Carotid atherosclerosis cuta ce mai taushi, mai saurin kamuwa da ita yayin da ake ajiye allunan atherosclerotic a bangon carotid arteries.
Babban dalilin wannan ilimin shine yawan hauhawar cholesterol, musamman hade da karancin lipoproteins.
Me yasa arteriosclerosis na carotid arteries ya taso kuma menene haɗari?
Atherosclerosis cuta ce ta polyetiological. Akwai dalilai da yawa da zasu iya tayar da bayyanar cututtuka a jikin mutum. Daga cikin dukkan abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar, akwai da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi yawa.
Mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sune:
- Shekaru sama da arba'in.
- Maza suna fama da ajiyar yawan kwayar cutar cholesterol har sau hudu fiye da mata.
- Shan taba kai tsaye yana haifar da lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki sakamakon canje-canje a tsarin ganuwar su.
- Yawan kiba.
- Ciwon sukari mellitus, akasarin nau'in na biyu.
- Rashin lafiyar ciki, gami da rashin daidaituwa a cikin kwayoyin hodar iblis da kuma farawar haila a cikin mata.
- Almubazzaranci.
- Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta gado.
- Gabaɗaya matsalolin rashin lafiyar lipid a cikin jiki.
- Rashin yawan lipoproteins mai yawa (mai kyau "cholesterol").
- Sedentary salon.
- Hanyar cuta ta metabolism wani yanayi ne na musamman wanda ya haɗa da alamun bayyanar hauhawar jini (hawan jini), yawan nauyin jiki a ciki, yawan motsa jiki, da kuma haƙurin glucose.
- Akai akai akai, rashin nutsuwa.
Lalacewa a cikin ƙwayar carotid yana da haɗari ga rikicewar cuta a cikin kwakwalwa, saboda suna ɗaukar jini mai wadatar oxygen zuwa sel da kyallen takarda. Da farko, ƙananan alamun na iya bayyana, kamar raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yawan juyawa yanayi, ciwon kai, rage ƙarfin tunani, da rashin hankali. Nan gaba, abin da ake kira hare-hare na ischemic ischemic (TIAs) na iya faruwa - waɗannan sune rikicewar jijiyoyin jiki na lokaci-lokaci (waɗanda ke gushewa) waɗanda ke ɓoye ƙasa da rana guda. An nuna su ta hanyar rikice-rikice daban-daban na ji na ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin gabobi, raunin gani, koda kuwa gurgu ne mai yiwuwa
Idan bayyanar cututtukan halayyar ischemic na tashin hankali ba su shuɗe cikin sa'o'i 24 ba, to sai an sake gano wani ciwo - bugun jini.
Cutar bugun jini cuta ce da take haifar da kwakwalwa. Zai iya faruwa saboda hauhawar jini (rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen) na kwakwalwa ko kuma saboda zubar jini a ciki.
Tissue hypoxia na iya faruwa sakamakon hauhawar jini (tasoshin jini suna da kunkuntar, kuma jini baya gudanowa sosai) ko kuma atheroscleroros (filayen atherosclerotic na iya haɓaka cikin ƙwayar jirgi da iyakance yawan jinin da yake gudana). A wannan yanayin, bugun jini ana kiransa ischemic (ischemia - rashin jini mai wadatar oxygen).
Idan basur yakasance a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, to dalilinda ya sa ya zama ruwan dare shine jijiyoyin jiki - bakin ciki da fadada bango na jirgin ruwa, sakamakon hakan ne yake rasa kwanciyar hankali kuma zai iya murkushewa a kowane lokaci saboda karuwar kaya ko damuwa. Aneurysm, bi da bi, na iya inganta a gaban atherosclerosis. Wani jini a cikin kwakwalwa yana nuna cewa bugun jini na jini (basur - zubar jini).
Kamar yadda kake gani da kanka, atherosclerosis na carotid arteries na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Kuma mafi munin hakan, babu wanda zai iya hasashen yadda bugun jini zai bayyana kansa. Idan ba ku samar da ƙwararren likita a kan kari ba, to mutum na iya zama mai rauni har abada ko ma ya mutu kwata-kwata.
Abin da ya sa ke nan, idan an gano ƙwayar cutar atherosclerotic na ƙwayar carotid, ɗayan hanyoyin da aka fi so na magani shine tiyata.
Yaushe aikin tilas ne?
Ana aiwatar da aikin tiyata ne kawai idan za'a bayyana yanayin cutar.
Bugu da ƙari, ana yin aikin tare da ƙarancin maganin magani da aka yi amfani da shi, wanda ba shi da ikon iya daidaita yanayin kiwon lafiya.
Shigowar tiyata don lura da carotid arteriosclerosis yana da takamaiman takamaiman, tabbatattun alamu.
Alamu suna da stenosis (kunkuntar) na lumen na carotid artery ya fi karfi da kashi 70%, gami da wadancan kararrakin inda babu alamun bayyanuwa a asibiti; stenosis na carotid artery ya zarce rabi idan akwai alamun cutar isheemiya, kuma a baya majinyacin ya ɗan sami rauni na lokacin jabu (TIA) ko bugun jini.
Haka nan, ana yin aikin tilas idan an sami raguwar lumen kasa da rabin idan an lura da alamun TIA da bugun jini a baya; fashewar kwatsam na ayyukan kwakwalwa ko ci gaba na ischemia na kullum; lalacewar jijiyoyin carotid hagu da dama; lalacewar lokaci guda ga carotid, vertebral da arteries.
Hakanan akwai wasu contraindications ga aikin, saboda a mafi yawan lokuta tsofaffi suna zuwa da irin waɗannan matsalolin.
