Shafe cutar atherosclerosis wani mummunan tsari ne na tsarin jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke bayyana kanta a cikin yawan kwancen lumbar tasoshin jijiyoyi da nau'ikan jijiya, mai cike da kitsen furotin da ke jikin mutum, sel.
Wannan yana haifar da lalacewar trophism na yankin wanda ke da wadatar jijiya. Marasa lafiya suna fuskantar rashin jin daɗi mafi girma tare da ƙarshen siffofin atherosclerosis na ƙananan ƙarshen.
A wannan yanayin, rarrabuwa a cikin tsokoki yana raguwa sosai, lactic acid da metabolites suna kwance a hankali, saboda haka zafin da ba a iya jurewa ba yana faruwa. Yi la'akari da etiology da pathogenesis na wannan cutar.
Dalilai da tsarin haɓaka
Akwai manyan dalilai na ci gaban cutar. Ba a yi nazarin hanyoyin da ke haifar da cutar atherosclerosis ba, amma a cikin magungunan da ke tabbatar da shaida ta zamani, an kafa kungiyoyin haɗari don wannan cuta. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan mai haƙuri yana da kowane ɗayan abubuwan da ke gaba, to damar damar canje-canje atherosclerotic yana ƙaruwa.
Wadannan abubuwan sun hada da:
- Yawan kiba. Mutane masu kiba sun fi kamuwa da rashin lafiya sakamakon cuta a cikin hanyoyin hanyoyin rayuwa da yawa. Kamar yadda aka gurɓata fats na kyauta a cikin tsopose nama, waɗannan ƙwayoyin triglycerides iri ɗaya, cholesterol, abubuwa na lipid na iya shiga cikin ƙwayoyin endothelial na bangon jijiyoyin bugun gini. Ga ƙungiyar haɗari iri ɗaya ana iya kasancewa mai kitse mai yawa, abinci mai kalori a haɗe tare da raunin enzyme.
- Shekaru, jinsi Mata ba su da saukin kamuwa da cutar atherosclerosis saboda kasancewar estrogen, wanda ke hana aiwatar da tarwatsewar ƙwayoyin sel. Maza suna rashin lafiya sau biyar sau da yawa. Hakanan, mutane bayan shekaru 40 suna iya kamuwa da cutar sakamakon lalacewar dabi'ar kwayar kwayar cuta a cikin bango na jijiyoyin jiki da kuma asarar tafinsu.
- Shan taba. Nicotine da wasu abubuwan haɗin sigarin sigari suna haifar da matsananciyar ƙarfin motsa jiki wanda ke raunana su akan lokaci. Abu ne mai sauƙin ka shiga cikin irin wannan bango na cholesterol fiye da ɗaya.
- Ciwon sukari mellitus. A wannan yanayin, yawan shan iskar shaye shaye ba ya zuwa karshe, kuma abubuwan da ba a tsaftace su ba dole su kewaya cikin jini, inda suke shiga ta fuskokinsu na tropic.
Hawan jini, rayuwa mai tazara, gado a cikin hanyar kasancewar dangi na cututtukan zuciya - wannan ba cikakken jerin abubuwan bane ke haifar da atherosclerosis.
Me ke faruwa a jiki? Da farko, canje-canje ba su da mahimmanci, ana iya gano su ta hanyar biochemical kawai. Ana daukar sinadarin cholesterol a jikin jigilar kayayyaki masu yawa da kuma marasa nauyi. Na farko shine cholesterol mai amfani “mai amfani”, a wannan tsari ana jigilar shi don hadarin kwayoyin hodar iblis da kuma tsari na membrane, da kuma zubar dashi. Nau'i na biyu shine mai jigilar cholesterol don ajiya. A yadda aka saba, ya kamata ya zama sau hudu ƙasa da farkon, amma wani lokacin ma'auni yana tayar da hankali. Sannan mai fara'a mai farawa. Wannan ana kiranta matakin dolipid.
Akwai matakai da yawa na ci gaban cutar
- Mataki na Daya - Lipoidosis. A wannan matakin, za a iya gano ɓoyayyen ɓacin rai da kwararan fitsari, waɗanda sune farkon alamun cutar atherosclerosis.
