Abinci mai gina jiki don maganin hemodialysis na koda da ciwon sukari yana kawar da amfani da kitsen mai da sauƙin carbohydrates. Lokacin da "cutar mai dadi" ta ci gaba, yana shafar kusan dukkanin tsarin kwayoyin, yana haifar da rikice-rikice iri-iri.
Sakamakon cutar ta yau da kullun ana ɗaukar lalacewa na ƙarancin koda, wanda shine babban dalilin mutuwa tsakanin masu ciwon sukari. Yana faruwa a kan tushen ciwon sukari nephropathy - renal dysfunction.
Ciwon sukari mellitus hanya ce da ke da alaƙa da cutar sankara. Lokacin da samfuran abinci da abubuwa masu guba suka tara cikin jinin mutum mai lafiya, kodan za su jimre da tacewa.
Koyaya, tare da ciwon sukari, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar haɗin mutum yana haifar da tara abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin jini wanda ke lalata jikin. Sabili da haka, likitoci sau da yawa sukan tsara hanya don tsarkake jini na wucin gadi. Yaya alaƙar hemodialysis da ciwon sukari? Wani irin abinci ne zan bi? Bari muyi kokarin gano ta.
Rashin Canjin Kodin a cikin Cutar sankara
Abubuwan da aka haɗa sun ƙunshi fiye da dubu 100 "glomeruli" - matattara na musamman waɗanda ke kwantar da jini daga samfuran metabolism da gubobi daban-daban.
Lokacin da jini ya ratsa ƙananan tasoshin waɗannan matattara, ana aika abubuwa masu lahani daga kodan zuwa mafitsara, ruwa da abubuwa masu mahimmanci su dawo zuwa gaɓar jini. Bayan haka, tare da taimakon urethra, an cire duk kayan ɓata daga jiki.
Tunda ana nuna cewa ciwon sukari yana haɓaka abubuwan glucose, nauyin da aka haɗu a cikin jikin haɗin gwal yana ƙaruwa sosai. Don cire sukari mai yawa daga jiki, kodan suna buƙatar ƙarin ruwa, a sakamakon haka, matsin lamba a cikin kowane glomerulus yana ƙaruwa.
Irin waɗannan hanyoyin pathogenic na tsawon lokaci suna haifar da raguwa a cikin yawan yawan matatun mai aiki, wanda kai tsaye yana da mummunan tasiri kan tsarkake jini.
Tare da dogon lokaci na "rashin lafiya mai laushi", kodan sun yanke jiki sosai har gazawar koda. Manufofinsa sune:
- ciwon kai da gajiya;
- gudawa da amai da gudawa;
- shortness na numfashi ko da tare da kadan ta jiki kokarin;
- fata mai ƙyalli;
- ɗanɗano mai ƙarfe;
- cramps da spasms na ƙananan ƙarshen, mafi muni da dare;
- mummunan numfashi daga bakin ciki;
- fainting da coma.
Wannan yanayin yana haɓaka bayan shekaru 15-20 na rashin maganin cutar sukari. Don kimanta aikin kodan, likita na iya jagorantar fitsari ko gwajin jini don creatinine ko gwajin fitsari don albumin ko microalbumin.
Lokacin tabbatar da ganewar asali, likitan na iya tsara hanyoyin tsarkake jini. Yawancin masana sun yarda cewa hemodialysis na ciwon sukari na buƙatar magani na musamman. Don haka, marasa lafiya suna buƙatar canzawa zuwa wani tsari na musamman na maganin insulin - injections tare da insulins na mutum. Manufar wannan magani shine soke injers na wani hormone na matsakaita tsawon lokaci da safe.
Bugu da kari, dole ne mu manta game da kula da cutar glycemia a koda yaushe domin guje wa sauran sakamakon hakan.
Babban mahimmancin hanyar maganin hemodialysis
Hemodialysis hanya ne na tsarkake jini.
Na'urar musamman tana tace jinin mai haƙuri ta hanyar membrane, ta haka tana tsabtace da gubobi da ruwa daban-daban. Sabili da haka, ana kiran na'urar sau da yawa "koda na wucin gadi."
Ka'idar aiki da na'urar kamar haka. Jinin daga jijiya yana shiga ciki, kuma tsari na tsarkakewa zai fara.
A gefe ɗaya na membrane na musamman, jini yana gudana, kuma a ɗayan, dialysate (bayani). Ya ƙunshi abubuwan da suke jawo ruwa da yawa da gubobi. An zaɓi abun da ke ciki don kowane mai haƙuri daban-daban.
"Kodin wucin gadi" yana da waɗannan ayyuka:
- Yana kawar da kayayyakin lalata. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin jinin masu ciwon sukari da ke fama da gazawar koda, ana lura da yawan ƙwayoyin gubobi, sunadarai, urea da sauran abubuwa. Koyaya, babu irin waɗannan abubuwan a cikin dialysate. Dangane da dokokin yaduwa, dukkan abubuwan da aka sanya daga mai ruwa tare da babban abun cikinsu suna motsawa cikin taya tare da sanya hankali.
