawan ƙwayar cholesterol - wannan shine jimlar HDL da LDL. Ka'ida a cikin matasa ya kai 5.5 raka'a. Idan budurwa tana da ƙananan wuce iyaka na al'ada, to wannan ana ɗauka wannan azaman karkacewa ne ga tsarin al'ada. Koda babban taro na cholesterol ba'a bayyana shi ta alamun halaye da alamu.
Mafi sau da yawa, mara lafiya baya gane cewa atherosclerotic plaques sun kafa ciki a cikin tasoshin.
Wanene ke haɗarin?
Don haka, yaya yawan abubuwan LDL da HDL suka gano. A cikin aikin likita, ana jagorantar su ta hanyar teburin ƙa'idodi, waɗanda aka rarrabu gwargwadon jinsi da shekarun mutum. Yawancin shekarun masu ciwon sukari, mafi girma zai zama al'ada. Koyaya, yakamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa ciwon sukari cuta ce mai haɗari, sabili da haka, a kan asalinsa, matakin ƙima a cikin masu ciwon sukari koyaushe yana ƙasa da marasa lafiya ba tare da wannan cutar ba.
Idan da gaske, mutumin da baya damuwa game da tabarbarewar lafiya da duk wata damuwa mai rikitar ba zai yiwu ya yi mamakin yanayin tasirin jijiyoyinsa ba. Amma a banza. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa duk mutane suna buƙatar yin bincike aƙalla sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyar.
Ana ba da shawarar masu ciwon sukari ba kawai don sarrafa glucose na jini ba, amma kuma lokaci-lokaci don auna abun ciki na cholesterol mara kyau. Haɗuwa da cututtukan cuta guda biyu suna barazanar mummunan rikicewa.
Riskungiyar hadarin ta hada da:
- Shan taba mutane;
- Yawan masu kiba ko masu kiba a kowane mataki;
- Mutanen da ke fama da hauhawar jini;
- Idan tarihin gazawar zuciya, nazarin halittar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini;
- Mutanen da suke motsa kadan;
- Wakilan masu yin jima'i masu ƙarfi fiye da shekaru 40;
- Mata yayin haila;
- Marasa lafiya na tsofaffi rukuni.
Ana yin gwaje-gwaje na cholesterol a kowace cibiyar likita. Don bincike, kuna buƙatar 5 ml na ƙwayar halitta, wanda aka karɓa daga jijiya.
Awanni 12 kafin a daina cin samfurin jini, ana buƙatar ƙuntatawa na aiki.
Bayyana bincike kan cholesterol
An shawarci masu ciwon sukari su sayi na musamman da za'a iya amfani da shi wanda ake kira electrochemical glucometer. Na'urar tana auna cholesterol a gida. Algorithm na bincike a gida mai sauki ne, ba zai haifar da matsaloli ba, amma koyaushe zaka iya sarrafa mai nuna alama.
Gwajin gwaji na kwayoyin halittar jini yana nuna dabi'u uku - ɗaukar nauyin abu, LDL da HDL. Ka'idojin kowane mai nuna alama sun bambanta, ƙari, sun bambanta dangane da yawan shekarun mutum, jinsi.
Ka lura cewa babu wani ƙididdigar adadi da zai ƙayyade adadin kuɗin cholesterol. Likitocin suna amfani da teburin da aka ƙaddara wanda ke nuna adadin ɗabi'un maza da daidaitaccen jima'i. Sabili da haka, haɓaka ko raguwa a cikin cholesterol yana nuna ci gaban wata cuta.
Ga mai ciwon sukari, yakamata a lissafta rarar da kwararren likita. Ayyuka sun nuna cewa a cikin irin waɗannan marasa lafiya, matakin manufa yana gab da ƙarancin ƙa'idar aiki, wanda ke taimakawa hana rikice-rikice iri-iri.
Al'ada cikin mata:
- OH al'ada ce daga raka'a 3.6 zuwa 5.2. Sun ce an kara darajar dan kadan idan sakamakon ya bambanta daga raka'a 5.2 zuwa 6.19. Ana yin rikodin haɓaka lokacin da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta kasance daga raka'a 6.2.