- Atheromatosis - ƙwaƙwalwar shimfidawa yana faɗaɗa, yana rufe ƙwayar lumen har ma da yawa, ta cika tare da capillaries da fibrin. Alamar farko ta cutar ta riga ta bayyana.
- Mataki na karshe shine fibrosis ko calcification. Za'a iya maye gurbin daskararru gaba daya ta hanyar warin hadin, ko kuma yayyafa shi da gishiri da kuma taurara, wanda hakan ya bayar da damar zabin magani zuwa aikin tiyata na zina.
Wadanne nau'in atherosclerosis suke?
Atherosclerosis na iya shafar kowane babban jirgi ko matsakaici a cikin jiki.
Abubuwa masu haɗari sune - jijiya (tasirin tasoshin da ke ciyar da zuciya), ƙwayar jijiyoyi (katsewar hancin brachiocephalic da kwandon carotid artery), ƙananan ƙarshen (lalacewar mashigar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa gabaɗaya tsawonsa).
Rarrabewar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙananan hanyoyin atherosclerosis ana aiwatar da su bisa ga dalilai da yawa - alamu, raunin aiki da alamomin ƙwayar cuta.
Yakamata a lura da manyan abubuwan:
Paarancin aiki:
- 1 - mutum ba zai ji zafi ba yayin tafiya ko da a nesa fiye da kilomita 1. Wataƙila abin da ya faru na jin zafi tare da matsanancin ƙoƙari na jiki. Daga cikin ƙarin alamun bayyanar, yin yatsu a cikin yatsunsu, jin yanayin sanyi na matuƙar rauni, pallor na fata akan ƙafa, ƙage yana yiwuwa.
- 2a - zafin ya bayyana a nesa na 1 km. Fan yatsu suna ɗaukan haske mai lalacewa saboda tsawan jini a cikin jijiyoyi, hyperkeratosis (fata mai bushe), ƙushin ƙyallen fata. A wannan matakin, ba zai yuwu a tantance bugun jijiyar jijiyar a kafafu ba.
- 2b - mai haƙuri ba zai iya yin tafiya zuwa 250 m akan ƙafa ba tare da tsayawa ba saboda zafin da ke faruwa bayan ɗan gajeren hutu.
- 3 - zafi yakan faru kwatsam, kuma marassa lafiya ya wuce mita 50 ba tare da tsayawa ba. Wannan aji ya dace da kusan dakatarwar bugun jirgin ruwan. Gashi a ƙafa yana fita, saboda abinci mai kyau bai isa ba. Fashewa ya bayyana akan fatar, ya zama bakin ciki kuma yana ɗaukar launi mai launi.
- 4 - bayyanar cututtuka na waje a cikin nau'ikan cututtukan trophic da foci na necrosis. Wannan yanayin haɗari ne da ke tattare da rauni. Hakanan ana nuna yanayin gangrenous da mummunan wahalar dare wanda bazai iya kwantar da masu aikin shayarwar ba. Yatsun sun zama ja, kafafun kuma ya kumbura.
Dangane da karkatar da hankali:
- Tsarin yana shafar fatar iliac da kuma aorta na ciki.
- Tare da ci gaba da gaba, an haɗa ƙwayar farancin kafa da kuma rassan popliteal na farko.
- Matsalar gaba na gaba da jijiya da jijiyoyin jikin tibial an shafi su.
- Cikakkar shan kashi na sama sassan.
- Cutar cuta mai yawa - akwai masu haɓaka da yawa a cikin jiki, babban tsari.
Hakanan ana iya rarrabewar atherosclerosis na ƙananan ƙarshen gwargwadon gwargwadon yawan ci gaban cutar (m da na kullum), ƙimar adana hanyoyin samar da jini (rama, ƙididdigewa, ƙididdigewa).
Yaya ake gano cutar a lokaci?
Duk wani ganewar asali yana farawa ne ta hanyar binciken da ake magana akai, watau tare da koke-koke na mara lafiya.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na yau da kullun na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na atherosclerosis na ƙananan ƙarshen sun haɗa da ciwo, ƙonewa mai zafi lokacin tafiya a cikin ƙafar kafafu (tare da lalacewar aorta, da baya da buttocks zafi, da rashin ƙarfi a cikin 50% na lokuta), ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, ƙarancin ƙafa, ƙarancin fata na ƙafafu, canji launinsu, bacewar bugun jini.