- Yana hana ruwa mai yawa. Wannan na faruwa ne ta hanyar amfani da jiki. Godiya ga famfo, jini yana wucewa cikin matatar a karkashin matsin lamba, kuma a cikin flask din da ke dauke da dialysate, matsin din yayi kasa. Tun da bambancin matsin lamba yana da girma sosai, ƙwayar ruwa mai wucewa yana wucewa cikin maganin dialysis. Wannan tsari yana hana kumburin huhu, kwakwalwa da kuma gidajen abinci, sannan kuma yana cire ruwan da ke taruwa a zuciya.
- Normalizes pH. Don daidaita ma'aunin acid-tushe, buffer sodium bicarbonate na musamman yana nan a cikin maganin dialysis. Yana shiga cikin jini, sannan kuma ya shiga cikin sel jini, yana kara jini da gindi.
- Normalizes matakan electrolyte. Domin kada ku kawar da jinin abubuwan da suka cancanta kamar su Mg, K, Na da Cl, ana ɗauke su a cikin adadin a matsayin wani ɓangaren dialysate. Saboda haka, yawan wucewar electrolytes ya shiga cikin mafita, kuma abun da ke cikin su an daidaita shi.
- Yana hana haɓakar ruɓaɓɓen iska. Wannan aikin yana baratuwa ta kasancewar "tarkon iska" a kan bututu, wanda ya dawo da jini zuwa jijiya. Tare da wucewa na jini, an ƙirƙiri mummunan matsin lamba (daga 500 zuwa 600 mm Hg). Na'urar na karba kumfa daga iska ta hana su shiga cikin jini.
Bugu da kari, yin amfani da koda na wucin gadi yana hana samuwar cututtukan jini.
Godiya ga heparin, wanda aka gudanar dashi ta amfani da famfo, coagulation na jini baya faruwa.
Hemodialysis: alamomi da contraindications
Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar sau 2-3 a cikin kwanaki 7.
Bayan fuskantar hemodialysis, yawan ƙirar tacewar jini, ko kuma akasin haka, rage yawan maida urea, ya ƙaddara.
Lokacin da za'ayi wannan aikin sau uku a mako, to wannan alamar zata zama akalla 65%. Idan ana yin hemodialysis sau biyu a mako, to, yawan tsarkakewa ya zama kusan 90%.
Ya kamata a gudanar da maganin hemodialysis kawai bayan ƙaddara ganewar asali da kuma yarjejeniyar likita mai halartar. An tsara hanyoyin tsarkake jini a cikin lamurran masu zuwa:
- a cikin mummunar gazawar koda sakamakon sakamakon ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, pyelonephritis da toshewar hanjin urinary;
- a gazawar na koda
- tare da guba da ƙwayoyi (maganin rigakafi, sulfonamides, magungunan bacci, abubuwan shayarwa da sauransu);
- tare da maye tare da poisons (toodstool toodstool ko arsenic);
- tare da maye tare da giya na methyl ko ethylene glycol wanda ke cikin barasa;
- tare da hauhawar jini (yawan ruwa a jiki);
- tare da maye tare da magungunan narcotic (morphine ko tabar heroin);
- idan akwai rashin daidaituwa a cikin kayan lantarki a sakamakon toshewar hanji, toshewar hanji, ƙonewa, ƙonewa, zazzabi ko zafin jiki.
Koyaya, amfani da "koda na wucin gadi" koda a gaban ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan ba koyaushe bane dole. Mai ciwon sukari ko mara lafiya tare da daidaitaccen glucose na al'ada an wajabta shi a cikin damuwa idan an:
- Yawan fitsari a kowace rana bai wuce lita 0.5 ba.
- Kodan suna yin aikin su da kashi 10-15% kawai kuma suna tsarkake jinin a cikin ƙasa da 200 ml a cikin minti 1.
- Abin da ke cikin urea cikin jini na jini ya wuce 35 mmol / L.
- Taro a cikin jinin potassium ya fi 6 mmol / l.
- Bicarbonate na yau da kullun na jini bai wuce 20 mmol / L ba.
- Plasma creatinine ya ƙunshi fiye da 1 mmol / L.
- Ba za a iya kawar da kumburin zuciya, huhu, da kwakwalwa tare da magani ba.
Ga wasu nau'ikan marasa lafiya, ana iya yin maganin hemodialysis. Ba a ba da izinin amfani da na'ura don tace jini ba a cikin halayen masu zuwa:
- yayin kamuwa da cuta;
- tare da haɓakar cututtukan kwakwalwa (schizophrenia, psychosis ko epilepsy);
- tare da ci gaba da karuwa a cikin karfin jini;
- bayan bugun jini ko infarction myocardial;
- tare da cutuka masu rauni;
- tare da raunin zuciya;
- tare da tarin fuka da ciwon suga;
- tare da cututtukan jini (cutar sankarar bargo da cutar tarin fuka);
Bugu da kari, ba a amfani da maganin hemodialysis yana da shekaru sama da 80 da haihuwa.