A gare su, irin waɗannan ayyukan suna da rauni, sabili da haka akwai irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka saba wa halayyar su:
- cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, tsarin bronchopulmonary da kodan a cikin lokacin ɓacin rai - sune matsala ta farko, saboda jikin da ke ƙarƙashin tasirin cutar cizon saƙo na iya magancewa kawai;
- muhimmin bacin rai na hankali, har zuwa hauhawar jini;
- m mataki na bugun jini;
- bashin jini a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tare da kyakkyawan ma'anar ischemia.
Hakanan kuma contraindication shine kusan ƙarshen mutuwar ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa tare da ɗorawar ƙwayar jijiyoyin carotid.
Yawancin ayyuka a kan carotid arteries
Kafin likitoci su tantance irin aikin da za su yi a ɓangaren tiyata, marasa lafiya suna buƙatar yin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun: babban jini da gwajin fitsari, gwajin jini na biochemical, cardiogram (don ware cututtukan zuciya), fluorography (bincike mai mahimmanci na tarin fuka), da kuma coagulogram (ƙudurin coagulation na jini).
Methodsarin hanyoyin bincike a wannan yanayin, wanda muke la'akari, ya haɗa da carotid artery angiography (angiography bincike ne na tasoshin jini ta amfani da matsakaiciyar matsakaici), tasoshin jini, lissafin tomography (CT), ko hoton maganadisu (MRI).
An bambanta manyan nau'ikan tsarancin tiyata guda uku akan carotid arteries: carotid endarterectomy, jijiyoyin bugun bugun jini, jijiyoyin bugun zuciya.
Zaɓin hanyar tiyata kai tsaye ya dogara da matakin lalacewar jijiyoyin jiki, a kan shekaru da kuma yanayin mai haƙuri, da kan asibitin da za a yi aikin.
- Carotid enadarterectomy shine mafi yawan aikin jijiyoyin bugun gini na sama. Ya ƙunshi cikakkiyar cirewar ƙwayar cholesterol daga bangon jirgin ruwa, wanda ke ba da damar dawo da cikakkiyar zagayawa. Mafi yawan lokuta ana yin shi ta amfani da maganin sa barci, amma wani lokacin ma ana iya yiwuwa. Ana aiwatar da shi tare da atherosclerosis da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta carotid, wanda a ciki akwai alamun bayyanar asibiti na haɗarin cerebrovascular, ko tare da asymptomatic atherosclerosis, amma tare da mahimmancin jijiyoyin bugun jini. A lokacin aikin, ana sanya maƙarƙashiya a bayan murfin 2 cm a ƙasa daga ƙarshen muƙamuƙin, ana ci gaba tare da ƙwayar sternocleidomastoid don santimita goma. Sannan gawar da subcutaneous mai kitse an watsa. Bayan wannan, bifurcation (bifurcation) na carotid artery na kowa ya zama ruwan dare kuma an sami na ciki. Atherosclerotic plaque tare da abubuwa masu canzawa na jikin bango na kusa dasu an cire shi gaba daya daga lumbar. Sa'an nan kuma an wanke wannan wurin tare da bayani na ilimin halittar sodium chloride. Bango na jijiyoyin jiki yana narke ta amfani da facin na musamman. Ana iya yin shi daga abubuwa na roba ko kuma daga kyallen masu haƙuri kansa. A ƙarshen aikin, rauni yana narkewa a cikin yadudduka, yana barin magudanar ruwa (bututu) a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren don fitar da ruwa.
- Tsayawa - a yanzu, ana ƙara fifita wannan aiki saboda yanayi ne na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, kuma, gwargwadon haka, ƙasa da rauni ga ɗan adam. Don dagewa, dole ne a dauki jakar x-ray na dindindin, wanda za'a tura wakili a jirgin ruwa kuma ana kula dashi. Ana yin aikin ne a karkashin maganin sa barci na gida. Da farko, ana yin huda (huda) na carotid artery. Sannan, a karkashin kulawar X-ray, an gabatar da balan-balan na musamman a ciki, wanda ke fadada lumen jirgin ruwa a wurin da ake bukata. Bayan wannan, an saka siginar - turmin ƙarfe, wanda zai ci gaba da kiyaye aikin tilas ɗin. A karshen aikin, an cire balloon. Lokacin da aka tsaya, za'a iya lura da rikitarwa kamar lalacewar plaque, carotid artery thrombosis.
- Prosthetics wataƙila hanya mafi wahala ta sa bakin ciki tare da mafi girman lokacin. Ana amfani dashi don rauni mai yawa na atherosclerotic, adana salts na alli a cikin bangon jirgin ruwa, haka kuma a gaban ladabi ko wucewar jijiya. A lokacin yin sujjada, an datse carotid artery, an cire yankin da abin ya shafa, an tsabtace tasoshin da wuraren da aka ajiye su, sauran sassan da ke cikin carotid artery an haɗasu da kuma carotid artery. Jointaramar haɗin gwiwa shine aikin da aka yi da kayan aikin roba wanda ya dace da diamita na tasoshin. Mataki na karshe shine shigar da magudanar ruwa domin fitar da ruwa.
Lokacin murmurewa bayan tiyata don atherosclerotic plaque a cikin carotid artery da wuya ya wuce mako guda. Tashin hankali ya taso da wuya. Sakamakon aikin yakan zama mafi dacewa. Binciken ayyukan da ke sama suna da inganci galibi.
An bayyana carotid arteriosclerosis a cikin bidiyo a wannan labarin.