Bayan binciken, zaku iya ci gaba zuwa gwajin gwaje-gwaje:
- Ayyade jigon ƙwayar idon gwiwa - don tantance kwararar jini a cikin ƙananan ƙarshen. An lasafta shi azaman matsayin matsakaicin matsin lamba a cikin akidar tibial zuwa wancan a cikin akidar brachial. Kullum daidai yake da ɗaya.
- Nazarin duban dan tayi. Yin amfani da wannan hanyar, yanayin da ake so artery, da mataki na toshewa, kazalika da jini kwarara gudu tare da rheological sigogi - yawa, zai yiwu regurgitation an ƙaddara. Wannan hanya ce ta sasantawa.
- Angiography - haɗe tare da CT, yana bawa likitan tiyata damar hango yanayin hanyoyin jini kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma gano yankin da ya lalace. Rashin daidaituwa ya haɗa da cin zarafi, saboda a gwaji wajibi ne a gabatar da bambancin cikin ciki.
Don bincika yanayin kyallen takarda mai taushi, ana amfani da MRI kuma ana auna tashin hankali na oxygen, idan ya cancanta, don tantance waɗanne wurare ne har yanzu mai yiwuwa kuma wanne ya kamata a cire.
Jiyya da rigakafin cutar
Bayan yin bincike na asibiti, likitan ya ci gaba da zaɓin hanyar magani.
Game da atherosclerosis, akwai guda biyu daga cikinsu - magani na mazan jiya (magani) ko tiyata.
Dole ne ku fahimci cewa zaɓi na farko zai yiwu ne kawai idan babu alamun cutar, wanda har yanzu wakilan magunguna za su iya karɓar su.
Wadannan kwayoyi sun hada da:
- Yin amfani da wakilan antiplatelet (Dextran, Reopoliglyukin, Pentoxifylline (Trental), Aspirin, Ticlopidine) don hana ƙwayoyin jan jini daga haɗuwa tare cikin kunkuntar sassan ɓangaren jini - wannan ya kara tsananta ischemia.
- Magungunan cututtukan jini (yawan amfani da Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Ciprofibrate, nicotinic acid).
- Ana amfani da antispasmodics (Drotaverin, No-Shpa, Papaverin) don inganta wurare dabam dabam na jini a wani yanki da cutar ta shafa. Wannan da ɗan sauƙin sauƙaƙe jin zafi kuma yana tsawan matakin pregangrenous na cutar, yana hana bayyanar ulcers.
- Tare da barazanar thromboembolism, ana gudanar da thrombolytics da fibrinolytics (Streptokinase, Heparin, Urokinase).
- Ana aiwatar da cutar maganin hana barci ta hanyar da baya ko kuma a juzu'ai.
Hadin gwiwa da magani sun haɗa da yin amfani da hanyoyin motsa jiki (electrophoresis, magnetotherapy), oxygenation hyperbaric tissue da kuma maganin ozone.
Hanyoyin tiyata na magance cututtukan atherosclerosis na ƙananan ƙarshen sun haɗa da tsinkayen endovascular - wannan aikin sakewa ne, yayin da, a ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙarshen-zuwa ƙarshen kayan aikin ray-x-likita, likita ya isa wurin da aka tsayar kuma ya shafi:
- Melatical dilatation ko dogon lokaci artent stenting.
- Cire jinin haila ko bango mai kumburi.
- Prosthetics na jirgin ruwa da abin ya shafa.
- Introductionaddamar da micro-balloon don cire stenosis.
Wadannan hanyoyin suna zamani kuma suna karɓar mafi kyawun ra'ayoyi daga marasa lafiya da kwararru, sabanin ƙarewar ƙarewar ƙarewa.
Buɗe ayyuka a kan jiragen ruwa na ƙaramin ƙarfi sune cikakkiyar cirewar jirgin da abin ya shafa, farfadowa kai tsaye ko yankewa.
Don hana wannan cutar, ana bada shawara don bin tsarin cin abinci mai ƙarfi, ƙara yawan zagayawa da jini ta hanyar ƙara yawan motsa jiki mai amfani, tafi kullun don tausa da shafa shafawa, cin abinci kaɗan, inda akwai haɗarin fats + carbohydrates.
Yadda za a warkar da atherosclerosis na kafafu zai gaya wa gwani a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