Siffofin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ciwon sukari da cututtukan zuciya
Mai ciwon sukari tare da gajiya koda ya kamata ya nemi likita game da abinci.
Kwararren masanin abinci, yin la’akari da matakin sukari, kasancewar ko rashin rikice-rikice, tsawon lokacin jiyya, nauyi da shekaru, yana haɓaka tsarin abinci mai gina jiki.
Don kiyaye matakan glucose na al'ada da hana lalacewar aikin koda, mai haƙuri dole ne ya bi duk umarnin likitan halartar.
Babban ka'idojin abinci mai gina jiki don hawan jini da "cuta mai daɗi" sune kamar haka:
- Inara yawan ci a cikin furotin zuwa 1.2 g a 1 kilogiram na jikin mutum. Ana samun sashin ɗin a cikin ƙwai, kifi mai ƙoshin mai, nama da kayayyakin kiwo.
- Jimlar adadin samfuran da aka ƙone kada su wuce 2500 kcal. Ta haka ne za'a iya samar da narkewar halittar sunadarai na halitta.
- Tionuntata yawan shan ruwa. A tsakani tsakanin hanyoyin tsarkake jini, haramun ne a ci fiye da 5% na ruwa ta hanyar nauyin mai haƙuri.
Cikakken abinci yana kawar da yawan kitse. Sabili da haka, dole ne ku bar naman alade, raguna, mackerel, tuna, herring, sardines da kifi. Bugu da kari, baza ku iya cin kayan lambu wanda aka wadatar da sinadarin oxalic (rhubarb, alayyafo, seleri, radish, albasarta kore da kwai). Ya kamata ku manta game da sausages, sausages, kyafaffen nama da abinci na gwangwani. Da kyau, kuma, ba shakka, ƙin hanyoyin carbohydrates masu narkewa cikin sauƙi, shine, sukari, cakulan, kayan abincin keɓaɓɓu da sauran kayan lefe.
Madadin haka, kuna buƙatar cin 'ya'yan itatuwa mara misalai irin su lemu, lemu kore, plums, lemons da ƙari. Wadatar da abinci da kayan marmari (tumatir, cucumbers) da hatsi masu inganci (sha'ir, buckwheat da oatmeal).
An ba da izinin cinye nama da kifi (naman maroƙi, kaza, hake) da samfuran madara mai skim.
Yawan abinci 7 don maganin hemodialysis
Ana amfani da irin wannan abincin don masu ciwon sukari da ke fama da ciwon sukari don maganin hemodialysis don daidaita abinci mai gina jiki da hana haɓaka sakamako masu illa sakamakon tsarin tace jini.
Sau da yawa, abincin # 7 ana kiransa "renal."
Babban mahimmancinta shine iyakance yawan abincin da ake samu a potassium, protein da ruwa.
Akwai nau'ikan abinci iri-iri, amma dukkansu suna hana amfani da abinci gami da potassium, da abinci tare da babban gishiri. Koyaya, an ba da wasu kayan yaji da biredi don rama ƙarancin gishiri.
Dangane da tsarin abinci na 7, ana ba da damar abinci da abinci mai zuwa:
- upsanyen marmari da kayan marmari tare da ƙari na dankali, Dill, faski, man shanu, albasa (Boiled ko stewed);
- burodi, gurasa da lemun tsami ba tare da gishiri ba;
- naman sa, naman alade mai kauri, naman maroƙi, zomo, turkey, kaza (ana iya gasa ko dafa shi);
- ƙananan kifi mai ƙanshi a cikin tafasasshen tafasa, to, za ku iya ɗauka mara sauƙi ko gasa;
- vinaigrette ba tare da gishiri ba, salads daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari;
- biredi da kayan yaji - tumatir, kiwo, 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, cinnamon, vinegar;
- qwai-dafaffen qwai sau biyu a rana, a cikin nau'i na omelets, yolks a cikin kayan abinci;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa marasa amfani kamar peach, lemo, lemo, lemu kore;
- hatsi - sha'ir, masara;
- madara, kirim, kirim mai tsami, cuku gida, dafaffen abinci, madara da aka dafa, kefir da yogurt;
- teas ba tare da sukari ba, ruwan 'ya'yan itace mara amfani, kayan kwalliyar fure;
- man kayan lambu.
Baya ga lura da abinci na musamman, ya wajaba don maye gurbin aiki tare da hutawa mai kyau. Rashin damuwa yana kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikin koda da sukarin jini.
Yayin cin abincin, marasa lafiya suna buƙatar bin duk shawarar likita don hana rikice-rikice iri-iri. A wannan yanayin, an haramta shan magani kai tsaye, tunda mai haƙuri zai iya cutar da kansa kawai.
Bidiyo a cikin wannan labarin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da aikin kodan a cikin ciwon sukari.