- LDL al'ada ne har zuwa raka'a 3.5. Idan gwajin jini ya nuna sama da 4.0 mmol / l, to wannan shine babban adadi.
- HDL al'ada ce har zuwa raka'a 1.9. Idan ƙimar ta ƙasa da 0.7 mmol / l, to, a cikin masu ciwon sukari, da alama yiwuwar atherosclerosis yana ƙaruwa sau uku.
OH a cikin jima'i mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda yake a cikin mata. Koyaya, LDL cholesterol ya bambanta - kewayon yarda shine 2.25-4.82 mmol, kuma HDL yana tsakanin raka'a 0.7 da 1.7.
Triglycerides da Atherogenicity Ratio
A gaban manyan cholesterol a jikin masu ciwon sukari, ana buƙatar tsabtace tasoshin jini - abinci, wasa. Likitoci sau da yawa suna rubutattun siffa ko dabbobin fata - magunguna, ba a hana yin amfani da magungunan mutane ba - kayayyakin kiwon kudan zuma, chicory, tincture na hawthorn, Leuzea dioecious, da dai sauransu tsire-tsire masu warkarwa.
Don cikakken kimantawa game da yanayin ƙwayar mai, ana la'akari da mahimmancin triglycerides. Ga maza da mata, ƙimar al'ada ba ta bambanta. A yadda aka saba, har zuwa raka'a 2 harhada, wanda yake daidai da 200 MG / dl.
Iyakantacce, amma madaidaicin ya kai raka'a 2.2. Sun ce babban mataki ne yayin da binciken ya nuna sakamakon 2.3 zuwa 5.6 mmol a kowace lita. Mahimmanci sosai akan raka'a 5.7. Lokacin yanke ma'anar sakamakon, yakamata a tuna cewa ƙimar tunani a cikin ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na iya bambanta, saboda haka, ana ɗaukar bayanan masu zuwa azaman tushen:
- OH don wakilan maza da mata duka biyu daga raka'a 3 zuwa 6;
- HDL cikin maza - raka'a 0.7-1.73, mata - daga raka'a 0.8 zuwa 2.28;
- LDL a cikin maza daga 2.25 zuwa 4.82, mata - 1.92-4.51 mmol / l.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana nuna alamun kullun akan nau'in sakamako daga dakin gwaje-gwaje, bi da bi, kuma kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali akan su. Idan kun kwatanta kyawawan dabi'arku tare da ƙa'idodin da aka gabatar akan Intanet, zaku iya zuwa ƙarshen kuskuren.
Kuna iya tsara abubuwan da ke cikin cholesterol ta hanyar kara wasu samfuran zuwa menu, karuwa ko rage adadin nama, kifin dabbobi, da dai sauransu Duk canje-canje a cikin abincin masu ciwon sukari ya kamata a daidaita tare da likitanka.
Rashin abubuwa masu amfani da haɗari masu haɗari a cikin jinin masu ciwon sukari ana kiransa da ƙwaƙwalwar mahaifa. Tsarin sa shine OH debeproteins mai girma mai yawa, sannan adadin ya kasu kashi shida na yawa na lipoproteins. Darajar raka'a 2 zuwa 2.8 ga mutanen da ke da shekaru 20-30 zuwa al'ada ne. Idan bambancin ya kasance daga raka'a 3 zuwa 3.5 - to wannan shine zaɓi na yau da kullun ga marasa lafiya waɗanda suka girmi shekaru 30, idan mutumin yana ƙarami - akwai haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis. Lokacin da rabo yana ƙasa da al'ada - wannan ba shine dalilin damuwa ba, irin wannan sakamakon ba shi da ƙimar asibiti.
A ƙarshe: cholesterol low ne kuma babba mai yawa, mara kyau da abu mai kyau, bi da bi. Ana ba da shawarar mutane ba tare da tarihin CVD su ɗauki gwajin a kowace shekara 4-5 ba, masu ciwon sukari suna buƙatar auna sau da yawa a shekara. Idan kuna da babban zaɓin LDL, kuna buƙatar canza menu kuma ku motsa ƙari.
Game da ka’idar cholesterol an bayyana su a cikin bidiyon a cikin wannan labarin.
